Kunowice
| Kunowice | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lebus | ||
| Powiat : | Slubice | ||
| Gmina : | Slubice | ||
| Geographic location : | 52 ° 21 ' N , 14 ° 38' E | ||
| Residents : | 530 (1998) | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 95 | ||
| License plate : | FSL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ośno Lubuskie - Slubice | ||
| Rail route : | Frankfurt (Oder) –Posen | ||
| Next international airport : | Poses | ||
| Berlin Schoenefeld | |||
Kunowice ( German Kunersdorf , formerly Cunersdorf ) is a village in the Polish Lebus Voivodeship . It is assigned to the municipality of Słubice ( Dammvorstadt , until 1945 district of Frankfurt ).
The village gained notoriety through the battle of Kunersdorf .
Geographical location
The village is located in the Mark Brandenburg east of Frankfurt (Oder) on the right side of the Oder , about five kilometers east of the former Dammvorstadt district of Frankfurt. The village lies on the heights of the Oder Valley, its agricultural field marrow partly on the heights, partly in the lowlands.
history
The village was first mentioned in a document in 1337. Kunersdorf was probably founded under German law and also by Germans. The church was probably built from granite boulders as early as the 13th century . In 1372 there was already a Schulzengericht. Since 1399 Kunersdorf was owned by the Frankfurt (Oder) treasury . The town bought the village with 40 Hufen of land and a water mill or two from Margrave Jobst of Moravia . At that time, there was a Lehnschulze , 14 farmers, one of whom was a Kruger , and six Kossäts . Four Hufen in the country belonged to the parish church , six to Schulzen and 34 to the farmers.
Since the city of Frankfurt on the right bank of the Oder also owned the four neighboring villages of Schwetig , Kunitz , Reipzig and Trettin and the five villages together had the property of a manor , the Frankfurt city council was entitled to a seat of knighthood in the state parliament.
An army under Hans von Sagan and Crossen marched through the country on the way to Frankfurt (Oder) in October 1477 and plundered the village.
In 1622, a seven-Hufen extensive Vorwerk is mentioned. A farm that still existed around the middle of the 19th century and was merged with the Rote Vorwerk was called Grundschäferei; it was leased to a member of the Rex family .
Between 1631 and 1644 Swedish and imperial troops alternately occupied the area. For the village, mercenaries on both sides meant cash payments, looting and pillage. The last Schulze in the village died in 1694 and Frankfurt was thus entitled to incorporate the Schulzenamt and therefore set up a Setzschulzen instead. The Schulzen's six hooves went over to the Vorwerk.
On August 1, 1759 the village was occupied by the Russians as a result of the Seven Years' War and cremated by them on August 11, only the church founded in the 13th century was spared. On August 12th the battle of Kunersdorf broke out , from which the coalition of Russians and Austrians emerged victorious. In 1768 the duties of Schulzen were transferred to the tenant of the Vorwerk. A year later the Vorwerk was converted into a long lease and Johann George Jahn became the first tenant. In 1785 there was a Vorwerk with a sheep farm, a water mill, a sub- forestry , a jug, a blacksmith and a church with a parish and sexton's shop in Kunersdorf . The village area at that time was 5,023 acres and 19 square rods .
In 1785, eleven farmers, twelve cossets , six householders, two residents, two shepherds , three shepherds , a blacksmith , a forester , a preacher and a sexton lived in Kunersdorf . In 1799 the church was rebuilt.
The French army that invaded the area in 1806 put additional burdens on the village. The Schulze and the tenant of the Vorwerk had fled the village before, so Pastor Kriele temporarily managed the tasks. Since the place was on the main route to the east, soldiers had to be quartered regularly and cared for accordingly. In 1861 Frankfurt sold part of the village forest to the military treasury, who had a parade ground built there. In 1873 the village was incorporated into the Weststernberg district. At the beginning of the 20th century the village was still a farming village with few craftsmen and no industry. On September 1, 1907, a railway line was opened from Kunersdorf to Ziebingen , which had stops in Pulverkrug , near Reipzig , Kunitz , Aurith and Sandow . The railway was primarily intended for transporting goods, but also for passenger transport. In the following years a brickworks , three sawmills , the machine production Theodor Languda, the bicycle locksmith Otto Strehl , the cartwright Weiche and Roddelkopf as well as the construction companies Schulz and Protsch developed . In the district election on November 30, 1925, 193 residents voted for the SPD, 75 for the KPD, 28 for the Central Block , 229 for the Brandenburg home list and 15 for the NSDAP. For the Reichstag election on July 31, 1932 , 135 elected the SPD, 26 the KPD, 7 Zentrum , 24 the DNVP and 328 the NSDAP.
