Sphagnum warnstorfii
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Warnstorf's peat moss ( Sphagnum warnstorfii ) |
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| Sphagnum warnstorfii | ||||||||||||
| Russov |
Sphagnum warnstorfii is a peat moss thatis assigned tothe genus Sphagnum and belongs to the division of mosses (Bryophyta). It is called Warnstorfs Peat Moss in the German-speaking area.
description
Features of the plant
Sphagnum warnstorfii is a slender peat moss of small or rarely normal size with flat, star-shaped heads. It forms compact cushions. The color varies from yellow-green to green to red-brown and dark purple. When dry, there is often a clear bluish shimmer.
The trunks are colored red to green. The mostly distinctly reddish-purple, rarely greenish or colorless sclerodermis is strongly separated from the epidermis . The epidermis consists of two to four (rarely up to five) layers of cells; their hyalocytes are fibrilless and mostly pore-free .
The triangular-tongue-shaped to tongue-shaped, 0.7-1.4 millimeter long and 0.5-0.8 millimeter wide stem leaves lie upright on the stem and have a broadly rounded to somewhat truncated tip. The leaf border is most developed at the leaf base with more than a third of the leaf width. The rhomboidal, either undivided, but mostly simply divided hyalocytes have no fibrils and no pores.
The long, tapering branches that attach to the trunk and are in fascicle-like or whorl- like tufts with two to three protruding and one to two hanging branches are usually five-line leafed.
The straight, ovate-lanceolate, 0.9-1.4 millimeters long, 0.4-0.5 millimeters wide and pointed branch leaves have leaf tips rolled upwards. They are concave in cross section and reinforced with fibrils. The leaf margins have no resorption furrow and are smooth over the entire margin. The hyalocytes of the convex surface have very small, ringed pores measuring less than a quarter of the cell width along the cell walls near the leaf tip. They change abruptly towards the base into large, elliptical shapes with dimensions of four tenths of the cell width. The concave surface has large round pores in the middle areas of the leaf margins and at the base of the leaf. The chlorocytes of the branch leaves are triangular to trapezoidal in cross-section and are more prominent on the underside of the leaf than on the upper side of the leaf, where they can also be enclosed by the hyalocytes.
Sexual characteristics
Sphagnum warnstorfii is sexually dioecious (dioecious).
The spore capsules, which are not common in Sphagnum warnstorfii, ripen in late summer to early autumn. The spores , which are finely warty on both surfaces, measure 17–26 micrometers and are dark yellow in color; the Laesura in the middle measures less than half the radius of the spurs.
The antherid-bearing branches are reddish and have club-shaped tips; the perigonial, envelope-like leaves are shorter and wider than the vegetative branch leaves.
Occurrence and distribution
Sphagnum warnstorfii is common in polar , temperate, and subtropical climates . In the North American continent, it populates much of the northern half of the United States , Canada, and Greenland . The Asian distribution area extends over Japan , China , India and the Russian Siberia to the Caucasus regions . The European occurrences are given here with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , Finland , Lithuania , Poland , Germany , Austria , the Czech Republic , France and Italy , for example .
Sphagnum warnstorfii grows in a very broad ecological niche as a hygrophyte in mineralotrophic wetlands. It is found in habitats with a moderate to rich supply of nutrients , pH ranges from 4.9 to more than 7.5 at low and medium altitudes . Habitats are often fens , wet forests, swamp forests and gray willows.
Sphagnum warnstorfii is often found in association with vascular plants such as the occidental arborvitae ( Thuja occidentalis ), the balsam fir ( Abies balsamea ), the American red spruce ( Picea rubens ) and with the ash willow , also called gray willow ( Salix cinerea ). It also often grow together with mosses as Girgensohns peat moss ( Sphagnum girgensohnii ), which centered peat moss ( Sphagnum centrale ), Sphagnum squarrosum , Sphagnum teres , the spiky spit Moss ( Calli Ergo Ella cuspidata ) Campylium stellate , Homalothecium nitens (syn. Tomenthypnum nitens ) Helodium blandowii and Paludella squarrosa .
Hazardous situation and protective measures
Sphagnum warnstorfii is considered a rare and rapidly declining species in Germany. It is placed in the national Red List of Endangered Species in Germany and that of its state Brandenburg in the hazard category 2 "Severely endangered". Switzerland lists Sphagnum warnstorfii in the "LC" category as not endangered.
The European Union and Switzerland have adopted regulations at the genus level as a protective measure for this peat moss species .
Systematics
Sphagnum warnstorfii was first described in 1888 by Edmund Russow in the report of the meeting of the Dorpater Naturforscher-Gesellschaft , Volume 8, Page 315. As synonymous term for Sphagnum warnstorfii is sphagnum warnstorfianum You Rietz specified. This peat moss species is listed in the Acutifolia section of the genus Sphagnum within the monogeneric family Sphagnaceae.
