Scadoxus
Scadoxus | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Scadoxus | ||||||||||||
Raf. |
Scadoxus is a genus within the family of the Amaryllis (Amaryllidaceae). The nineor so species arewidespreadfrom the Arabian Peninsula across East Africa and tropical to southern Africa.
Description and phenology
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Scadoxus_cinnabarinus_MS_3511.jpg/220px-Scadoxus_cinnabarinus_MS_3511.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Scadoxus_cyrtanthiflorus_B.jpg/220px-Scadoxus_cyrtanthiflorus_B.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Scadoxus_membranaceus_-_Basel_-_1.jpg/220px-Scadoxus_membranaceus_-_Basel_-_1.jpg)
Scadoxus species grow as perennial herbaceous plants . These geophytes form large and thick bulbs growing close to the ground as survival organs. The leaves are thin compared to Haemanthus , smooth with a prominent main nerve and a narrowed base that looks like a petiole.
The Scadoxus species begin to bloom when the leaves have not yet fully emerged. This is also the case with most Haemanthus species. Scadoxus species bloom mainly in spring ( Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. Katharinae in late summer).
Systematics and distribution
The genus Scadoxus was established by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz . Type species is Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. Scadoxus Raf. are: Nerissa Salisb. , Demeusea De Wild. & T.Durand , Choananthus Rendle . The species of the genus Scadoxus were previously placed in the closely related genus Haemanthus .
The two closely related genera Scadoxus and Haemanthus belong to the tribe Haemantheae in the subfamily of the Amaryllidoideae within the family of the Amaryllidaceae .
The genus Scadoxus is widespread from the Arabian Peninsula across East Africa and the tropical to southern Africa . All Scadoxus species thrive in summer rain areas.
There are about nine species in the genus Scadoxus :
- Scadoxus cinnabarinus (Decne.) Friis & Nordal : It iswidespreadin tropical Africa, for example in West Africa , Central Africa , Angola and Uganda .
- Scadoxus cyrtanthiflorus (CHWright) I.Friis & I.Nordal : It is distributed in tropical Africa from the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to western Uganda.
- Scadoxus longifolius (De Wild. & Th.Dur.) I.Friis & I.Nordal : It occurs only in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Scadoxus membranaceus (Bak.) I.Friis & I.Nordal : It occurs in the South African provinces of Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal .
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Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. : There are three subspecies:
- Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. katharinae (Baker) Friis & Nordal (Syn .: Haemanthus katharinae Baker , Haemanthus multiflorus subsp. katharinae (Baker) I.Bjørnstad & Friis ): It is from Zimbabwe and Mozambique to Swaziland and to the northern South African provinces of Mpumalanga , Eastern Cape and KwaZulu- Natal spread.
- Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. longitubus (CHWright) Friis & Nordal (Syn .: Haemanthus longitubus C.H.Wright , Haemanthus multiflorus subsp. longitubus (CHWright) I.Bjørnstad & Friis , Haemanthus mannii Baker ): It is widespread in tropical West Africa.
- Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. subsp. multiflorus : It is distributed in tropical and southern Africa and on the southwestern Arabian Peninsula.
- Scadoxus nutans (I.Friis & Bjrnst.) I.Friis & I.Nordal : It occurs only in southwestern Ethiopia .
- Scadoxus pole-evansii (Oberm.) I.Friis & I.Nordal : It occurs only in southeastern Zimbabwe.
- Scadoxus pseudocaulus (Bjrnst. & I.Friis) I.Friis & I.Nordal : It is distributed in tropical Africa from southern Nigeria, Cameroon and Gabon to Equatorial Guinea.
- Scadoxus puniceus (L.) Friis & Nordal : It is widespread from East Africa (Ethiopia) through tropical Africa to southern South Africa.
use
Scadoxus multiflorus and Scadoxus puniceus are used as ornamental plants . In the temperate areas, the Scadoxus species are only cultivated in greenhouses or rarely as houseplant .
swell
- James E. Shields: The Amaryllis Family: Scadoxus , 2004.
- AW Meerow, JR Clayton: Generic relationships among the baccate-fruited Amaryllidaceae (tribe Haemantheae) inferred from plastid and nuclear non-coding DNA sequences. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , 244, 2004, pp. 141-155.
Individual evidence
- ^ Scadoxus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 19, 2014.
- ^ A b Scadoxus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Scadoxus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 20, 2014.
- ↑ a b c Species list for Scadoxus in the Red List of South African Plants . Retrieved October 19, 2014
- ↑ Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. katharinae at plantzafrica.com .
- ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 826).