Sinaida Grigoryevna Morozova

Sinaida Grigoryevna Morozova

Zinaida Morozova Grigoryevna born Sinowija Grigoryevna Simina , ( Russian Зинаида Григорьевна Морозова , maiden name Russian Зиновия Григорьевна Зимина * 1867 in Orekhovo-Zuyevo , † 1. September 1947 in Ilyinskoye in Moscow ) was a Russian Salonnière and benefactress .

Life

Zinovia Grigoryevna came from an old-believing merchant family . Her grandfather, Yefim Stepanowitsch Simin, was a merchant of the 2nd guild in Pavlovsky Posad , who was accepted into the 2nd guild of Moscow merchants in 1866 as an extra-urban entrepreneur . Her father, Grigory Efimovich Simin, inherited the family weaving and dyeing works . The impresario Sergei Ivanovich Simin was her uncle.

Zinovia Grigoryevna received a home education and was passionate about music and theater . At the age of seventeen she married Sergei Wikulowitsch Morosow (1860–1921), son of the manufactory owner Wikula Yelissejewitsch Morosow, who was a member of the priestless Old Believers. The marriage was not happy in that Morosow was not up to his wife due to his weak character. In 1887 Morosowa divorced him.

Morosowa Villa, Spiridonowka 17, Moscow

Morosova had already met her husband's second uncle Sawwa Timofejewitsch Morosow at their wedding at that time . The relationship led to a pregnancy a year and a half after her divorce, so that, despite the indignation of the old-believing relatives, she married Sawwa Morosow for the second time in 1888. He gave her a house in which they lived separately from their relatives. She surrounded herself with French and English teachers and quickly became an educated woman. She took part in public life and attended concerts . At the All-Russian Industrial and Crafts Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod in 1896 , her train was longer than that of Empress Alexandra Feodorown , which was against etiquette . At the beginning of the 1890s, Sawwa Morosow bought the villa on Spiridonowka for her and had it converted by Fyodor Ossipowitsch Schechtel according to her wishes . Her salon was well known in Moscow and was frequented by artists and writers as well as aristocrats , while her husband only took care of his business. On their country estate Pokrovskoe-Rubzowo in Zvenigorod invited repeatedly theater people, and in particular was Anton Chekhov with his wife as a guest.

In 1905 rumors of Sawwa Morozov's madness spread in Moscow. At the urging Zinaida Morozova and friend of Savva Morozov actress Maria Fyodorovna Andreyeva who came neuropathologist Grigori Ivanovich Rossolimo and the doctors II Seliwanowski and Fyodor Alexandrovich Grinewski which seriously generally at Savva Morozov nervous breakdown with excessive agitation, anxiety, insomnia and depression discovered. Then Morosowa went with her sick husband and the doctor Seliwanowski for treatment first to Berlin and then to Cannes to relax . A few days after arriving, she found her husband with a fatal gunshot wound in what was considered suicide . Morozov was buried in Moscow in the Rogozhskoye Cemetery. According to his will , she inherited most of his fortune, so that she became the owner of factories and mines in the Urals and extensive estates in the governorates of Vladimir and Moscow . She had four children with Sawwa Morosow. Prince Pyotr Dmitrievich Dolgorukov invited the rich widow to join the Cadet Party , which she refused because of their financial expectations.

Gorky Manor

In 1907 Morosova married the one year younger noble major general of the imperial suite Anatoly Anatoljewitsch Rheinbott . In 1909 she sold her house on Spiridonowka to the banker Mikhail Pavlovich Rjabuschinski and acquired the manor and estate Gorki . The house was renovated by Schechtel and converted according to their wishes. It got a winter garden and a large summer terrace. She decorated the house with precious furniture and Meissen porcelain . Paintings by Ivan Kuzmich Makarov , Valentin Alexandrovich Serov , Isaak Ilyich Levitan and others hung on the walls . The buildings were equipped with steam heating , electricity and water pipes . She handed the estate over to her eldest son Timofei (1888–1921).

In 1911 Rheinbott was accused of embezzling state money. Thanks to the lawyers Nikolai Platonowitsch Karabtschewski and Konstantin Alexandrowitsch Minjatow commissioned by Morosova, the process ended lightly. In May 1912, Rheinbott applied to the Moscow Nobility Assembly for his wife to be admitted to the hereditary nobility. When at the beginning of the First World War many had their German names Russified and Rheinbott got the name of his grandmother Reswoi, Morosowa was given the right to use the family name Reswaja. In 1916 Morosowa separated from Reswoi.

Morosowa had devoted much effort and money to charity . She has hosted charity concerts, receptions, and bazaars, and served on charity committees. In 1913 the ST Morosow house with cheap apartments was built at their expense. During the First World War, she collected donations for the wounded.

After the October Revolution , the Morosow property was nationalized. She tried in vain to get her estate Gorky back, and she was even threatened with arrest. Her eldest son Timofei was shot by Bolsheviks in Rostov-on-Don in 1921 . Morosowa lived in Moscow until 1924 and then in the village of Ilyinskoye near Moscow. She earned her livelihood by selling remaining pieces of jewelry and items from her personal belongings. Thanks to the support of Vladimir Ivanovich Nemirowitsch-Danchenko , she received a pension of 120 rubles in 1930 due to Savva Morozov's contribution to the establishment of the Moscow Art Theater , in which she was involved. She died in Ilyinskoye and was buried there. She was later transferred to the Morozov family crypt in Moscow's Rogozhskoye Cemetery.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} С.В. Давиденко: Последняя хозяйка Горок - Штрихи к портрету Зинаиды Григорьевны Морозовой (accessed December 31, 2018).
2. ↑ ^{a b} Permski Krai: Морозова-Рейнбот (Резвая) (урожд. Зимина) Зинаида Григорьевна (accessed December 31, 2018).
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Линия Ивана Семеновича Зимина (accessed December 30, 2018).
4. ↑ Buryschkin PA : Москва купеческая . Столица, Moscow 1990, ISBN 5-7055-1136-1 , p. 114-115 .
5. ↑ Т.П. Морозова: А.П. ЧЕХОВ И С.Т. МОРОЗОВ (accessed December 31, 2018).
6. ↑ Калякина А .: Подмосковная усадьба Вышние Горки . In: Наука и жизнь . tape 3 , 2001, p. 102-108 .