Prugg Castle
The Prugg Castle is a city palace in Bruck an der Leitha in Lower Austria.
The castle, which is privately owned by the Harrach family, together with its park and outbuildings, forms a separate cadastral community of Bruck. The castle is not freely accessible while the park is public.
history
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The castle was originally built as a castle to protect against invading Hungarians. The area belonged to a donation from King Heinrich IV in 1074 to the Bishop of Freising . The name Ascherichsbrugge came from Bishop Ascherich, who headed the Archdiocese of Gran around the year 1000 .
After a few changes of ownership, the place and the rule fell to the Babenbergs in 1236 . The former moated castle is first mentioned in a document in 1242. In the immediate vicinity there is a bridge over the Leitha , which was already important under the Romans and formed the imperial border. Therefore, the border castle had great military importance and was never awarded in the Middle Ages. It was only pledged at short notice if there was an urgent need for money. This included, for example, the Kuenringer .
The castle withstood the attacks again and again. Only in 1484 it had to be given up due to a lack of provisions after a six-week siege by the Hungarians. But in 1490 it was again in the possession of Maximilian I. During the first Turkish siege against Sultan Suleyman it had to be given up again.
In 1560 the town and castle were pledged to Baron Leonhard IV von Harrach, who was also the owner of the neighboring Rohrau . In the course of the Thirty Years' War it was completely owned by Count Karl von Harrach . He was Minister Ferdinand II and the father-in-law of his General Wallenstein , who lived here on 25/26. November 1626 met with the First Minister Prince Eggenberg for a conference to negotiate winter quarters, new advertisements, the payment of the troops and the extension of his powers. When Wallenstein fell from grace and was murdered in 1634, his wife Isabella stayed with her mother in Prugg.
With a letter of protection from Kara Mustafa Pascha , the castle was spared during the second Turkish siege in 1683. After the Turkish Wars, the castle was completely rebuilt into a palace. From 1707 to 1711, Aloys Thomas Raimund von Harrach , Land Marshal in Lower Austria, had the older castle in Bruck an der Leitha completely rebuilt by the architect Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt . The artists who worked with Hildebrandt were the sculptors Johann Bendl, Giovanni Battista Passerini from the imperial quarry , Giovanni Stanetti and Joseph Kracker, the plasterers Alberto Camesina and Santino Bussi , the fresco painter Bartolomeo Altomonte . Large orders for the stonemasons in Kaisersteinbruch are documented . The interior was not completed until the 1730s. The castle was further expanded under Count Johann von Harrach in 1792, during which time the fortifications were also razed.
From 1854 to 1858 the castle was given the neo-Gothic Tudor style by the English architect Edward Buckton Lamb (1805–1869). In the middle of the 19th century, the romantic gate and the neo-Gothic house of the park ranger were also built.
In 1945 the castle was heavily looted. However, part of the facility could be secured again.
Prugg Castle is still owned by the Harrach family.
Correspondence between the count and his valet Koch Friedrich
- Vienna, May 4th 1708: Your High Counts Excellenc, Highborn Imperial Count… report on how I left the 30th elapsed month, following your Excellenc's orders, to Bruck, and immediately afterwards the foundation for the New Stock began to build up with which I hope to finish this week. In addition, I hurriedly pick up Jean Luca (Hildebrandt) this week to continue, ... I also wanted 12 bricklayers to stop at the new building, but this cannot be done by counting on every one to process up to 500 bricks, and the loads to bring them to me are sufficient. The imperial stonemasons hold me up with the roofs of the front gate so that the sculptor cannot move his statues, to which I send almost every day.
- Vienna, June 6th, 1708: Highborn Imperial Count, Your Excellenc gracious letter, dated May 30th, I have obediently received and obediently report that I was with Jean Luca zu Bruck yesterday, who made the finished Steiner from Passerini on the Tor has put in place ... the lower floor should rise within 12 days ...
- Vienna, June 23, 1708: Your Excellenc, obediently, report how the New Building is being promoted to some extent ... so everything is ready, every window in its position, right up to the relocation of the Passerini Steiner, after which holidays, as soon as I or he Jean Luca will be able to agree to such transfers.
- Bruck an der Leitha, Sep 13 1709: I, as the undersigned, confess that the remainder of FL 158 for my stonemason work delivered to me by Mr. Johann Andreas Bertram has been paid correctly. Battista Passerini
- Bruck an der Leitha, December 31, 1710: In the directory of the stonemasonry of Paul Kögl, all here in Bruck an der Leitha the reference to the Kayser Steinbröcherische snail stairs in the castle building.
