Bindlacher Berg

Bindlacher Berg municipality Bindlach Coordinates: 49 ° 59 ′ 37 " N , 11 ° 37 ′ 47" E
Height :	482 m above sea level NHN
Postal code :	95463
Area code :	09208
	Goldkronacher Strasse in Bindlacher Berg

Bindlacher Berg is part of the Upper Franconian municipality of Bindlach . It is geographically located on the elevation of the same name and borders the northern area of the main town Bindlach, which is 120 meters below. The highest point of the Bindlacher Berg is 493 meters above sea level. NN northeast of the municipality part Röhrig.

history

At the foot of the south ramp of the A 9, on the right the Bindlacher Berg, in the middle of the slope the district Röhrig

Finds in the form of tools prove the presence of people in the period between 4000 and 2000 BC. In 1809 more than 4,000 soldiers camped on the mountain, in May 1812 Napoleon moved over the Bindlacher Berg. Count Munster discovered in the limestone quarries ( Upper Muschelkalk ) on the slopes of Mount Bindlacher the first dinosaurs - fossils on German soil.

Reichsstraße 2 , which had previously been straight up the mountain, was given its new route through the Röhrig district in 1895. Because of the steep incline, the old route required the carriage horses to be re-lashed twice, with strong workhorses taking over the task of the “nobler” horses in the valley station in Bindlach. The horses were changed again at the An der Ausspann mountain station.

On July 15, 1937, for the Bayreuth Festival, the section from Bayreuth to Lanzendorf of today's federal motorway 9 was opened as a Reichsautobahn over the western slope of the Bindlacher Berg. The current junction 40b (Bindlacher Berg) was not a public junction until the six-lane expansion, but was reserved for the US armed forces .

Air base

Between 1937 and 1938 directed Air Force as part of the upgrade of the Armed Forces on the Bindlacher Berg a military airfield one. Before 1937 there was only one farm on the hill, which was demolished. Large parts of the forest were cleared and leveled in order to create the largest possible level on which aircraft could take off and land. From May 1939 the destroyer squadron I. / ZG 52 was stationed there. Hitler , who did not want combat units to be stationed in Bayreuth, had the unit relocated to Biblis in August of the same year . From September 4, 1939, the air base was used by pilot schools and aviation schools. 1500 on- board mechanics could be trained on all common aircraft types of the Air Force, the teaching staff consisted of 350 NCOs and sergeants . Repair company 6 carried out aircraft repairs, and there was also a training facility for aircraft builders in metal aircraft construction. From February 14, 1944, various close-up reconnaissance groups were stationed, and on April 5, 1945, Night Battle Group 2 was moved from Erfurt-Bindersleben with its five remaining Ju 87 dive bombers to the Bindlacher Berg.

On April 11, 1945 the air base was partially set on fire in a bombing raid and aircraft were destroyed. Four days later it was occupied by the US Army . The US Army later built the barracks Christensen Barracks - named after 2nd Lieutenant Dale Eldon Christensen - which was used until 1992 .

Forced labor camp "Ramsenthal"

A camp consisting of six barracks was built near the ramp of the Federal Motorway 9, on the site of today's "Confirmation Grove". At first it provided shelter for workers when the motorway was built. During the Second World War, forced laborers were interned there, who were used at the air base and in the Bindlach quarries. They were divided into two work units of 60 to 80 men each. Most of them were Czech political prisoners from the Sankt Georgen prison , but there were also French and Belgians among them. The camp, which went up in flames after the end of the war and was completely destroyed, was managed by the Wehrmacht.

Neubürgerreuth

Former hospital

In order to prevent the entrepreneurs, workers and homeworkers from their glass industry from being dispersed , key representatives of the displaced persons from Gablonz looked for a place to settle together. The area of the former air base appeared to be a suitable location. In the years 1937/38, seventeen large winter-proof barracks had been built there, and the area had already been developed with roads and canalized. In May 1946 the Bavarian Council of Ministers decided to relocate all Gablonz companies and workers in the Upper Franconian region. Six companies were set up in the former hospital on Bindlacher Berg, employing 34 workers and 210 homeworkers. Massive accommodation was soon built and the new settlement was given its own official seal . The then Bayreuth District Administrator chose the name "Neubürgerreuth" for the settlement.

In the summer of 1946 the airfield was confiscated by the Americans, who claimed the area for their own purposes. The glassmakers began to migrate to Weidenberg, Warmensteinach and Fichtelberg. Gablonzer families lived on the Bindlacher Berg until the end of 1951.

Barrack camp

At the same time as the Christensen Barracks were being built, a reception camp for former forced laborers who were waiting to return to their home countries was built in the barracks of the air base. Displaced persons from the former East German provinces were the next residents before they were distributed to other places. More than 300,000 refugees were smuggled through the camp, which is only remembered by a memorial cross, the so-called mountain cross.

