Świecko
| Świecko | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lebus | ||
| Powiat : | Słubicki | ||
| Geographic location : | 52 ° 18 ' N , 14 ° 36' E | ||
| Residents : | 193 (2006) | ||
| Postal code : | 69-105 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 95 | ||
| License plate : | FSL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | E 30 Berlin - Warsaw | ||
| Next international airport : |
Poznań-Ławica Berlin |
||
Świecko ( German Schwetig ) is a village in the Polish Lebus Voivodeship . It belongs to the municipality of Słubice ( dam suburb ).
geography
The place is located in the Mark Brandenburg on the right bank of the Oder at the mouth of the Eilang , about six kilometers south of Słubice ( Dammvorstadt ), 66 kilometers southwest of Gorzów Wielkopolski ( Landsberg an der Warthe ) and 75 kilometers northwest of Zielona Góra ( Grünberg in Silesia ) .
history
In 1354 the municipal authorities of the city of Frankfurt (Oder) bought the village called Sweyt at the time from its owners Nicolaus and Hermann von Lossow and added it to the property communities of the city treasury. With the purchase, Frankfurt acquired a settlement with 12 hoofs area, 17 farmers, ten with half a hoof each, the remaining seven with one hoof land each, and six cottages . The rural Feldmark had a total area of 2810 acres. Since the city of Frankfurt on the right bank of the Oder also owned the four neighboring villages of Kunersdorf , Kunitz , Reipzig and Trettin and the five villages together had the property of a manor , the city council was entitled to a seat of knighthood in the state parliament.
In 1477 an army under Hans von Sagan passed through the village and plundered it. In 1516 there were only six farmers left, but 13 cottagers. In 1651 there was a school in town.
In 1759, during the Seven Years' War , Schwetig was burned down by the Russian army in 1759 during the Battle of Kunersdorf . Only the forge survived the fire. In 1763 Mattig became a village mayor . With a brief interruption, this office remained in the hands of this family until 1852. If you compare the situation with the other council villages in Frankfurt, this is very unusual. Since the 18th century in particular, the Schulzen changed frequently, as the position became increasingly unattractive due to fewer privileges. Only Trettin , which also belongs to Frankfurt , was able to show a similar consistency. In 1785 the village had 18 farmers, 13 cottagers, nine householders, a shepherd, three shepherds, a blacksmith, a forester and a schoolmaster. In November 1806 the place was occupied by the French army, and the residents had to provide shelter and care for soldiers. In 1820 there were 50 residential and 60 farm houses as well as a mill. In 1838 a trade table for the village listed three residents , eight full farmers, ten half-farmers, 13 cottagers, eleven Büdner , 14 old-seaters and three shepherds.
On June 13, 1855, a major fire destroyed 20 houses, 16 barns, 31 stables and three sheds. In 1873 the village came to the Weststernberg district as part of an administrative reform . In 1914, an inspection report noted that the school was sufficient for needs , but based on knowledge of the financial situation and the situation of the schools in the area, it can be assumed that the equipment was very limited. In 1929 the school received a radio system for classroom use.
In the district elections on November 30, 1925, 152 people in Schwetig voted for the SPD , seven for the Central Block , 142 for the Brandenburg home list and nine for the NSDAP . The KPD received no votes. In the Reichstag elections of July 31, 1932 , 129 voted for the SPD, 71 for the KPD, one for the center, 21 for the DNVP and 137 for the NSDAP .
During the Second World War , the Oderblick labor education camp for Poles, Belgians, French, Bulgarians, Dutch, Yugoslavs, Russians, Ukrainians and Italians was established near Schwetig in October 1940 . The camp at the site of the former workers' camp for the construction of the motorway was built for 400 prisoners and was under the Gestapo control center in Frankfurt (Oder). Camp commandant was SS-Obersturmführer Schneider , deputy camp commandant SS-Stabsscharführer Willi Dietrich . Since the camp was also used as an extended prison , there was a women's section in which German women were held. Her treatment was better than that of the other inmates. At the end of 1941 typhus broke out and the camp was completely isolated until May 7, 1942. The liquidation of the camp began on January 30, 1945, when 1,600 prisoners were sent on a death march to Sachsenhausen concentration camp . How many survived the march is not known. On January 31, 1945, about 70 sick prisoners were locked in the sick barrack and burned here. The other barracks were also burned, and probably all the documents relating to the camp as well.