- Bruck an der Leitha, Apr. 30, 1713: What in Your High Countess Excellenc /: titl: / Count Alois Thomas Raimund von Harrach in Dero Schloß nacher Bruck an der Leitha from hard Kayser Steinbrucher Stein made and delivered by me to the end named, As follows: First 4 large Streifstein on the corners, each 15 fl - 60 fl, 325 Schuch 3 inch thick paving slabs in the horse stable, each Schuch 13 kr 70 fl 28 kr total - 130 fl 28 kr. Johann Georg Haresleben .
Harrach Park
The Prugg Castle Park, previously a Renaissance garden, about which nothing has survived, was probably laid out by Hildebrandt himself as a Baroque ornamental and pleasure garden within and northeast outside the fortifications as early as 1707. The Boskette, kitchen gardens and tree gardens stretched as far as the Leitha, and beyond - into today's Burgenland - into a hunting ground. Sidearms of the Leitha River were included and were navigable by boat. Around 1729 the gardens were added by the Bratislava gardener Friedrich Anton Hartung. The gardens were already famous across Europe at that time.
From 1789 the gardens were replaced by a landscape garden designed by Christoph Lübeck . By razing the fortifications, the park could be brought up to the castle. The botanically interested Johann von Harrach had numerous rarities planted, which to this day form the core of the biodiversity. According to records, there were up to 6,000 different types of trees and plants. The park was maintained and cared for by up to 50 gardeners until the First World War . Because of this and as a very early facility, the park is one of the most important landscape gardens in Austria. The entirely wooden park inventory has not been preserved. However, there is a stone pavilion from the time it was built, which still shows two rudimentary reliefs with ancient mythological scenes.
After the grounds were in comparatively poor condition in the middle of the 20th century, the park was gradually restored to its condition from around 1800 from 1999 as part of the EU-funded project The Great Gardens . As one of the most important garden architectural monuments in Austria, the park is a listed building ( No. 10 in the appendix to Section 1, Paragraph 12 of the DMSG and in the list of monuments ).
A large part of the approximately 5½ hectare park was leased by the community and is open to the public. There are also guided tours.
In the meantime, the grounds have also become an important biotope for rare species, with over 50 species of birds breeding here. There are also a number of other endangered animal species and many rare plants, so the park - together with the Alte Leitha and the Leitha down to Gattendorf - forms a part of the European protected area Feuchte Ebene – Leithaauen ( FFH , ESG 20 / AT1220000 , 52 km²).
literature
in alphabetical order
- Helmuth Furch : Gräfl. Harrachsche Archives and the Kaiser Quarry. Communications 1995. ISBN 978-3-9504555-3-3 . ( pdf , ribera-philosophie.at)
- Christa Harlander: Prugg Castle: from the (fort) castle to the residential palace. Dissertation . University of Vienna, 2012. (Abstract and download at: othes.univie.ac.at )
- Mark Laird: Assesment of the Management Plan for the Landscape Garden Prugg: Brugg an der Leitha . In: Die Gartenkunst 3 (2/1991), pp. 201–206.
- Michaela Schober: New finds on the history of the castle park in Bruck an der Leitha . In: Die Gartenkunst 3 (2/1991), pp. 195-200.
Web links
- Entry via Bruck / Leitha - Prugg Castle to Burgen-Austria
- Schloss Prugg & Harrachpark on Evidence of Past, eop.co.at
Individual evidence
- ↑ Golo Mann : Wallenstein. His life , Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main 2016 (first 1971), p. 423 ff.
- ↑ a b c d e f Eva Berger: Historic Gardens of Austria: Gardens and parks from the Renaissance to around 1930 . tape 1 : Lower Austria, Burgenland . Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2002, ISBN 3-205-99352-7 , Bruck an der Leitha, Schloßpark , p. 139 ff . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Harrach Park. ( Memento of the original from November 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. naturimgarten.at, accessed November 25, 2015.
- ↑ a b Harrach Park. diegrossengaerten.at, accessed November 25, 2015.
- ↑ a b Weblink Burgen-Austria , accessed November 25, 2015.
- ↑ cf. Press conference on 8 years of the park network “The Great Gardens” - May 7, 2007, Harrachpark, Bruck an der Leitha. diegrossengaerten.at
- ↑ Harrach Park Experience Harrach Park Experience. Entry in bergfex.at, accessed November 25, 2015.
- ↑ Harrach Park Bruck / Leitha. No. 6 Nature & garden experiences in the Römerland Carnuntum-Marchfeld region, donau.com, accessed November 25, 2015.
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Coordinates: 48 ° 1 ′ 29 ″ N , 16 ° 47 ′ 6 ″ E