Kunersdorf belonged to the district of Weststernberg , administrative district of Frankfurt , in the Prussian province of Brandenburg of the German Empire .
At the end of the Second World War , at the beginning of February 1945, heavy fighting broke out around the village between the Red Army and the Wehrmacht . On February 3rd at 8:00 p.m. the village was shelled by Soviet artillery and then attacked with tanks and infantry. The tank attacks could be repulsed by the Jagdpanzer Hetzer ( Jagdpanzer 38 (t) ) of the Panzer Grenadier Regiment "Kurmark" . The Soviet infantry, however, managed to get stuck in some houses. On February 6, Kunersdorf was completely captured by Soviet troops. The church was also destroyed at this time.
After the end of the war, Kunersdorf was placed under Polish administration together with other German areas east of the Oder-Neisse line . The immigration of Polish migrants began. The local villagers who had fled were refused to return to their village by Polish militiamen. The German town of Kunersdorf was renamed Kunowice .
The Kunowice station was after the Second World War, one of the main border stations to the west. In 1975 the village was assigned to the newly formed Gorzów Voivodeship . After its dissolution, the place has been part of the Lubusz Voivodeship since 1999.
Demographics
| year | Population on December 1st | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1811 | 325 | |
| 1831 | 417 | |
| 1867 | 748 | on December 3rd |
| 1871 | 738 | on December 1st, of which 731 Protestants, seven Catholics |
| 1910 | 922 | |
| 1933 | 1072 | |
| 1936 | 1312 | |
| 1939 | 1370 | |
| 1998 | 530 |
Culture and sights
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A memorial on the occasion of the rescue of Frederick the Great was on the Mühlenberg . The king stayed there on August 12, 1759 during that "Battle of Kunersdorf" of the Seven Years' War. Rittmeister von Prittwitz brought the king out of danger and to safety. This scene was depicted in the relief on the memorial, which was crowned by an eagle. The von Prittwitz family and the Historical Association in Frankfurt were the initiators of the monument, which was inaugurated on August 22, 1909. The inscription was where Frederick the Great stayed during the battle on August 12th, 1759 . The eagle and one of the plaques on the monument were destroyed as early as 1918. The monument is no longer in Kunowice today.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Paul Matting (1859–1935), politician, member of the Prussian manor house, Lord Mayor of Breslau
- Kurt von Schleinitz (1859–1928), major general
- Friedrich Hüffmeier (1898–1972), Vice Admiral in World War II and fortress commander of the Channel Islands
literature
- Hermann Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz , Volume 3, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 326-332 ( online ).
- Werner Benecke , Grzegorz Podruczny (Ed.): Kunersdorf 1759. Kunowice 2009. Studies on a European legend . Logos Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 3-8325-2504-1 .
- Manfred Kalweit: The Frankfurt Ratsdörfer east of the Oder . In: Communications of the historical association to Frankfurt (Oder) eV 1997, Issue 2, ZDB -ID 560033-9 , pp. 2–26.
Web links
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Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Hermann Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz , Volume 3, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 329-330 ( online ).
- ↑ The information from Kalweit, Manfred, 1997, p. 4 and p. 6 contradict one another here
- ^ Hermann Berghaus , ibid, p. 326 ( online ).
- ^ Joachim Schneider: The deployment of the Red Arms in front of the Frankfurt Dammvorstadt in February 1945 . In: Announcements of the historical association to Frankfurt (Oder) eV 2002, issue 2, p. 13
- ↑ a b c Manfred Kalweit: The Frankfurt Ratsdörfer east of the Oder. In: Historischer Verein zu Frankfurt (Oder) e. V. - Notifications. H. 2, 1997, ZDB -ID 1293381-8 , p. 26.
- ↑ a b Royal Statistical Bureau: The communities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part II: Province of Brandenburg , Berlin 1873, pp. 166–167, No. 30 ( online ).
- ↑ www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de .
- ↑ a b M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
- ↑ Bernhard Klemm: Frankfurt Monument History - told based on the fate of individual monuments . In: Announcements of the historical association to Frankfurt (Oder) eV 1997, issue 1, p. 13