St. Ansgari Church (Hage)
The Evangelical Lutheran St. Ansgari Church is in the East Frisian Hage . It is named after Bishop Ansgar von Bremen , also known as the "Apostle of the North".
history
The spots Hage was probably made of the 12th century at the output of an ancient trade route from the Bronze Age in the border area of the falling here for fertile march Geest back . Archaeological excavations have now proven that two wooden churches existed one after the other before the stone church was built, of which the older one was destroyed by fire.
The construction of the stone church began at the end of the 12th century, but no later than 1220. First, a 6 meter high terp was raised to additionally secure the church against flooding. Then the granite foundation was laid, on which the church was finally built from bricks in the Romanesque style. Originally it was a hall church and probably had a low round apse .
Between 1480 and 1490 the original apse was replaced by a rectangular Gothic choir. During the construction of the choir and the tower, the cross bracing between the two nave walls was removed so that they became more and more unstable over the years. The south face in particular began to slope more and more. After the storm surge in January 1962 , the effect intensified again, so that there was a risk of collapse and the walls had to be laboriously secured. In the course of the work, the entire south wall was re-established on concrete piles and the church received a concrete ring anchor that strengthened the masonry. In addition, cross anchors made of concrete were inserted in the ceiling area of the ship, but they were designed like the original wooden beams so that they are difficult to distinguish from the outside.
Building description
The nave and the choir
The original Romanesque brick structure is well preserved on the north side. When the church was built, it had already been given a particularly rich design as a front facing the street. The lower part is unadorned. Above it are pilasters which divide the wall into five formerly equally wide fields, each of which contains a window framed by thin round bars . At the top, the wall is closed by a wide cornice . It contains a frieze of interlocking round arches on which a triple German band rests, which consists of bricks placed across corners. The original entrances in the north and south were walled up. In the south wall, the remains of a hagioscope can be discovered under a window that was walled up in the 1960s . The rectangular Gothic choir has the same width and height as the nave. Presumably it was built to put up a large winged altar here.
The tower
The massive west tower was added to the building before 1250. It is still completely influenced by the Romanesque style and has pilaster strips , arched friezes and arched openings. It leans clearly to the west, which is explained by the fact that it rests with its east wall on the terp ground that was pressed by the church, while its west side rests on unpaved ground, which has sunk in the course of time.
Furnishing
The interior of the Ansgari Church is of outstanding art historical importance.
Baptism
The oldest piece of equipment is the font. It is a work from the time the church was built and, like so many baptismal fonts in East Friesland in the 13th century, was made from Bentheim sandstone . The lower part of the cuppa is decorated with a fan frieze, the upper part shows a frieze with plant motifs. It is carried by four lions with their heads turned back. In the design of the baptism there are clear parallels to the baptismal fonts of the Stapelmoorer Church , the Bonifatius Church of Arle and the St. Materniani Church in Westochtersum.
The altar
The Passion Altar in the choir may come from the Coldinne Monastery , as can be seen in the "Inventory of the means of the Ansgari Church in Hage" from 1857: In all likelihood it was moved to its current location when the Coldinne Monastery was dissolved . It is said to have been installed in the church around 1580. Documentary evidence of this has not yet been found. In its design it is similar to the altar of the Bonifatius Church in Arle, so that both are assigned to the same North Dutch-Frisian workshop. Its creation time is dated to the year 1480. This is supported by fashionable details and the simplicity of the figures.
The altar table
The altar table consists of a box-shaped substructure, on the back of which there are three flaps with late Gothic fittings, behind which relics were kept in pre-Reformation times . The altar plate was obviously enlarged before the altar shrine was brought in. The old cafeteria plate is only 204 cm wide and has been widened on both sides to the current width of 310 cm.
The altar shrine
The central part of the altar shrine is decorated with carved relief scenes depicting the Passion of Christ. The display begins chronologically in the field at the top left. Here the scene after the capture of Jesus is shown, in which he is tormented and mocked by soldiers of the governor Pilate by wrapping him in a red cloak and putting on the crown of thorns.
