Sports history

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sports history is "an important part of an interdisciplinary and self-reflective cultural science that asks questions about historical structures of perception and meaning in sport and thus in society".

history

In Germany teachers are usually trained in two subjects. This made it possible for the state examination to meet the requirements for a doctorate in two subjects. It was easier to do an external doctorate in history than in experimental subjects. Since the Weimar period , it was desirable (if not required) for a director of a university institute to have a doctorate. Examples include Bernhard Zimmermann , Wilhelm Henze , Horst Ueberhorst , Erich Beyer and, more recently, Arnd Krüger . As a result, the history of sports played a much greater role in sports teacher training than it does today. Today it leads a rather shadowy existence behind the more powerful other disciplines of sports science , such as kinetics , training theory , sports medicine , sports psychology or sports sociology .

Both Pierre de Coubertin and Carl Diem show how important the knowledge and research of history were for the development of modern sport and sport science . For Coubertin, Olympism and the modern Olympic Games were directly linked to the writing of history. Carl Diem also looked far in the past for precursors and models of modern sports science ( Plato , Aristotle , Philostratus and other ancient scholars and philosophers).

Since the bar dispute , physical exercise has been one of the character-building subjects in Germany under the responsibility of the Philosophical Faculty - and not, as in large parts of Europe or the USA, part of the health sciences. As a history of gymnastics , the subject should also raise awareness of military capabilities. The gymnastics pioneers of the 19th century, who laid the foundation stone for sports science, therefore made particular efforts to research the physical and physical culture of ancient Greece. Not least for this reason, Diem wrote a world history of sport (1960), which was intended to provide cultural and historical evidence that movement, gymnastics, play and sport represent anthropological constants and were closely linked to military capacity.

Edmund Neuendorff and Wolfgang Eichel's overall presentations of recent German sports history are examples of a coherent and finalistic understanding of sports history. Edmund Neuendorff's four-volume history of recent German physical exercise was written as a standard work from 1930 to 1932. Eichel's history of physical culture in Germany was published in East Berlin in 1965 and was written in line with the Marxist-Leninist ideology. These sports stories almost completely ignore the history of women's sports ; it was not until Horst Ueberhorst , the editor of the six-volume history of physical exercise , saw the task of sports history in illuminating the past in order to better understand the present, so that Gertrud Pfister introduced women's sports for the first time was shown.

Present tendencies

The views on the meaning and purpose of the history of sports as well as on its topics and procedures are also related to the theoretical discussion in historical studies in general. Here the development was marked by the turning away from historicism as the dominant historical theory of science in the 19th century . Modern historiography no longer sees itself only as historical historiography, but also as historical social science , in which the results and methods of other sciences are to be taken into account. The development of German sport historiography in the 1970s has been comprehensively presented by Allen Guttmann from the 1980s by Arnd Krüger .

In contrast to older sports history, which constructed a continuity , Pierre Bourdieu emphasizes from a sports- sociological point of view the break of modern sport with older movement cultures .

See also

literature

The research report gives an overview of a large number of recent publications:

