Scale-throated shadow hummingbird

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Scale-throated shadow hummingbird
Scale-throated shadow hummingbird

Scale-throated shadow hummingbird

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Subfamily : Hermits (Phaethornithinae)
Genre : Shadow hummingbirds ( Phaethornis )
Type : Scale-throated shadow hummingbird
Scientific name
Phaethornis eurynomials
( Lesson, RP , 1832)

The shed throated shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis eurynome ) or shed throated hummingbird is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) found in Brazil , Paraguay and Argentina . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The shed-throated shadow hummingbird reaches a body length of about 14.0 to 14.5 cm, with a weight of the males of about 4.6 to 6.0 g and the females 4.5 g. The top of the head is black-brown, the nape feathers lined with red-brown. The top and the wing covers are bronze-green, with all feathers having ocher-colored edges. The over-eye stripe is light ocher, the beard stripe is a little lighter. The blackish throat feathers have ocher-colored hems, which makes them look scaly. The underside is gray, the belly and the under tail-coverts ocher. The wings are blackish purple. The golden-green tail feathers have a wide subterminal band and white wide hems on the outer flags. The central control springs have a long white tip. The upper bill is black, the lower bill yellow with a black tip. The feet are brown. The female has shorter wings and a slightly more curved beak.

Behavior and nutrition

The shed Kehl-Hermit takes its nectar of flowering plants of the genera Helikonien , Centropogon , Costus , Neoregelia , Nidularium , Sinningia , Siphocampylus , impatiens , Besleria , passion flower , Quesnelia , Tillandsien , vriesea , Aechmea , Canistrum , alstroemeria , sage , Dahlstedtia , Nematanthus , Jacobinia , Manettia and other plants. As a trapliner, it flies regularly in quick succession to very specific, scattered flowers. It also feeds on small arthropods .

Reproduction

The breeding season in Brazil is from September to March. The long, cone-shaped nest made of plant material and cobwebs is attached to the inner tips of palm leaves. The bird uses ferns and heliconias for construction. The nests are approx. 105 mm high. The outer radius is approx. 65 mm, the inner radius approx. 22 mm and the inside is 10 mm deep. The nest is often covered with red lichen of the Spiloma roseum species . Due to the warmth of the brood, the lichen escapes a peculiar dye that colors both the eggs and the belly of the breeding hummingbird pink. In the Serra do Caraça and in the Paranapiacaba district , Rolf Grantsau therefore observed specimens with both typical and pink coloring. The clutch consists of two eggs that weigh approx. 0.75 g and are approx. 17.0 × 10.5 mm in size. The incubation period is approx. 17 days. The nestlings fledge after 22 to 23 days.

Vocalizations

The singing consists of constantly continuing phrases. A phrase can vary considerably, but typically consists of two to four tones, such as tsi-tsi-TSII .... TSII .. or tsi-tsu-tsu-TSII ... tsi tsiii ... sound. The call also includes a moody tsu and a rather excited tsi .

distribution and habitat

Distribution area (green) of the long-throated shadow hummingbird

The shed-throated shadow hummingbird prefers the undergrowth of lowland and mountain rainforests, especially in the southwestern distribution area, moist areas in deciduous forests and old secondary vegetation. It is found relatively often in the mountain regions. Reports exist from altitudes between 100 and 2250 meters. They are found in the coastal forests of southeastern Brazil from Espírito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul and the forest areas of Minas Gerais .

Subspecies

So far, two subspecies are known:

  • Phaethornis eurynome eurynome ( Lesson, RP , 1832) occurs in southeastern Brazil.
  • Phaethornis eurynome paraguayensis Bertoni, M & Bertoni, AW , 1901 is widespread in eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. The subspecies is significantly smaller than the nominate form.

In Phaethornis nigrirostris Ruschi , 1973 is synonymous to nominate. In Phaethornis Eurynome pinheiroi Ruschi , 1965 is a pink colored specimen of the nominate. Also Trochilus melanotis ( Nordmann , 1835) is a synonym to nominate.

migration

The migration behavior of the shed throated shadow hummingbird has not yet been researched. But it is assumed that he is a resident .

