Schwarzsee (Arosa)
| Schwarzsee moorland | ||
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| Geographical location | Arosa ( Schanfigg , Canton of Graubünden , Switzerland ) | |
| Drain | Schwarzseebach to the Plessur | |
| Places on the shore | Arosa | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 771 743 / 183 948 | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 1725 m above sea level M. | |
| Maximum depth | 3.6 m | |
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particularities |
Protected moorland |
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The Schwarzsee area is a protected raised and flat moor located at 1725 m in Arosa in the Swiss canton of Graubünden .
Location and description
The Schwarzsee lies around 400 m east of the Obersee at the lower end of the Arosa village area, a few meters north of the Paradies apartment house and immediately west of the Schanfiggerstrasse , which the Schwarzseebach crosses at 1719. Nestled in a dense spruce forest , the trough-shaped moorland is only visible from a few places. The water balance is partly regulated underground. The sparse inflow mainly carries water when the snowmelts, but it often dries up towards autumn. By filling in and silting up area, shape and depth of the lake has changed constantly and turns today. In cooperation with the Chur Citizens' Council , the Chur Forestry Office and the local association for local history and nature conservation, the area was declared a total reserve by the municipality of Arosa in 1945 (with confirmation from the Bündner Small Council in 1966) and in 1989 it was included in the federal inventory of high moors of national importance .
Flora and fauna
flora
The area at the Schwarzsee has an extremely remarkable moor flora and is therefore considered the "Botanical Pearl of Arosa". There - as remnants of a formerly richer, Nordic flora - there are several flat moor and raised bog communities in a small area, which represent different stages of a belt-shaped sea siltation. The Caricetum limosae ( mud sedge society ), the Sphagnetum mix, follow from the bank . ( Peat moss society , which excludes any tree vegetation) and the Eriophoro-Trichorphoretum caespitosi ( rush society ). Quite a number of plants are nowhere to be found outside this sphagnum association.
Sedge species
Around a dozen, partly inconspicuous but rare Carex ( sedges ) grow in the Black Sea area :
- Arm-flowered sedge ( Carex pauciflora )
- Little awn sedge ( Carex microglochin )
- Wire sedge ( Carex diandra )
- Dioecious sedge ( Carex dioica )
- Hairy sedge ( Carex capillaris )
- Hedgehog sedge ( Carex echinata )
- Prickly sedge ( Carex mucronata )
- Brown sedge ( Carex nigra )
- Yellow sedge ( Carex flava )
- Mud sedge ( Carex limosa )
- Beaked sedge ( Carex rostrata )
Flowering plants
Among the rare flowering plants at Schwarzsee are rosemary heather , cranberry ( Oxycoccus palustris ), moss bell , various orchids ( Dactylorhiza traunsteineri ) and round-leaved sundew ( Drosera rotundifolia ). The leaves of this insectivorous bog plant have red, stalked, irritable and flexible digestive glands ( tentacles ), which first secrete sticky mucus, then pour out a protein-dissolving digestive enzyme over trapped insects and later suck it back together with the dissolved matter. Further rarities, at least in view of the altitude of over 1700 m , are for example the rush ( Scheuchzeria palustris ) and the fever clover ( Menyanthes trifoliata ).
Mushrooms
Representatives of the mushroom species are mainly the peat-dwelling circle and the hidden circle . The latter species is so far only known from Arosa and was only published in 1966 by the local mushroom researcher Ernst Rahm . Monilinia megalospora , a cup fungus on mummified bog berries, Monilinia urnula on mummified fruits of the lingonberry and the hairless, peat-dwelling tongue of earth forma sphagnophilum also grow on site .
fauna
In 1918, the civil parish of the city of Chur agreed to lease the Schwarzsee to the Arosa fishing association for the purpose of attempting to release tench . The tench is still native here today. The moorland is also an ideal biotope for various dragonflies and other insect species. From the group of arachnids , the wolf spider species Trochosa spinipalpis should also be mentioned, which can be found on the shore of the lake. This species has not been found anywhere else in Graubünden.
history
In the course of the planning of the Arosa Railway at the beginning of the 20th century, not only was the definition of the route hotly controversial for a long time, but also the location of the Arosa train station : in addition to Hof Arosa , Obersee, Untersee and Hubelschulhaus , the Schwarzsee was also considered. In the end, however, it was out of the question as the end of the line, as the local population believed it was too far from the village center and was sometimes exposed to winter storms. A separation into a passenger station behind the English Church on Obersee and a freight station on Schwarzsee was considered too complicated by the experts. The realization of such a facility would probably have destroyed the unique biotope permanently. Shortly afterwards, two buildings - a coppersmith's shop and a bricklayer's accommodation - were built on the southern shore of the Schwarzsee, but fortunately this only had a minor impact on the natural surroundings. A fire in the Schwarzsee area on May 12, 2015 was brought under control by the fire brigade and was largely unscathed.
The legend of the reasonless Schwarzsee
According to an old legend, a bull once fell into the Schwarzsee. He carried a bell and could no longer get out of the water by himself; when he wanted to step onto the bank with his hooves, it shrank back. Eventually the exhausted animal drowned. Many years later a farmer from Arosa went to Davos Frauenkirch on foot . On the way he found the bull's bell in a stream. He could make out the name of the previous owner on the bell. The farmer said: "Yes, the bull that drowned in the black lake carried this bell. I know it. The bell came to the fore in the brook, because the Schwarzsee has no bottom".
swell
- Ernst Rahm: The Arosa Lakes, Arosa printing house, Arosa 1982, pp. 6-8.
- Hans Danuser : Arosa - as it was then (1979-1995), vol. 6, self-published by Danuser, Arosa 2002, p. 161.
- Hans Danuser: Arosa - as it was then (1907-1928), Vol. 2, self-published by Danuser, Arosa 1998, p. 59 f.
- J. B. Casty: Arosa - From the local history of the world-famous health resort, Verlag Kur- und Verkehrsverein Arosa, Arosa 1959/60, pp. 24, 30.
- Fritz Maron: From mountain farming village to world health resort Arosa, Verlag F. Schuler, Chur 1934, p. 113.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Aroser Zeitung of May 22, 2015, p. 4 f.
- ↑ Hans Danuser: Arosa place and field names with inclusion of the Welschtobel and some border areas of neighboring communities, self-published Danuser, Arosa 2011, ISBN 3-905342-49-9 , p. 122.
