St. Anna im Lehel monastery church

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High altar

The Roman Catholic monastery church of St. Anna im Lehel is the first rococo church in old Bavaria and shaped the development of sacred architecture in Bavaria . Today it is the monastery church of the Munich Franciscan monastery .

Monument protection

The church building is a listed building . It was recorded under the file number D-1-62-000-6074 in the list of monuments of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation .

location

The monastery church St. Anna im Lehel (St.-Anna-Str. 19) is located in the center of Lehel opposite the Catholic parish church St. Anna im Lehel .

history

Facade of the monastery church St. Anna im Lehel

Unlike after the Second World War, the Lehel was originally a settlement outside the city fortifications for the poorer population. The Lehel belonged to the parish of Our Lady, but since the city gates were locked every evening, no pastor could enter the Lehel at a late hour. It therefore soon became necessary to found a parish for the pastoral care of the population living here. In 1725 the Hieronymites founded a monastery in the floodplain forest to the left of the Isar , which was later called Lehel, and took over the pastoral care of 2000 people who were resident there. Electress Maria Amalie laid in 1727, the year of birth of her son Maximilian III. Joseph , the foundation stone for the monastery church, which the architect Johann Michael Fischer built until 1733. The furnishings , in which Cosmas Damian Asam , Egid Quirin Asam and Johann Baptist Straub were involved, was completed in 1737.

During the secularization , the Hieronymite Monastery was abolished and cleared in 1807, and the convent building became barracks in 1808 ( Lehel or Lechl barracks ). The monastery church was elevated to a parish church. In 1827 the Franciscans took over the monastery, which they hold until today, at the express order of King Ludwig I. In 1802 they had lost their old convent of St. Antonius . After the secularization , the king wanted to bring religious people back into the city and decided in favor of the Franciscans, initially against the advice of his "Supreme Church and School Council" Eduard von Schenk , who had concerns that the popular, habit- wearing Franciscans were among the higher Social circles could find less appeal, and advocated the settlement of oratorians . The decisive factor for the king was that in 1330 the Franciscan theologian Wilhelm von Ockham had found asylum with Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian in Munich and then defended the emperor against the Pope . On All Saints Day , November 1, 1827, the Franciscans solemnly took over their St. Anna monastery, a little later the library came to Munich from the abolished Ingolstadt monastery . On July 2, 1838, they were also given pastoral care in the St. Anna parish. The monastery became the main monastery of the Bavarian Franciscan Province ( Bavaria ), which flourished after secularization, and the seat of the Provincialate . Since 2010 it has been the headquarters of the German Franciscan Province of Saint Elisabeth ( Germania ) , which was created this year through the merger of the four German Franciscan provinces . The Franciscan and church musician Hartmann von An der Lan-Hochbrunn lived and worked in the monastery since 1906 .

When the “St. Anna suburb”, today's Lehel, was projected, the development of the monastery surroundings was also planned. In order to classify the church more closely in the upper middle-class development, to show the togetherness with the old town and to create a visual connection with Ludwigstrasse , a neo-Romanesque double tower facade was faded in front of the church by August Voigt in 1852/53 , with its three-arched arcade portal and pyramid-shaped closure of the towers was clearly oriented towards the University Church of St. Ludwig .

An air raid on April 29, 1944 destroyed the monastery church of St. Anna im Lehel, except for the outer walls. Reconstruction began in 1946 . The double tower facade was removed in 1948, the reconstruction of the interior dragged on until 1979. In 1968 Erwin Schleich reconstructed the rococo facade, which he placed in front of the remaining storey of Voigt's twin tower facade. A part of the original facade from 1772 can still be seen behind the church gate. In this respect, the current situation does not reflect the original from 1773, as the portal facade of the convent building jumps forward and is no longer on the same level as it, which corresponds to the type of baroque monastery in Bavaria and the original situation.

Program and concept

Behind the east facade at St. Anna-Platz follows a rectangular building, which is adjoined by a central building. On top of this there is a dome with special window shapes and a roof lantern. In his early work, Johann Michael Fischer succeeded in finding a decisive new solution in creating space: He merged the longitudinal and central building into a new type. In doing so, he broke the firmly established formal language of the architecture of his time: instead of wall columns, wall tongues with fluted pilasters , space-spanning hollow vaults, the hemispherical domes are detached. The stucco framing is used as a transition zone, which rhythmically combines all structural elements. Behind this is the idea that should release the sky.

