St. Jacobi (Göttingen)

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St. Jacobi
St. Jacobi as seen from the tower of St. Johannis Church.

St. Jacobi as seen from the tower of St. Johannis Church .

Data
place Goettingen
builder Hans Rutenstein (tower)
Architectural style Gothic
Construction year 1361-1433
height 72 m
View into the nave

The Evangelical Lutheran parish church of St. Jacobi in Göttingen's old town is a three-nave Gothic hall church built between 1361 and 1433 . The church patron is James the Elder . The tower of the church is 72 meters high and is the tallest building in Göttingen's old town. The Gothic winged altar from 1402, which is located in the choir of the church, is of national importance.

history

Around 1186 Heinrich the Lion or his son Heinrich von Braunschweig had the predecessor building of St. Jacobi built as the castle chapel of the city castle Bolruz, which is mentioned for the first time in 1245. It was given to St. James the Elder. Ä. consecrated to the patron saint of pilgrims. One possible reason for this could have been the location on the Way of St. James , which runs through Weender Straße.

Over time, however, this chapel turned out to be too small, so that in 1350 Duke Ernst I of Braunschweig-Göttingen allowed the church to be enlarged. Today's church was built in several stages.

First the choir and nave were built. The start of construction in 1361 is documented by an inscription on the southern side of the vestibule. In 1372 a papal indulgence was issued, which should strengthen the donation of the faithful. In 1383 a Marian altar was erected in the north aisle, so that it can be assumed that the nave was already completed by this time.

In 1387 the town castle was destroyed to the ground by the citizens of Göttingen against the background of a feud with the reigning Duke Otto III, known as the Quade. From then on, the citizens of the city pushed ahead with the construction of St. Jacobi, with the sacristy, westwork and tower being built.

In 1426 a three-year building contract was signed with Hans Rutenstein from Hildesheim. He is seen as the lead architect of the tower. According to the Göttingen city chronicler Franciscus Lubecus , the tower with a pointed helmet was completed in 1433.

In 1642 this original spire was badly damaged by lightning for the third time (after 1479 and 1555). Only the brickwork that had burned out to the lowest vault remained. In 1697, the half-timbered tower with the baroque French dome , which was regarded as a temporary solution at the time , was built, which still gives the church a characteristic accent in the cityscape.

Between 1891 and 1898 a renovation of the church building and the church interior took place under the direction of Conrad Wilhelm Hase . For example, almost all medieval gargoyles were replaced by new ones. The portal vestibule, which was destroyed in 1642 by the falling, burning spire, was reconstructed beforehand in 1880. From 1900 to 1901 the interior was renovated in neo-Gothic style by Friedrich Jacob, a student of Hase .

In the 1990s, the facade of the nave was plastered again according to a medieval template. The church tower was extensively restored from 2009 to 2014.

Furnishing

Winged altar (feast day side)

The most important treasure inside is the double-winged altar made in 1402 by unknown artists. Its everyday page shows eight scenes from the legend of St. James the Elder, Patron of the Church. If the outer wings are opened, the Sunday side appears. This depicts the youth and passion of Jesus in 16 scenes . When fully open, the festive page can be seen with the coronation of Mary as Queen of Heaven, in the presence of saints .

Other furnishings include a baroque font and the neo-Gothic pulpit , which came into the church around 1900 as part of the renovation led by Jacob. The glass windows in the choir and in the south aisle also date from this period.

Modern art can be found in the church since 1997/98: The five-part window cycle on the north side by Johannes Schreiter translates the 22nd Psalm in color, line and light. Since 2002 there has been a bronze crucifix designed by Joachim Dunkel on the east wall of the south aisle.

The characteristic painting, consisting of geometric shapes, is based on findings from the Renaissance .

A bronze entrance in the form of a scallop in front of the west portal and a figure of the patron saint on the east side of the church have reminded of the nearby pilgrimage route since the 2000s .

Organs

The Ott / Schmid organ

Ott / Schmid organ

The St. Jacobi organ was built in 1966 by the organ builder Paul Ott (Göttingen). The instrument was last extensively renovated in 2006/2007 by Siegfried Schmid (Knottenried, Allgäu ) and added nine registers in a further swell , playable from the fourth manual, and a sub-bass 32 ′ in the pedal . In the course of this, the organ was equipped with a 4000-fold electronic setting system, which replaces the previous punch card setting system. Today the instrument has 67 registers on four manuals and a pedal (4806 pipes ). The playing actions are mechanical, with the exception of the sub-bass 32 ', which is played electrically. The stop actions are electric.