At the bottom left is Jesus on the Way of the Cross. It shows him dragging himself to Golgotha with the cross on his shoulder while a soldier tortures him. A woman hands him her headscarf so that he can wipe off the sweat (the legend of the Veronica's handkerchief ).
The lower middle field shows people who were present at the crucifixion of Jesus, such as Mary Magdalene and Mary, the mother of James the Younger. The lizard depicted on the rock above them is considered a medieval symbol of the resurrection. Also shown is Pontius Pilate with a monkey behind him on the white horse. In the Middle Ages the monkey was often equated with the devil because he embodied the animalistic, which in the Middle Ages was considered sinful. In another area two soldiers can be seen sticking a lance in Jesus' side to determine his death.
Jesus crucified is enthroned above everything. Angels can be seen catching drops of blood from his hand wounds and thus giving an indication of Holy Communion. To the left of the crucified one is shown the criminal who recognizes Jesus as the Son of God. His soul, represented as a newborn baby, is carried to heaven by an angel. To the right of Jesus is the crucifixion of the evil thief, whose blindfold is supposed to symbolize that he is blind to his belief in Jesus. At the foot of his cross there is a skeleton as a reference to the place of the crucifixion, the so-called skull height, which is called Golgotha in Hebrew.
The lower right field shows the burial of Jesus with Joseph of Arimathäa , who requested Jesus' body from Pilate and made the tomb available, the mother Mary, who is holding Jesus, as well as Nicodemus and Mary from Magdala and another woman.
The upper right field shows the resurrection of Christ in an unusual form. You can see Jesus sitting on his coffin. He is surrounded by the guards of the grave and women who hold pots of ointment in their hands to embalm the supposed corpse.
The wings
The paintings on the wings were probably removed during the Reformation. Only on the outside of the upper right pull-out wing could a panel painting be exposed again. It shows John the Baptist standing on a brown and white patterned stone floor in front of a stone parapet. On the back of the opposite panel, fragments of a painting can still be seen, which was obviously executed in the same style as the Johannes picture.
The canopy
The winged altar is crowned by a mighty canopy , a stylistic device that is often found in East Frisian churches. The canopy is divided into several segments by keel arches, which are designed identically. They show a veil with a fish bubble pattern and plant ornaments.
organ
The organ was built by Dirk Lohman between 1776 and 1783 and integrates some older stops from the previous organ from the 16th and 17th centuries. Century. It is the only new building from Lohman who designed his work behind a late baroque prospectus with 21 stops on two manuals and pedal. The Rohlfs brothers carried out work on the organ and probably built the Dulcian 8 ′. Johann Diepenbrock replaced one register in 1884 and rebuilt another. The prospect pipes were handed in for war purposes in 1917 and replaced by zinc pipes in 1919. The company P. Furtwängler & Hammer undertook further small changes in 1921 and 1935/36. In the years 1977 to 1979, with remaining work from 1983 to 1987, the organ building company Alfred Führer carried out a thorough restoration that brought the instrument back to its original condition. Today's disposition is:
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- V = register from the previous organ from the 17th century
- L = Lohman (1776–1783)
- R = Rohlfs (1861)
- F = leader (1977–1987)
- Coupling : II / I (sliding coupler), I / P
Remarks
- ↑ Vacant
Other items of equipment
The Gothic Levite's chair may also come from the abandoned Coldinne Monastery. It is dated around 1500 and was restored in 1981. In earlier times the celebrating priest and the deacon sat here on his right as the sub-deacon on the left.
The pulpit dates from the middle of the 17th century. A sound cover was added to it in the 19th century. The two lions on the pedestal in the chancel are the last remains of a sacraments house .
