Lütetsburg Castle
| Lütetsburg Castle | ||
|---|---|---|
 Lütetsburg Castle |
||
| Creation time : | Mid 14th century | |
| Castle type : | Moated castle | |
| Conservation status: | Receive | |
| Place: | Lütetsburg | |
| Geographical location | 53 ° 35 '59 " N , 7 ° 15' 47.5" E | |
|
||
The Lütetsburg Castle is a moated castle in the municipality Lütetsburg in East Friesland .
The castle complex is eponymous for the community and consists of a residential building, a bailey and a park. The castle is located east of the city north and has been fundamentally rebuilt several times over the centuries. The three-winged outer bailey is part of the second complex built by Chief Unico Manninga from 1557 to 1576, its gate tower from 1731 to the third. The castle itself was built between 1959 and 1960 on the foundation walls of the previous building that had burned down.
Building history
In Lütetsburg there was a Uthof (outer courtyard) of the Manninga chiefs , the lords of Westeel , Pewsum and Bergum , since 1212 . Lütet I. Manninga probably had this converted into a stone house around the middle of the 14th century . He became the namesake of the castle and the surrounding area.
His nephew Lütet II finally relocated the family seat to the storm-flood-proof Geestrand east of the city north after the old residence in Westeel was lost in 1374 by the first Dionysius flood. His grandson, Lütet III., Expanded the stone house there into a four-winged castle by 1430. The foundation walls of today's castle date from this time.
During the Saxon feud , troops of the Black Guard destroyed the castle in 1514 in revenge for the fact that the East Frisian Count Edzard II had stolen three ammunition ships from them.
Chief Unico (Onneke) Manninga (1529–1588) had the castle , which is surrounded by a graft, rebuilt in the original location as a Renaissance- style castle and added a bailey to the complex, which has been preserved to this day. After Unico Manninga's death, his only daughter Hyma inherited the castle. Through her marriage to the imperial baron Wilhelm zu Innhausen and Knyphausen, Lütetsburg came into the possession of the Knyphausen family (today Counts of Innhausen and Knyphausen ), who are still owners of Lütetsburg Castle with its park and forest.
During the Thirty Years War , Ernst von Mansfeld's troops occupied the castle and the surrounding villages in 1632. They charged the environment with high contributions . And that, although Dodo zu Innhausen und Knyphausen , the son of the lord of the castle Wilhelm zu Inn- und Knyphausen , was in Mansfeld's service. The castle and the village population suffered severely from the billeting of imperial troops under Colonel Matthias Gallas (1627–1631) and the occupation by troops of the anti- imperial alliance (1637–1650). After the occupiers left, the structure of the palace was ailing. In the following years it deteriorated more and more until Dodo (II.) Zu Innhausen and Knyphausen (1641–1698) rebuilt the complex from 1677 to 1679 in the classicist Baroque style . Carl Philipp zu Innhausen and Knyphausen (1711–1784) had the old gate tower of the outer bailey and the drawbridges torn down at the beginning of the 18th century. The crescent-shaped bridge gave way to a straight one, and in the place of the old gate tower the building was given a central, two-storey baroque gate tower in 1731 , which was built after the main access was moved from the east to the north.
On Boxing Day 1893, there was a serious fire in Lütetsburg. The trigger was a fallen Christmas tree. This ignited the canvas wallpaper. It took a long time before the fire brigades from Hage and the north arrived in Lütetsburg, so that they could no longer prevent the main castle, which was located within a wide graft, from burning down almost completely. In the process, many artistically and historically valuable objects were lost, such as hundreds of paintings by Dutch painters of the 17th century, an oil painting by the Prussian court painter Antoine Pesne , valuable Frisian and Dutch cupboards, tapestries and the entire armory inventory . Count Edzard zu Innhausen and Knyphausen had the palace rebuilt from 1894 to 1896 by the renowned Hanoverian architect Hermann Schaedtler in the neo-renaissance style . Schaedtler's design was based on the one hand on historical models of the Dutch-Danish Renaissance, but on the other hand also on more recent castle buildings in the relatives of the client. The castle was further expanded until 1908.
During the Second World War , 140 heavy bombs fell on the castle grounds in March 1944. Several people were killed and the castle was badly damaged. It was then provisionally restored so that it was partially habitable. In 1956 it fell victim to another major fire for an unexplained cause. Prince Wilhelm Edzard zu Innhausen and Knyphausen then had the existing building rebuilt in a more modern style on the foundations of earlier castles. Of the previous buildings, only the elongated brick building of the outer bailey and the gate tower have been preserved.
