Lanzendorf (Himmelkron)

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Lanzendorf with a view of the St. Gallus Church and the former castle
Old Main Bridge and White Main

Lanzendorf is a district of the Upper Franconian municipality of Himmelkron in the district of Kulmbach .

geography

The parish village of Lanzendorf is located in the valley of the White Main on the edge of the Fichtelgebirge between Himmelkron and Bad Berneck . It has 1030 inhabitants (as of January 9, 2004) and is at an altitude of 355 m above sea level. NN .

Lanzendorf is on the federal highway 303 in the direction of the Czech Republic and the A 9 motorway (junction 39 - Bad Berneck / Himmelkron) in the direction of Berlin and Nuremberg , also near the Bayreuth / Kulmbach motorway triangle and the A 70 in the direction of Bamberg and Würzburg .

history

Finds from the Neolithic Age , around 2500 BC. BC, show an early settlement. To the south of the village there are 62 prehistoric barrows from around 750 BC. Chr.

There are many assumptions about the age of the village; it was probably built between the 8th and 9th centuries. The name is derived from Lanzo , short for Landefrit . The ending -dorf indicates an early establishment before the first millennium. The Lanzendorf church is dedicated to Saint Gall . Before the Reformation, the parish of St. Gallus belonged to the Diocese of Würzburg , which is sure proof that it is an original parish that existed before the nearby Diocese of Bamberg was established in 1007. However, the first documentary mention is only in a fief book from 1303 in the Würzburg archives.

Manor of the Lords of Wirsberg (until 1687)

When they were mentioned in a document, the Lords of Wirsberg appeared for the first time in Lanzendorf in 1303 , and they maintained a manor in the village until they died out in 1687 . Her family coat of arms shows silver battlements on a red background. They named themselves after the castle in the nearby town of Wirsberg .

Until 1248 the area in the Franconian "Zweimainland" was under the rule of the Counts of Andechs-Meranien and then fell to the Thuringian Counts of Orlamünde . In 1338, the burgraves of Nuremberg , the later margraves of Brandenburg-Bayreuth from the Franconian line of the Hohenzollern , took over the power they held until the 18th century. Until it died out in 1687, Lanzendorf was the family castle of the Wirsbergers. Famous personalities of the family were Magdalena von Wirsberg, abbess of the Himmelkron monastery, the Teutonic Knight Vincenz von Wirsberg and Friedrich von Wirsberg , Prince-Bishop of Würzburg (1558–1573).

In 1303 Heinrich von Wirsberg received patronage over the parish church of Lanzendorf from the Würzburg prince-bishop, whether as a first fiefdom or as a renewal is not known. At the beginning of the 15th century Burgrave Johann III extended of Nuremberg the fiefdom. In 1528 the Reformation was decided in the Ansbach state parliament. However, it was only implemented much later. Disputes between Margrave Georg Friedrich and Wolf von Wirsberg are documented. Christoph von Wirsberg died in 1562. His gravestone is preserved in the St. Gallus Church, next to it the epitaph of his wife Anna von Wirsberg, née von Egloffstein . In 1632 Lanzendorf was reduced to rubble by the troops of Wallenstein .

In 1687, Philipp Christoph von Wirsberg died childless at the age of 27. According to legend, an old stone cross halfway between Himmelkron and Lanzendorf stands at the place where he is said to have fallen from his horse and died.

Rule of the Hohenzollern (1687–1806)

After the Wirsbergs died out, the fiefdom fell back to the sovereign Margrave Christian Ernst von Bayreuth. In 1710 the “High Princely Brandenburg Chamber Council” Johann Wolfgang Gromann was enfeoffed with the manor by Margrave Georg Wilhelm. His tombstone is preserved in the church. In 1727 the administration was transferred to the Stiftskastenamt Himmelkron . In 1791, Margrave Friedrich Karl Alexander von Bayreuth sold his principalities of Ansbach and Bayreuth to the Kingdom of Prussia . The Prussian Minister Freiherr Karl August von Hardenberg took over the administration. In 1797 Lanzendorf came to the Gefrees Chamber of Commerce and the Berneck Justice Office . After Prussia's defeat by Napoleon , Lanzendorf fell to France in 1806 .