In the summer of 1947 160,000 Jewish people lived as Displaced Persons (DPs) in the American occupation zone . Although the US administration forbade further immigration of Jewish DPs into its sphere of influence, a further 6,000 Romanian Jews managed to cross the border in early 1948 . From March 3, 1948, the US military government forcibly quartered the first 176 Jews, including about forty children, in some of the barracks on Bindlacher Berg. The Americans showed no interest in making the lives of the imprisoned DPs bearable. Two to three families each had to share a room. The rooms were not heated, there was no hot water. Each person received only two blankets and the food rations were reduced to 1,500 kcal per day. On March 6, members of a Jewish-American aid organization visited the camp and found "malnourished, ragged and desperate men, women and children" there. It was thanks to her initiative that the barracks were made winter-proof and the living conditions of the inmates improved. The last Jewish DPs were only able to leave the camp in February 1949.

Refugees from Silesia , East Prussia and Czechoslovakia moved into the vacated barracks . In 1966 the refugee camp was closed and the barracks demolished. A barrack for the homeless built by the community in 1965 existed until 1976.

US barracks

Christensen Barracks, 1972

The American barracks served the 1st Battalion of the 2nd US Cavalry Regiment until 1992 as the basis for monitoring the German-Czech border. The 1st Squadron of the 2nd Tank Reconnaissance Regiment was also stationed there from 1953 to 1992. The American Secretary of State Mike Pompeo served on the Bindlacher Berg as platoon leader of its 1st platoon, Bravo Troop, 1st Squadron . The US Forces were adopted on March 23, 1992.

Todays situation

Christensen Barracks in its final state, on the left the relatives' blocks, in the middle the team blocks, 1976

With the fall of the Iron Curtain , the site and the barracks were given up. Between 1992 and 1997, some of the team's apartment blocks served as accommodation for people in need before they were demolished in 1997. The former relatives' apartment blocks in the north of the area were completely renovated and sold as condominiums at favorable terms. The American school and kindergarten were renovated and opened to the public. This is one of the reasons why the residential area is now largely populated by families with children.

Many of the former maintenance and storage buildings are now used commercially. A small industrial area has developed from this in the east of the residential area.

Population development

In 2008, 874 people lived in this part of the municipality, in 2009 904 people. In 2010 the number increased to 930 (as of December 31, 2010).

politics

For the municipal council elections in 2008, a separate voter community was formed, the mountain list. It has set itself the goal of solving problems left by the American legacy on Bindlacher Berg on a political level. It is represented with a seat on the municipal council.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Bayreuth airfield, in the background a former hangar of the US armed forces

The Bayreuth / Kulmbach motorway triangle , where the Federal Motorway 70 joins the Federal Motorway 9 , is located one kilometer west of the municipality. The former motorway access of the American armed forces was expanded to the official junction 40b Bindlacher Berg of the A 9 after their withdrawal. Bundesstraße 2 runs between the Autobahn and Bindlacher Berg . The Bayreuth airfield borders the district in the southeast .

Established businesses

Companies from different directions are based in Bindlacher Berg. B. Construction machinery, paint factory, central warehouse for tires, transport sand works, earthworks, sports and leisure mail order and traffic engineering.

societies

The association consists u. a. from the Citizens' Association Bindlacher Berg e. V., the Luftsportgemeinschaft Bayreuth e. V .; the reservist comradeship of Bindlach e. V. and the shepherd dog club, local group Bindlach e. V.

Solar park

The Bindlacher Berg solar park is an open-space photovoltaic system east of the residential area. The plant was built by the operator Cosmoenergy on a 7.3 hectare former military site made of silicon solar modules . 230 so-called solar trackers were installed on the area, which automatically track the position of the sun on two axes. Each module has a peak output of 10.56 kW , the peak output of the entire system is 2.43 MW. Only two months passed from the change in the zoning plan in August 2010 to the start of construction on the facility. The solar park was put into operation in March 2011. After the plant was built by Cosmoenergy, it is now being renovated by a regional company.

Web links

Commons : Bindlacher Berg - Collection of images, videos and audio files

History and news about the Bindlacher Berg district

Individual evidence

↑ Topogr. Map Bayreuth 1: 25000 from 1938 at BayernAtlas

↑ About new dinosaur finds from the shell limestone of Bayreuth at schweizerbart.de, accessed on July 16, 2017

↑ ^a ^b ^c From the history of the Bindlacher Berg at bindlacherberg.de, accessed on June 26, 2015

↑ Bernd Mayer : Bayreuth in the twentieth century . Nordbayerischer Kurier, Bayreuth 1999, p. 71 .

^ Albrecht Bald: Resistance, Refusal and Emigration in Upper Franconia . Boomerang, Bayreuth 2015, ISBN 978-3-929268-28-7 , pp. 29 .

↑ Axel Polnik: The Bayreuth Fire Brigades in the Third Reich, p. 328 ff (at Google Books)

↑ BT24 of February 15, 2011 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 4, 2014@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.bt24.de

↑ The forgotten forced labor camp in: Nordbayerischer Kurier from 9./10. September 2017, p. 19.

^ The dream of “Neubürgerreuth” in: Nordbayerischer Kurier from 12./13. November 2016, p. 25.

↑ sudeten-bayreuth.de ( Memento of the original from May 25, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.