Restricted area

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A restricted area ( synonym : restricted zone ) is generally used to describe an area or area that is not accessible to the civilian population at all or at times. These include, for example, former ammunition plants or today's military training areas .

There are also restricted areas in which only certain customs regulations have to be observed, such as in the free port or in customs border districts .

species

Animal disease - "restricted area" of the island of Riems in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
The Allentsteig military training area is a restricted military area

Most of the restricted areas are of a military nature (for example today's military training areas or former border security systems ), but they can also be set up temporarily and serve to protect summit meetings from troublemakers .

Likewise, terrain contaminated by military ( robbery ) or chemical contaminants ( Seveso ) as well as by nuclear accidents can be declared a restricted area, as happened after the Chernobyl disaster .

Restricted areas are also set up when major non-military missiles are launched or blasts are carried out. The restricted area can be temporary or permanent. There are also permanent restricted areas in the vicinity of water supply systems in order to protect them from contamination.

Restricted areas can be completely or partially fenced. In these cases, there is not always a difference to a company premises that can only be entered by appropriate employees. In contrast to other military areas such as barracks, airfields or depots, restricted military areas in which troop exercises take place are usually not fenced in, but are marked by signs such as restricted military area , which indicate that firearms can be used when entering them. The restricted area is extended by the so-called restricted zone. Photographing is often forbidden there, and controls can be carried out by the responsible personnel. One of the most famous military restricted areas is Area 51 in the USA.

There are also restricted areas at sea. You are e.g. T. by tons marked and charts listed. There is a 500 m safety zone around the areas of the offshore wind farms in the German North Sea and Baltic Sea , the navigability of which is regulated by a general decree of the General Directorate for Waterways and Shipping , branch office North or Northwest.

In the event of war , a restricted area is a sea area that has been declared a war zone by one of the warring parties and in which ships of any kind are attacked and sunk without warning . This is especially intended as a warning to nations that try to cross the area, even if they are not opponents of the war, in order to supply the enemy with material.

GDR

The blocked federal highway 62 near Philippsthal in the direction of Vacha (1952)
Pass to visit relatives in the exclusion zone of the GDR

In May 1952, the GDR leadership sealed off their country with a 5 km wide restricted area along the border with the Federal Republic of Germany. From then on, every border crossing was subject to approval. In the restricted area there was a 500 meter wide protective strip at the border and a 10 meter wide control strip immediately in front of it. Thousands of “politically unreliable” residents of the exclusion zone were forcibly resettled inland shortly afterwards as part of “ Aktion Verziefer ” or in 1961 as part of “ Aktion Kornblume ”. Entering the restricted area required a pass . The residents had to register and received a note on their identity card . It was forbidden to enter the control strip. The use of firearms, which had previously only been allowed to defend against armed border breaches or for self-defense, was henceforth permitted by the border police whenever their orders were “not followed”. Since then, the GDR has expanded the German-German border more and more in order to prevent the mass exodus of its residents to the West. The last open way there was closed in August 1961 by the Berlin Wall , known as the anti-fascist protective wall .

The ten meter wide and plowed control strip was also called the "death strip". This area was mined at times and equipped with signal systems and personal mine systems ( self -firing system). The "protective strip" secured with barbed wire was gradually cleared of buildings and vegetation. Stricter safety regulations applied to entering the 500 m protective strip.

In the 1960s, new roads were partially built between border towns, so that new local connections were created outside the exclusion zone and places close to the border could be reached again.

aviation

A no-fly zone ( English no-fly zone , short NFZ ) is an airspace where military reasons all aircraft movements by aircraft are prohibited. Exceptions can be made, for example, to enforce the flight ban and for humanitarian purposes.

Airspaces that a state restricts for flights over its own sovereign territory (e.g. because of military operations, for security reasons, on political occasions), on the other hand, are referred to as air restrictions or flight restriction areas . Areas closed to air traffic are marked on aeronautical charts with a P ( prohibited in English ), e.g. B. LI-P243 (Southern Europe - Italy - Restricted Area No. 243 Roma [Città del Vaticano]). These restricted areas are defined by limits in the map as well as lower and upper limits. There are currently no such areas in Germany; only restricted-flight areas are being set up there.

See also

Restricted area sign in Namibia (2018)

literature

general
GDR

Web links

Commons : Exclusion zone  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
 Wikinews: Restricted Area  - in the news
 Wikinews: Exclusion Zone  - in the news
Wiktionary: exclusion zone  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: Sperrgebiet  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: exclusion zone  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
GDR
Commons : exclusion zone (DDR)  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Abbreviation in the military field in Switzerland: Spzo, abbreviation in the military jargon of the former GDR: SpZo
  2. ^ Encyclopedia of the VEB Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig. Head: Annette Zwahr ; Helga Weck (Ed.): BI-Elementarlexikon: in 2 volumes . Volume 2 Lane – Z, 2nd revised edition. Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1986, ISBN 3-323-00056-0 , OCLC 257190904 , OCLC 721523578 , OCLC 632661912 , p. 430
  3. ↑ On this and the following: Torsten Diedrich : Die Grenzpolizei der SBZ / DDR . In: ders. (Ed.): In the service of the party. Handbook of the armed organs of the GDR . Links, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-86153-160-7 , pp. 201-223, here 208 ff.
  4. ↑ Ilona Rothe, Lutz Jödicke (Hrsg./Redaktion): Forced resettlement in Germany - experience reports - documents - "Verziefer" campaign June 1952, "Cornflower" campaign October 1961. A material from the Thuringia regional working group of the Federation of Forced Resettled in the GDR. Self-published, Erfurt October 1992, OCLC 312789193 , SWB online catalog 064283275 , union catalog of public libraries 1350105600 , 113428327X in the GVK - common union catalog .
  5. ↑ 500 m strip , description of the restricted area using the example of the city of Geisa in Thuringia, accessed on April 17, 2020

Remarks

  1. ↑ so called at the state authority of Thuringia of the Ministry for State Security (MfS); see Thuringian Institute for Teacher Training, Curriculum Development and Media (ThILLM): The hushed up terror. Forced resettlement in the GDR. (PDF; 28 MB) 2nd edition; Publication series: Thillm: materials, 82; Bad Berka, April 2006; P. 18; ISBN 3-934761-50-X
  2. ↑ so called in the district of Erfurt; see Thuringian Institute for Teacher Training, Curriculum Development and Media (ThILLM): The hushed up terror. Forced resettlement in the GDR. (PDF; 28 MB) 2nd edition; Publication series: Thillm: materials, 82; Bad Berka, April 2006; P. 19; ISBN 3-934761-50-X