Hansburg Castle

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Hansburg Castle in the year of completion 1585 on an engraving by Frans Hogenberg

Castle John's Castle , also Haderslevhus in Haderslev the first was Renaissance castle in Denmark . The house, completed in 1585, burned down in 1644 and was completely demolished.

history

The medieval town castle Haderslevhus was located on a hill east of the city. It was mentioned for the first time in 1326, but like the other Danish city castles, it probably dates back to the 13th century. Nothing is known about the appearance of this castle. In the 14th century it was owned by Waldemar Atterdag . It served as a fortress and administrative seat of the Danish kings and as the official seat of the bailiff of Hadersleben . The future King Christian III resided here from 1523 to 1533 . as a young duke, to whom his father, the then King Friedrich I , had left the office of Hadersleben. His sons Friedrich, later King Friedrich II. , AndJohann were born here.

In 1544 Christian III. the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein , which he ruled in personal union with Denmark-Norway, with his younger half-brothers Adolf and Hans . Duke Hans received, among other things, Hadersleben, after which his share was named Schleswig-Holstein-Hadersleben . The old Haderslevhus served as his residence. Around 1555, Duke Hans had the construction of a renaissance castle begin right next to the old castle. From 1559, Hercules von Oberberg (1517–1602), who since 1557 had renewed several of the Danish castles, including Koldinghus, as a royal builder, was in charge of the work. In 1562 the west wing with the ducal apartments was completed and the duke moved in. Four years later, the south wing with the palace chapel, which was inaugurated on April 14, 1565, was also finished. Then the medieval castle was torn down and houses for the servants were built on. Duke Hans did not live to see the complete completion of the palace named after him, because he died in 1580, five years before the construction work was completed. At that time, the independent duchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Hadersleben no longer existed and Hadersleben was part of the royal portion of the duchies. The name Hansburg was subsequently replaced by the traditional name Haderslevhus. The bailiff resided permanently in the castle, while the governor of the duchies stayed here regularly on his travels through the country.

Because the plague was raging in Copenhagen, the splendid wedding of King Christian IV to Anna Katharina of Brandenburg took place on November 27, 1597 at Hansburg Palace. The Hadersleben official accounts contain a list of the utensils and food supplied for this “bilager” . The feudal people of the surrounding estates delivered 161 oxen and 1,147 lambs for the festival. Despite the 457 pages of bacon delivered, there was complaint about a bacon shortage. 150 pewter plates had to be purchased for the guests to be entertained. The royal couple liked to stay in the modern castle. Several of their children, including the future King Friedrich III. , were born at Schloss Hansburg. Christian IV later lived temporarily with his second wife Kirsten Munk at the castle. In 1626 she gave birth to the twins Christiane and Hedwig. Christian IV had the already richly furnished church painted and gilded on the church furnishings .

On the map by Johannes Mejer from 1651 in the New State Description of the two Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein , only one fortification without buildings between the entrenchments is shown.

During the Thirty Years War , German troops occupied the city in 1627 and burned it down. They used the fire-damaged castle as their headquarters until 1629. The construction work had only just been completed, entrenchments were made and a new organ was installed in the church when Haderslevhus was captured by Swedish troops under Lennart Torstensson in 1644 during the Torstensson War and served as its headquarters for months. In the autumn of the same year, the Danish king succeeded in retaking it, whereupon the Swedish Colonel Helm Wrangel besieged the Hansburg again at the end of the year . The night after the capture, a fire broke out, which also spread to the explosives stored in the cellar. The castle was completely destroyed.

Although Christian IV and his successor Friedrich III. The architect Andreas Clausen carried out security work on the ruins in 1646/49, but Haderslevhus was not rebuilt. In 1666 the ruins were demolished and the area was built over in the following period. Foundations were found during excavations in 1979. Today, only a few of the houses built from 1568 on the site of the medieval castle in Slotsgade, which once led from the castle into the city, and today's Haderslevhus, a meeting house from 1885, are reminiscent of the castle and the old castle.

construction

The only contemporary depiction of the Hansburg is an engraving that Frans Hogenberg created for the Civitates Orbis Terrarum . The depiction is dated to 1585, the year the palace was completed. Accordingly, the Hansburg was surrounded by a moat that also separated it from the city of Hadersleben. It consisted of four wings, each of which had three floors (plus basement and attic). There were towers on the southwest and northeast sides. With a footprint of 80 × 75 m, the castle was about the size of the royal Kronborg Castle . The Hansburg was thus designed much larger than the Gottorf Castle at that time , the residence of Hans' brother Adolf von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf .

In the south wing was a large, domed church that took up two floors. It was considered to be particularly beautiful and preciously furnished and became a model for the church of Koldinghus. The knight's hall was located above the church.

From 1586 onwards, King Friedrich II had the garden with fountain and bath house laid out by Duke Hans enlarged and equipped with a pleasure house. Christian IV had a ball game house and a Ringreiterbahn built. Most of the gardens fell victim to the fortification of the castle after 1629. On the map by Johannes Mejer from 1651, only one ski jump is drawn, which is separated from the servants' houses by a ditch that did not yet exist in 1585. The lock, which was already burnt out at this point, is missing from the image.

Hansburg Castle in Literature

Theodor Storm published his 14th century historical novella Ein Fest auf Haderslevhuus (with 2 " u ") in 1885 . The main characters are the knight Claus Lembeck (Danish: Claus Limbeck) and his son Rolf from the Schleswig noble family von Burg Dorning ( Törning ) near Hadersleben. In 1921 the novella was made into a film ( Ein Fest auf Haderslevhuus ) .

literature

  • Hans Berlage : The building of the castle Hansburg at Hadersleben . In: Journal of the Society for Schleswig-Holstein History , Volume 53, 1923, pp. 1-54.
  • Hans Berlage: The Hansburg Palace near Hadersleben under Christian IV: 1588–1644 . In: Journal of the Society for Schleswig-Holstein History , Volume 54, 1924, pp. 305–398.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Smed, Mette: Hercules von Oberberg in: Den Store Danske .
  2. ↑ a b c Haderslevs Forsvundne Kirker. Haderslevhus (Hansborg) † Slotskapel (pdf, accessed March 3, 2021).
  3. ^ Valdemar Andersen: Christian IV's bilager på Haderslevhus 1597 , pp. 15-18.
  4. ↑ Matthäus Merian : Topographia Saxoniae Inferioris: This is a description of the noblest place and place in the high. Nider Sachß. Crayß. Frankfurt 1653, p. 110 .

Coordinates: 55 ° 14 ′ 59.5 ″  N , 9 ° 29 ′ 29.1 ″  E