Etymology and history of research

Scale throated shadow hummingbird illustrated by Jean-Gabriel Prêtre as part of the first description

The first description of the shed throated shadow hummingbird was in 1832 by René Primevère Lesson under the scientific name Trochilus eurynome . The type specimens Lesson had received from Antoine Germain Bevalet (1779-1850) and François Gouÿe de Longuemare (1792-1866). They were from Brazil. In 1827 William Swainson introduced the genus Phaethornis for the Eastern long-tailed shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis superciliosus ( Linnaeus , 1766)). The term “Phaethornis” is derived from the Greek words “phaethōn Φαέθων ” for “the shining one, the shining one” and “órnis όρνις ” for “bird”. The species name »eurynome« refers to the Eurynome , daughter of Oceanus and Thetys . "Paraguayensis" refers to the country of Paraguay. "Nigrirostris" is a Latin word formation from "niger" for "black" and "-rostris, rostrum" for "-beaked, beak". »Pinheiroi« is dedicated to Israel Pinheiro da Silva (1896–1973). "Melanotis" is derived from the Greek words "melas, melanos μελας, μελανος " for "black" and "-ōtis, oys, ōtos -ωτις, ους, ωτος " for "-eared, ear".

literature

  • Christoph Hinkelmann , Guy Maxwell Kirwan , Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Scale-throated Hermit (Phaethornis eurynome) In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • Rolf Grantsau: The hummingbirds of Brazil . Expressão e Cultura, Rio de Janeiro 1988, ISBN 978-85-208-0101-7 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • René-Primevère Lesson: Les trochilidées ou Les colibris et les oiseaux-mouches: suivis d'un index général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre trochilus . Delivery 1. A. Bertrand, Paris ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1832–1833).
  • Moisés Santiago Bertoni, Arnaldo de Winkelried Bertoni: Aves nuevas del Paraguay. Continuación á Azara . In: Anales cientificos paraguayos . tape 1 , 1901, p. 1-216 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Augusto Ruschi: Um novo representante de Phaethornis da região de Santa Bárbara, no Estado de Minasa Gerais (Trochilidae - Aves) . In: Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão . No. 24 , 1965, pp. 1–2 ( boletim.sambio.org.br [PDF; 58 kB ]).
  • Augusto Ruschi: Uma nova espécie de beija-flor do Espírito Santo (Phaethornis nigrirostris) . In: Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão . No. 36 , 1973, pp. 1–3 ( boletim.sambio.org.br [PDF; 390 kB ]).
  • William Swainson: A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, FLS and HS and Mr. William Bullock, jun. In: The Philosophical magazine: or Annals of chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, natural history and general science . tape 1 , no. 85 , 1827, pp. 433-442 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Alexander von Nordmann in Georg Adolf Erman: Chapter I. Birds, II. Mammals, III. Amphibians, IV.Fishes in voyage around the earth through North Asia and the two oceans, in the years 1826, 1829 and 1830 . Natural history atlas. G. Reimer, Berlin 1835, p. 1-26 ( gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de ).
  • Edward Clive Dickinson, Leslie K. Overstreet, Robert Jack Dowsett, Murray Duncan Bruce: Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology . Aves Press Limited, Northampton 2012, ISBN 978-0-9568611-1-5 .

Web links

Commons : Scalloped shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis eurynome )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d e f g Christoph Hinkelmann u. a.
  2. a b c d Rolf Grantsau, p. 38.
  3. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  4. a b c René Primevère Lesson, p. 91, plate 31.
  5. ^ A b Moisés Santiago Bertoni u. a., p. 54
  6. Augusto Ruschi (1973), pp. 1ff.
  7. a b Augusto Ruschi (1965), p. 1ff.
  8. Alexander von Nordmann (1835), p. 2, entry 17.
  9. René Primevère Lesson, p. 93.
  10. ^ William Swainson, p. 441.
  11. James A. Jobling, p. 301
  12. James A. Jobling, p. 271
  13. James A. Jobling, p. 248

Remarks

  1. For the history of the publication see Edward Clive Dickinson u. a. Pp. 120-121.