In order to achieve this, Fischer deliberately avoided using right angles. The main room has an oval design and consists of two apsidal side chapels and four conical chapels in the corners of the room, which do not lie on a common diagonal axis. The choir apse with the high altar in the west finds its counterpart in a semicircular monk choir behind it.

Significant works

  • High altar picture St. Anna teaches her daughter in the Holy Scriptures in the presence of St. Joachim ( Cosmas Damian Asam , 1734).
  • High altar: tabernacle and angel of worship ( Johann Baptist Straub , around 1735).
  • High altar fresco glorifying the name Anna ( Cosmas Damian Asam , 1730, renewed by Karl Manninger 1972).
  • Altarpiece of the Margaret altarpiece The penitent St. Margareta von Cortona Georg Sang , 1st half of the 18th century with a Rococo frame of the icon by Johann Baptist Straub , around 1735.
  • Vault-frescoed Glory of St. Anna and St. Anna is taken to heaven ( Cosmas Damian Asam , 1730, renewal Karl Manninger 1972).
  • Vault fresco over the organ St. Anna on her deathbed ( Cosmas Damian Asam , 1730, reconstruction by Karl Manninger 1976).

  • Vaulted ceiling fresco

  • Pulpit, from the workshop of JB Straub

  • Anthony Altar

  • Angels on the altar of the cross by Egid Quirin Asam , 1734

  • Rococo frame by JB Straub, icon

  • Figure on the high altar

  • High altar fresco

  • Tabernacle by JBStraub

organ

organ

The organ in St. Anna was built in 1999 by the Swiss organ builder Mathis . The instrument has mechanical playing and stop actions . The following is the disposition :

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Bourdon 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Coarse 8th'
4th Octave 4 ′
5. Coupling flute 4 ′
6th Duplicate 2 ′
7th Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
8th. Mixture III-IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
9. Trumpet 8th'
II Swell C – g 3
10. Hollow flute 8th'
11. Salicional 8th'
12. Fugara 4 ′
13. Transverse flute 4 ′
14th Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
15th Piccolo 2 ′
16. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
17th Sifflet 1'
18th Vox humana 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
19th Sub bass 16 ′
20th Principal bass 8th'
21st Dacked bass 8th'
22nd Choral bass 4 ′
23. bassoon 16 ′

literature

  • Klaus Gallas : Munich. From the Guelph foundation of Henry the Lion to the present: art, culture, history . DuMont, Cologne 1979, ISBN 3-7701-1094-3 (DuMont documents: DuMont art travel guide).
  • Johannes Gatz: A friend of the Franciscans and the new church front of St. Anna. On the 10th anniversary of Prelate Dr. Michael Hartig . In: Antonius. Illustrated monthly of the Franciscans in Bavaria (1970), pp. 9-18.
  • Sigfried Grän: Monastery church St. Anna im Lehel, Munich . 6., rework. Edition Regensburg 2002.
  • Dominikus Lutz: St. Anna-Lehel Monastery Church, Munich. Documentation of a reconstruction - restoration - renovation . Munich 1977.
  • Johann Pörnbacher, Siegfried Wameser (ed.): Monastery church St. Anna im Lehel, Munich . Lindenberg 2010.
  • Petrus von Hötzl: History of the parish church of St. Anna in Munich. Shown for relatives and friends of the same . Munich 1879.
  • Cornelia Oelwein: The history of the Walchensee and its fishing. Alpenblick & Seenland, Uffing 2010. ISBN 978-3-9813813-0-6 pp. 41–55 (The Hieronymites in Klösterle St. Anna and their move to Munich.)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bavarian list of monuments for Munich, page 740 St. Anna im Lehel monastery church .
  2. ↑ Christiane Schwarz: The Bavarian Franciscan Province from Secularization to 1933. In: Bayerische Franziskanerprovinz (Hrsg.): 1625 - 2010. The Bavarian Franciscan Province. From its beginnings until today. Furth 2010, pp. 30–49, here pp. 32–35.
  3. ↑ To the organ (PDF file)

Web links

Commons : Klosterkirche St. Anna im Lehel  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 8 '24.6 "  N , 11 ° 35' 9.5"  E