Lanzendorf in Bavaria (from 1810)

On June 30, 1810, the French army handed the former principality of Bayreuth over to the Kingdom of Bavaria , which had bought it from Napoleon for 15 million francs. Lanzendorf became an independent municipality in the district of Kulmbach .

During the Third Reich , a labor camp was set up in Lanzendorf for 600 workers who built on the Berlin – Munich Reichsautobahn . 400 more workers were housed privately. The communists and social democrats who were imprisoned in spring 1933 were among the first compulsory workers on the autobahn . The section from Bayreuth to Lanzendorf was officially opened on July 15, 1937 at the Bayreuth Festival , and in September 1937 the section from Lanzendorf to Schleiz was opened.

Lanzendorf survived the Second World War with minor damage. A low-flying attack with a dead person is documented. The war memorial in front of the church commemorates the fallen of the two world wars. American soldiers entered Lanzendorf on April 14, 1945. Due to the influx of war refugees, the population increased sharply in 1946, new districts and industries emerged. The majority of the displaced came from the Sudetenland .

1956 the Protestant theologian and professor Ewald Stübinger was born in Lanzendorf.

With the territorial reform in 1976, the communities of Himmelkron and Lanzendorf were merged. The first mayor was the Himmelkroner Andreas Krainhöfner (1925–2015). He held the office until 2002. With the opening of the new viaduct and the relocation of the motorway route in 1997, the A 9 disappeared from the village. In 2004 the people of Lanzendorf celebrated the 700th anniversary of the village one year late.

Culture and sights

St. Gallus Church

The Evangelical Lutheran parish church received its present baroque appearance when it was last redesigned in 1750. Six stone construction phases are documented. The original development was a small hall church. Worth seeing inside is the pulpit altar , the typical hallmark of a Lutheran margrave church, the baptismal font and twelve figures of the apostles , which are dated to 1510. Furthermore there are several grave monuments and epitaphs , as well as the tombs of the Lords of Wirsberg.

Former castle

The oldest part of the former castle is the old castrum, today's parish hall. Its foundations go back to the former Wirsberg castle. In 1625 a new building took place during the Thirty Years War . The current building contains a sandstone portal and a baroque window from 1719. The former schoolhouse is a stately sandstone block building with a high gable in the Renaissance style .

Rectory

The first construction took place in 1624/25. The current building dates back to 1889.

Old Main Bridge

The old Main Bridge is a two-arched sandstone bridge with bank reinforcement from 1866. In the course of the renovation work in 2010, the bridge was widened with a concrete slab that protruded over the bridge arches. This created space for a wider carriageway and a sidewalk.

Medieval stone cross

It is on the way from Lanzendorf to Himmelkron . There are several legends about this cross . There the last knight of Wirsberg is said to have fallen fatally from his horse. According to another story, a nobleman who wanted to kidnap a nun from the neighboring Himmelkron monastery died there .

Soil monuments

literature

  • Inge Müller: Chronicle of Lanzendorf. 2005.

Web links

Commons : Lanzendorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bernd Mayer: Little Bayreuth City History . Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-7917-2266-5 , pp. 75 .
  2. ^ Albrecht Bald: Resistance, Refusal and Emigration in Upper Franconia . Boomerang, Bayreuth 2015, ISBN 978-3-929268-28-7 , pp. 31 .
  3. ↑ Bernd Mayer : Bayreuth in the twentieth century . Nordbayerischer Kurier, Bayreuth 1999, p. 71 .
  4. ↑ Albrecht Bald, op. Cit. P. 29.
  5. ↑ Frankenpost - Brücke has been a construction site for six months

Coordinates: 50 ° 3 '  N , 11 ° 36'  E