See also
literature
- Hans-Bernd Rödiger, Heinz Ramm: Frisian churches in Auricherland, Norderland, Brokmerland and in Krummhörn , Volume 2. Verlag CL Mettcker & Söhne, Jever (2nd edition) 1983, p. 81 ff.
- Gottfried Kiesow : Building damage caused by wind loads and poor soil conditions, in: Learn to see cultural history, Volume 1, 11th edition, Verlag Monumente, publications of the German Foundation for Monument Protection , Bonn 2011, ISBN 978-3-936942-03-3 , pp. 59 ff.
Web links
- Internet presence of the St. Ansgari parish in Hage
- Church district north: St. Ansgari Hage
- Genealogy forum: Hage
- Monika van Lengen: Hage - Ansgari Church and Organ (PDF file)
Coordinates: 53 ° 36 '8.1 " N , 7 ° 17' 2.2" E
Individual evidence
- ↑ genealogie-forum.de: Hage, Gemeinde Hage, Landkreis Aurich ( Memento from June 1, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on May 17, 2019.
- ^ Hermann Haiduck: The architecture of the medieval churches in the East Frisian coastal area . Verlag Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich 1986, ISBN 3-925365-07-9 , p. 44 f .
- ↑ a b c Monika van Lengen: Hage - Ansgari Church and Organ , accessed on January 10, 2016 (PDF file).
- ↑ Dissertation by Herbert R. Marwede: Pre-Reformation Altars in East Friesland (PDF file; 1.2 MB). Hamburg 2007, accessed on January 19, 2011.
- ^ A b c Gottfried Kiesow : Architectural Guide East Friesland - Natural and Cultural Landscape . German Foundation for Monument Protection, Bonn 2009, ISBN 978-3-86795-021-3 , p. 285 f.
- ^ Gottfried Kiesow : Architectural Guide East Friesland - Natural and Cultural Landscape . German Foundation for Monument Protection, Bonn 2009, ISBN 978-3-86795-021-3 , p. 284 f.
- ^ Ingeborg Nöldeke: Hidden treasures in East Frisian village churches - hagioscopes, rood screens and sarcophagus lids - overlooked details from the Middle Ages . Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-7308-1048-4 , p. 128 ff.
- ^ Gottfried Kiesow : Architectural Guide East Friesland - Natural and Cultural Landscape . German Foundation for Monument Protection, Bonn 2009, ISBN 978-3-86795-021-3 , p. 288 f.
- ↑ a b Quoted here from Herbert R. Marwede's dissertation: Pre-Reformation altars in East Friesland (PDF file; 1.2 MB). Hamburg 2007, p. 161, accessed on January 19, 2011.
- ^ Gottfried Kiesow : Architectural Guide East Friesland - Natural and Cultural Landscape . German Foundation for Monument Protection, Bonn 2009, ISBN 978-3-86795-021-3 , p. 286.
- ↑ Dissertation by Herbert R. Marwede: Pre-Reformation Altars in East Friesland (PDF file; 1.2 MB). Hamburg 2007, p. 159, accessed on June 17, 2011. p. 153
- ↑ Dissertation by Herbert R. Marwede: Pre-Reformation Altars in East Friesland (PDF file; 1.2 MB). Hamburg 2007, p. 159, accessed on January 19, 2011.
- ↑ Gottfried Kiesow : Architectural Guide Ostfriesland - Natural and Cultural Landscape , German Foundation for Monument Protection, Bonn 2009, ISBN 978-3-86795-021-3 , p. 286 f.
- ↑ See the restoration report by Fritz Schild: Denkmal-Orgeln. Documentation of the restoration by organ building guides 1974-1991 . Florian Noetzel, Wilhelmshaven 2005, ISBN 978-3-7959-0862-1 , pp. 459-480.
- ↑ Reinhard Ruge (NOMINE e.V.): Hage, St. Ansgari - organ by Dirk Lohman (1776–1783) , viewed January 20, 2011.
- ^ Organ of St. Ansgari Church on Organ index , accessed on October 1, 2018.