Morphologically similar peat moss species
Sphagnum warnstorfii can be confused with the reddish peat moss ( Sphagnum rubellum ), from which it differs, however, in the ringed pores in the branch leaf hyalocytes as well as in the habitat in raised bogs .
literature
- Jan-Peter Frahm, Wolfgang Frey, J. Döring: Moosflora . Ed .: UTB 1250. 4th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-2772-5 , Bryophytina, Laubmoose, p. 161 to 164 ( Sphagnum warnstorfii in section Acutifolia (in key, chapter 10 and Fig. 37/7)).
- Cyrus B. McQueen, Richard E. Andrus: Bryophytes: Mosses, part 1 . Sphagnaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America . tape 27 . Oxford University Press, New York 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-531823-4 , 84.Sphagnum warnstorfii Russow, p. 101 (English, efloras.org - section description and distribution).
- Li Xing-jiang and Si He: Sphagnaceae-Leucobryaceae . Sphagnaceae. In: Chien Gao, Marshall R Crosby, Si He, Chinese academy of sciences., Et al. (Ed.): Moss Flora of China . tape 1 . Science Press et al. a., St.Louis u. a. 1999, ISBN 978-0-915279-72-2 , Sphagnum warnstorfii , p. 48 (English, efloras.org ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Sphagnum warnstorfii Russow Warnstorf's peat moss . (No longer available online.) In: Website of the project “Die Moose Deutschlands”. Archived from the original on May 20, 2016 ; Retrieved August 4, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. according to information from Ludwig opinion, Wiebke Schröder: Distribution atlas of mosses in Germany. tape 1 . Regensburg Botanical Society, Regensburg 2007, OCLC 635348854 .
- ↑ a b c d Sphagnum warnstorfii ( Warnstorf's peat moss ). In: Korseby Online - Sphagnaceae. Retrieved August 7, 2011 .
- ^ Cyrus B. McQueen, Richard E. Andrus: Bryophytes: Mosses, part 1 . Sphagnaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America . tape 27 . Oxford University Press, New York 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-531823-4 (English, efloras.org - Distribution Map Taxon: Sphagnum warnstorfii ).
- ^ Alan Hale: Sphagnum warnstorfii. Warnstorf's Bog-moss. (No longer available online.) In: british mosses and liverworts - a field guide. the British Bryological Society, August 24, 2010, archived from the original on May 5, 2011 ; accessed on August 11, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ EEA Web Team: Sphagnum warnstorfii. Deliveries and additional sites. In: EUNIS biodiversity database. The European Environment Agency (EEA), accessed August 11, 2011 .
- ↑ a b Klaus Weddeling & Gerhard Ludwig: 2. The mosses (Bryophyta, Marchantiophyta, Anthocerophyta) of the FHH guideline . Section 2.14 / Code 1409 / Appendix V: Sphagnum L. In: Bundesamt f. Naturschutz Bonn (Hrsg.): Series of publications for landscape management and nature conservation issue 69 (1) . The European system of protected areas Natura 2000 - ecology and distribution of species of the Habitats Directive in Germany. tape 1 : Plants and Invertebrates . Münster (Landwirtschaftsverlag), 2003, ISBN 3-7843-3617-5 , p. 744 ( weddeling.info [PDF; 55 kB ; accessed on August 11, 2011] p. 312: Information on Sphagnum warnstorfii ).
- ^ Online query for Sphagnum warnstorfii Russow in the Red List of Endangered Species in Germany and its federal states. science4you, accessed on August 12, 2011 .
- ↑ Norbert Schnyder, Ariel Bergamini, Heike Hofmann, Niklaus Müller, Cécile Schubiger-Bossard, Edwin Urmi: Moose . Red list of endangered species in Switzerland. Ed .: SAEFL - Federal Office for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, Bern; FUB - Research Center for Environmental Monitoring, Rapperswil; NISM - Natural inventory of the Swiss moss flora. BUWAL, Bern / Chambésy 2004, OCLC 634101965 , 6 species list with endangerment categories , p. 87 ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: bafu.admin.ch [PDF; 1.7 MB ; accessed on August 12, 2011] Search for Sphagnum warnstorfii ).
Web links
- Sphagnum warnstorfii (Warnstorf's Peat Moss) . In: Common Brophyte and Lichen Species of the Northwest Forest, Canada. borealforest.org, accessed August 11, 2011 .
- Eva Maria Temsch: Peat moss-for beginners and professionals. In: Homepage of a botanist. Accessed on October 13, 2011 ( Sphagnum arten in Austria with Sphagnum warnstorfii ).