  • Olaf Stieglitz: Sports report: Sports history as cultural and social history. In: H-Soz-u-Kult. May 28, 2009 (online) .
Monographs and Articles
  • John M. Carter, Arnd Krüger (Eds.): Ritual and record: sports records and quantification in pre-modern societies . Westport, Conn .: Greenwood, 1990, ISBN 0-313-25699-3 .
  • Scott AGM Crawford (Ed.): Serious sport. JA Mangan's contribution to the history of sport. Portland 2004.
  • Steven W. Pope, John R. Nauright (Eds.): Routledge Companion to Sports History. London 2010, ISBN 978-0-415-77339-3 .
  • Wilhelm Beier , Wolfgang Eichel , Lothar Skorning : History of physical culture in Germany.
    • Volume 1: The physical culture in Germany from the beginning to the modern age. (Co-author Gerhard Lukas ). Sportverlag Berlin, 1969.
    • Volume 2: The body culture in Germany from 1789 to 1917. Sportverlag, Berlin 1965.
    • Volume 3: The body culture in Germany from 1917 to 1945. (co-author Hannes Simon ). Sportverlag Berlin, 1964
    • Volume 4: The body culture in Germany from 1945 to 1961. (Co-author Günther Wonneberger ). Sportverlag Berlin, 1967.
  • Julius Bohus: Sports History. Society and sport from Mycenae to today. Munich 1986, ISBN 3-405-13136-7 .
  • Pierre Bourdieu : Historical and Social Requirements of Modern Sport. In: Gerd Hortleder, Gunter Gebauer (Ed.): Sport - Eros - Death. Frankfurt am Main 1986, ISBN 3-518-11335-6 , pp. 91-112.
  • Carl Diem : Olympiads: 776 BC - 1964. a history of sport. Stuttgart 1964, ISBN 3-518-11335-6 .
  • Allen Guttmann : Women's Sports. A history. Columbia University Press, 1992.
  • Allen Guttmann: Games and Empires. Modern Sports and Cultural Imperialism. Columbia University Press, 1996.
  • Allen Guttmann: From ritual to record. The essence of modern sport. Schorndorf 1979.
  • Roger Hutchinson: Empire Games: The British Invention of Twentieth-Century Sport. Mainstream Publishing, 1996.
  • Arnd Krüger , John McClelland (Ed.): The Beginnings of Modern Sports in the Renaissance . Arena Publ., London 1984, ISBN 0-902175-45-9 .
  • Michael Krüger : Sports history. In: Herbert Haag, Bernd G. Strauss (Ed.): Theoretic fields of sports science. Schorndorf 2003, ISBN 3-7780-7887-9 , pp. 241-267.
  • Lorenz Peiffer, Matthias Fink: On the current state of research on the history of physical culture and sport in the GDR. An annotated bibliography. Cologne 2003.
  • Manfred Lämmer (Ed.): Germany in the Olympic movement. An interim balance. Frankfurt am Main 1999, ISBN 3-87064-110-X .
  • Swantje Scharenberg , Bernd Wedemeyer-Kolwe: Crossing borders: Rethinking sport. Festschrift for the 65th birthday of Prof. Dr. Arnd Kruger. (= Series of publications by the Lower Saxony Institute for Sports History . Volume 20). Hoya 2009, ISBN 978-3-932423-35-2 .
  • Lothar Skorning (Ed.): A brief outline of the history of physical culture in Germany since 1800 (in the author collective with Günter Erbach , Paul Marschner , Hans Schuster , Hannes Simon, Georg Wieczisk , Günther Wonneberger). Sportverlag Berlin , 1952
  • Horst Ueberhorst (Hrsg.): History of physical exercises. Bartels and Wernitz, Berlin.
    • Volume 1: Theories of Origin. 1972, ISBN 3-87039-928-7 .
    • Volume 2: Physical exercise and sport in antiquity. 1978, ISBN 3-87039-996-1 .
    • Volume 3/1: Physical exercise and sport in Germany from the beginnings to the First World War. 1980, ISBN 3-87039-036-0 .
    • Volume 3/2: Physical exercise and sport in Germany from the First World War to the present. 1981, ISBN 3-87039-054-9 .
    • Volume 4: The great sports nations. 1972, ISBN 3-87039-946-5 .
    • Volume 5: Physical Exercise and Sport in Europe. 1976, ISBN 3-87039-980-5 .
    • Volume 6: Perspectives on World Sport. With the collaboration of Erich Beyer and Werner Sonnenschein. 1989, ISBN 3-87039-081-6 .
  • Rebekka von Mallinckrodt : The Weight of Man. A cultural history of swimming (approx. 1760–1830). 3 volumes. Habilitation thesis Free University of Berlin, 2011.
Magazines

Web links

Portal: Sports Science  - Overview of Wikipedia content on Sports Science

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bernd Wedemeyer-Kolwe: What is and what is sports history? In: SportZeiten. Issue 3, 2002.
  2. ^ Above all Vieth: Contributions to the history of physical exercises . 1794; Euler: History of Gymnastics . 1891.
  3. ^ Allen Guttmann: Recent Work in European Sport History. In: Journal of Sport History. 10, 1983, pp. 35-52. (on-line)
  4. ^ Arnd Krüger : Puzzle Solving: German Sport Historiography of the Eighties. In: Journal of Sport History. 17, 1990, pp. 261-277. (on-line)
  5. ^ Christian Orban: Review of: SW Pope et al. (Ed.): Routledge Companion to Sports History . In: H-Soz-u-Kult. March 15, 2010.