Building description
The castle consists of a two-storey four-wing system made of brick with two towers. It was built between 1959 and 1960 based on designs by Wilhelm Edzard zu Inn- and Knyphausen that went back to the previous Baroque building. The architect Hans-Heinrich von Oppeln-Bronikowski implemented these. The outer bailey is much older: the Inn- and Knyphausen family had the elongated brick building parallel to the street built in the 16th century in the style of the Dutch Renaissance. The two-storey gate tower with a round arched passage, side pilasters, curved sandstone gable and coat of arms-bearing lions was built in 1731 in the center of the outer bailey.
Castle Park
The Lütetsburg Palace Park was designed in the Dutch Baroque style at the beginning of the 18th century and was divided into small sections in line with the zeitgeist of the time. It fell in desolation at the end of the 18th century. Edzard Mauritz Freiherr von Inn- und Knyphausen had it rebuilt in the years 1790–1813 by the Oldenburg court gardener Carl Ferdinand Bosse. According to his plans, the largest private English landscape garden in Northern Germany was created on the approximately 30 hectare site . The layout clearly shows the turn towards Romanticism in the sense of Jean-Jacques Rousseau , which began in the second half of the 18th century . It is one of the few surviving examples of this early romantic garden type on the continent. A network of paths of approx. 5 km in length that is open to the public runs through the park.
Since 2015, the “Illumina” light art festival has been held every year in early autumn in the castle grounds of Lütetsburg . Trees are illuminated , but light installations are also set up. The performance is acoustically accompanied by sound effects and spoken texts. In 2017, an approximately two-kilometer circuit led to the fourteen scenarios.
See also
literature
sorted alphabetically by author
- Birgit Alberts: The Lütetsburger Schloßpark, its origin and development 1790-1813: A plant analysis . In: Die Gartenkunst 10 (1/1998), pp. 59–74.
- Fridrich Arends: Earth description of the principality of East Friesland and the Harlingerland. Wittwe Hyner, Emden 1824, pp. 406-407, Textarchiv - Internet Archive .
- Udo von Alvensleben : The Lütetsburger Chronik. History of a Frisian chief dynasty. Ruhfus, Dortmund 1955. / 2nd, unchanged edition, Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 1988, ISBN 3-89244-005-0 .
- Gerhard Canzler : Lütetsburg Castle. Risius, Weener 2007, ISBN 978-3-88761-105-7 .
- Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The Lütetsburg near the north. In: If stones could talk. Volume II, Landbuch-Verlag, Hanover 1992, ISBN 3-7842-0479-1 , pp. 98-99.
- Wolfgang Kehn: Ethics and Aesthetics - The landscape garden around 1800 as a work of art and as a way of life using the example of Knyphausen's Park in Lütetsburg in East Friesland . In: Die Gartenkunst , 10 (1/1998), pp. 1–58.
- Rainer Schomann (Ed.), Urs Boeck : Park of the Lütetsburg Palace in: Historical Gardens in Lower Saxony, catalog for the state exhibition, opening on June 9, 2000 in the foyer of the Lower Saxony state parliament in Hanover . Hannover, 2000, pp. 144-145.
Web links
- Site of the castle
- Entry by Frank Both zu Lütetsburg in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- The Lütetsburg and the castle park
- Wolfgang Braun: Reconstruction drawing
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Günter Müller: 293 castles and palaces in the Oldenburg-Ostfriesland area. Oldenburg 1977, p. 177 ff.
- ↑ a b c d e Gerhard Canzler: The Knyphausens for 400 years at Lütetsburg Castle. In: Ostfriesischer Kurier of June 4, 1988. Quoted here from: schlosspark-luetetsburg.de: Press review ( memento from March 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on January 5, 2016.
- ^ A b c Claudia Rammin: Lütetsburg Castle - stately home in East Frisia . In: Deutsches Adelsblatt . Edition November 2011. pp. 7–13. Quoted here from schlosspark-luetetsburg.de: Press review ( Memento from March 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ).
- ^ German Foundation for Monument Protection: Lütetsburg Castle Funding Project , viewed on May 22, 2013.
- ↑ State Museum for Art and Cultural History (ed.): Historicism in Northwest Germany. (Accompanying volume to the exhibition of the same name in the museum village of Cloppenburg from June 24 to September 9, 2001) Isensee, Oldenburg 2001, ISBN 3-89598-783-2 , p. 80.
- ↑ Cordula Steffen-Hammes: The palace buildings of the architect Hermann Schaedtler from 1888-1927. A traditional building project in its late phase. Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 1996, p. 299 f.
- ↑ schlosspark-luetetsburg.de: Castle , accessed on May 22, 2013.
- ↑ Norddeutscher Rundfunk: Lust for the North . Video. September 22, 2017, 9'23 to 12'20