Scadoxus

Scadoxus
	Scadoxus multiflorus
Systematics
	Monocots
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae)
Subfamily :	Amaryllidoideae
Tribe :	Haemantheae
Genre :	Scadoxus
Scientific name
	Scadoxus
	Raf.

Scadoxus is a genus within the family of the Amaryllis (Amaryllidaceae). The nineor so species arewidespreadfrom the Arabian Peninsula across East Africa and tropical to southern Africa.

Description and phenology

Habitus and inflorescence of Scadoxus cinnabarinus

Habitus and inflorescence of Scadoxus cyrtanthiflorus

Habitus and inflorescence of Scadoxus membranaceus

Habitus and inflorescence of Scadoxus puniceus

Scadoxus species grow as perennial herbaceous plants . These geophytes form large and thick bulbs growing close to the ground as survival organs. The leaves are thin compared to Haemanthus , smooth with a prominent main nerve and a narrowed base that looks like a petiole.

The Scadoxus species begin to bloom when the leaves have not yet fully emerged. This is also the case with most Haemanthus species. Scadoxus species bloom mainly in spring ( Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. Katharinae in late summer).

Systematics and distribution

The genus Scadoxus was established by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz . Type species is Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. Scadoxus Raf. are: Nerissa Salisb. , Demeusea De Wild. & T.Durand , Choananthus Rendle . The species of the genus Scadoxus were previously placed in the closely related genus Haemanthus .

The two closely related genera Scadoxus and Haemanthus belong to the tribe Haemantheae in the subfamily of the Amaryllidoideae within the family of the Amaryllidaceae .

The genus Scadoxus is widespread from the Arabian Peninsula across East Africa and the tropical to southern Africa . All Scadoxus species thrive in summer rain areas.

There are about nine species in the genus Scadoxus :

Scadoxus cinnabarinus (Decne.) Friis & Nordal : It iswidespreadin tropical Africa, for example in West Africa , Central Africa , Angola and Uganda .
Scadoxus cyrtanthiflorus (CHWright) I.Friis & I.Nordal : It is distributed in tropical Africa from the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Uganda.
Scadoxus longifolius (De Wild. & Th.Dur.) I.Friis & I.Nordal : It occurs only in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Scadoxus membranaceus (Bak.) I.Friis & I.Nordal : It occurs in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal .
Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. : There are three subspecies:
- Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. katharinae (Baker) Friis & Nordal (Syn .: Haemanthus katharinae Baker , Haemanthus multiflorus subsp. katharinae (Baker) I.Bjørnstad & Friis ): It is from Zimbabwe and Mozambique to Swaziland and to the northern South African provinces of Mpumalanga , Eastern Cape and KwaZulu- Natal spread.
- Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. longitubus (CHWright) Friis & Nordal (Syn .: Haemanthus longitubus C.H.Wright , Haemanthus multiflorus subsp. longitubus (CHWright) I.Bjørnstad & Friis , Haemanthus mannii Baker ): It is widespread in tropical West Africa.
- Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. subsp. multiflorus : It is distributed in tropical and southern Africa and on the southwestern Arabian Peninsula.
Scadoxus nutans (I.Friis & Bjrnst.) I.Friis & I.Nordal : It occurs only in southwestern Ethiopia .
Scadoxus pole-evansii (Oberm.) I.Friis & I.Nordal : It occurs only in southeastern Zimbabwe.
Scadoxus pseudocaulus (Bjrnst. & I.Friis) I.Friis & I.Nordal : It is distributed in tropical Africa from southern Nigeria, Cameroon and Gabon to Equatorial Guinea.
Scadoxus puniceus (L.) Friis & Nordal : It is widespread from East Africa (Ethiopia) through tropical Africa to southern South Africa.

use

Scadoxus multiflorus and Scadoxus puniceus are used as ornamental plants . In the temperate areas, the Scadoxus species are only cultivated in greenhouses or rarely as houseplant .

swell

James E. Shields: The Amaryllis Family: Scadoxus , 2004.
AW Meerow, JR Clayton: Generic relationships among the baccate-fruited Amaryllidaceae (tribe Haemantheae) inferred from plastid and nuclear non-coding DNA sequences. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , 244, 2004, pp. 141-155.

Individual evidence

^ Scadoxus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 19, 2014.
^ ^A ^b Scadoxus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Scadoxus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 20, 2014.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Species list for Scadoxus in the Red List of South African Plants . Retrieved October 19, 2014
↑ Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. katharinae at plantzafrica.com .
↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 826).

Web links

Commons : Scadoxus - collection of images, videos and audio files

Scadoxus puniceus at plantzafrica.com .

[Tropicos-1] Scadoxus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 19, 2014.

[GRIN-2] A ^b Scadoxus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 20, 2014.

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Scadoxus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 20, 2014.

[RedListSA-4] Species list for Scadoxus in the Red List of South African Plants . Retrieved October 19, 2014

[plantzafricaSMK-5] Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. katharinae at plantzafrica.com .

[Botanica2003-6] Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 826).