Schwetig belonged to the district Weststernberg , Regierungsbezirk Frankfurt in, Prussian province of Brandenburg of the German Reich .
At the end of the Second World War, on February 2, 1945, the residents of Schwetig fled towards Frankfurt from the approaching Red Army . On February 3, the 77th Rifle Division of the Soviet 69th Army took the place without a fight. After the end of the war, the region east of the Oder-Neisse line was placed under Polish administration. The immigration of Polish civilians began. The locals who had fled were prevented from returning by Polish militiamen. The German town of Schwetig was renamed Świecko . In 1977 a memorial for the victims of the labor camp was built.
Demographics
| year | population | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1819 | 212 | |
| 1831 | 410 | |
| 1867 | 598 | on December 3rd |
| 1871 | 615 | on December 1st, including 614 Evangelicals and one Catholic |
| 1910 | 596 | |
| 1933 | 613 | |
| 1936 | 621 | |
| 1939 | 624 |
Parish
The Protestant population of the village of Schwetig was parish in the neighboring village of Reipzig until 1945 .
traffic
Not far from the village is the important motorway border crossing Frankfurt (Oder) -Schwetig (Świecko) on Polish territory . This is the largest and most frequented border crossing between Germany and Poland. There are three control lanes for trucks, one for buses and three for cars. A maximum of four lanes for trucks, one bus lane and three lanes for cars have been set up for the exit. The border crossing is on the direct connection Berlin – Warsaw – Moscow. Since Poland joined Schengen at the end of 2007, the former buildings of the border clearance facility have housed the German-Polish Police and Customs Center, whose tasks consist of coordinating the cooperation between the security authorities of both countries in the border area on both sides. In the vicinity of the village runs the national road 29 from Słubice to Zielona Góra and the former railway line from Kunowice to Cybinka , which was last used for freight traffic.
literature
- Hermann Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz , Volume 3, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 326-332 ( online ).
- Manfred Kalweit: The Frankfurt Ratsdörfer east of the Oder. In: Historischer Verein zu Frankfurt (Oder) e. V. - Notifications. H. 2, 1997, ZDB -ID 1293381-8 , pp. 2-26.
Web links
- Gerhard Hoffmann: Oderblick - the forgotten camp Word document
- WSWS: The history of the former Gestapo camp "Oderblick" in Schwetig / Swiecko
Footnotes
- ^ A b Hermann Berghaus : Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg und des Markgrafthums Nieder-Lausitz , Volume 3, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 331–332 ( online ).
- ^ Hermann Berghaus , ibid, p. 326 ( online ).
- ^ Kalweit, Manfred, 1997, p. 18.
- ↑ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Potsdam, Rep. 3 B. Reg. Frankfurt (Oder), Schwetig School System, No. 2090, here based on Kalweit, 1997, p. 15.
- ^ Kalweit, Manfred, 1997, p. 25.
- ^ Kalweit, Manfred, 1997, p. 26.
- ^ Joachim Schneider, The deployment of the Red Arms in front of the Frankfurt Dammvorstadt in February 1945. In: Historischer Verein zu Frankfurt (Oder) e. V. - Notifications. H. 2, 2002, ZDB -ID 1293381-8 , p. 17.
- ↑ a b c Manfred Kalweit: The Frankfurt Ratsdörfer east of the Oder. In: Historischer Verein zu Frankfurt (Oder) e. V. - Notifications. H. 2, 1997, ZDB -ID 1293381-8 , p. 26.
- ↑ a b Royal Statistical Bureau: The communities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part II: Province of Brandenburg , Berlin 1873, pp. 168–169, No. 53 ( online ).
- ↑ www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de .
- ↑ a b M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)