I Rückpositiv C – g 3
1. Praestant 8th'
2. Wooden flute 8th'
3. Quintad 8th'
4th Octave 4 ′
5. Reed flute 4 ′
6th Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
7th Super octave 2 ′
8th. Gemshorn 2 ′
9. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
10. Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
11. Mixture IV-VII 1'
12. Dulcian 16 ′
13. Hopper shelf 8th'
Tremulant
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
14th Grand principal 16 ′
15th Quintad 16 ′
16. octave 8th'
17th Hollow flute 8th'
18th octave 4 ′
19th Dumped 4 ′
20th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
21st Super octave 2 ′
22nd Forest flute 2 ′
23. Mixture IV-VII 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
24. Sharp IV-VI 1'
25th Trumpet 8th'
Zimbelstern
III breast swelling C – g 3
26th Metal dacked 8th'
27. Black viola 8th'
28. Principal 4 ′
29 Spillgedackt 4 ′
30th Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
31. octave 2 ′
32. flute 2 ′ E.
33. Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
34. Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
35. Seventh 1 1 ⁄ 7  ′
36. Super octave 1'
37. Sharp IV-V  2 ⁄ 3 ′
38. Rankett 16 ′
39. Krummhorn 8th'
Tremulant
IV Swell C – g 3
40. Bourdon 16 ′ N
41. Wooden flute 8th' N
42. Viol 8th' N
43. Voix Celeste 8th' N
44. Principal 4 ′ N
45. Transverse flute 4 ′ N
46. Mixture V 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ N
47. oboe 8th' N
48. Clarinet 8th'
Tremulant N

IV Chamadenwerk C – g 3
49. Spanish trumpet 16 ′
40. Spanish trumpet 8th'
51. Spanish trumpet 4 ′
Pedal C – f 1
52. Sub bass 32 ′ N
53. Principal 16 ′
54. Sub bass 16 ′
55. octave 8th'
56. Dumped 8th'
57. Pointed flute 8th' N / E
58. octave 4 ′
59. Wooden flute 4 ′
60. Night horn 2 ′
61. Sesquialtera II 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′
62. Rauschpfeife II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
63. Mixture VI 2 ′
64. Contrabassoon 32 ′
65. trombone 16 ′
66. Trumpet 8th'
67. Clarine 4 ′
  • Coupling : I / II, III / II, IV / I IV / II, I / P, II / P, IV / P
  • Remarks:
N = Register added in 2007 (subsequently)
E = replaced register (No. 32 to 1985 None 8 ⁄ 9 ′, No. 57 to 2007 fifth 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′)

Italian organ

In 2014 an Italian organ was bought, built in 1844 by Vicenzo Ragone from Genoa . She has u. a. via a register that sounds like birdsong. The organ also has a special mid-tone tuning ( 1 ⁄ 4 Pythagorean comma , a 1 = 440 Hz).

C-c³, short octave
1. Principals 8th'
2. Ottava 4 ′
3. Quintadecima 2 ′
4th Decimanona 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
5. Voce umana 8 ′, treble
6th Flauto in Duodecima 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′, treble
Tiratutti train
7th Usignolo (nightingale)

Bells

In the 72 meter high tower of the church there is a four-part chime from 1968, which is complemented by a historical bell from 1423. The latter was probably bought from the parish in Grone in the 16th or 17th century and hung for a long time in the lantern of the tower, where it chimed the hour. In 1942 it was delivered to the bell cemetery in Hamburg, and in 1947 it returned.

The small prayer bell, cast in Eichsfeld in 1626, had the same fate, which, since it does not harmonize with the other bells, is rung separately (daily at 8 a.m., 12 p.m., 6 p.m.).

The chimes stipulate that all five bells only sound on high feast days. During the rest of the church year, one is alternately omitted, so that only four bells sound. Three of these bells ring in again on Saturday at 6 p.m. on Sunday.

Bell jar Casting year Caster ∅
(cm) 		Weight
(kg) 		Nominal
(16th note) 		Note /
special use
1 1968 Rincker , Sinn 134 1399 d 1 funeral
2 124 1078 it 1
3 113 827 f 1 Chime
4th 1423 Henrich Heistirboum 105 625 g 1
5 1968 Rincker, Sinn 84 345 b 1 baptism
Prayer bell 1636 David Fobben 54 125 e 2 Separate from the rest of the bells /
morning, noon, evening bells

The tower also houses a carillon , largely also cast by Rincker in 1968, which consists of 15 bells. The two largest of these (c 2 and d 2 ) are used for the quarter-hour strike. The carillon sounds every Saturday at 11:30 a.m.

Others

Today's Evangelical Lutheran parish of St. Jacobi has around 2000 members.

The church is open daily from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m., Friday to Sunday often until 6:00 p.m. The tower of the church can be visited all year round.

photos

  • The renovated church tower

  • View from the east

  • Gargoyle in the shape of a dragon (1890)

  • Gargoyle "Miser" (1890)

  • Painting of the west portal based on historical findings

  • Working day side of the winged altar

  • Sunday side

  • Gravestone of Marianne Haller († 1736) and her son Albert († 1738)

literature

  • Dieter Unckenbold, Karl-Heinz Bielefeld: The Gothic parish churches in Göttingen , Heinz Reise -verlag, Göttingen 1953.
  • Wulf Schadendorf : Göttingen Churches ( Small Art Guide for Lower Saxony , Book 2) Göttingen 1953.
  • Hans Reuther : architecture. In: Dietrich Denecke , Helga-Maria Kühn (ed.): Göttingen, history of a university town. Volume 1. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1987, pp. 530, 536 f.
  • Bernd Carqué, Hedwig Röckelein (ed.): The high altar retable of the St. Jacobi Church in Göttingen (publications of the Max Planck Institute for History 213. Studies on Germania Sacra 27). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-525-36284-6 .

Web links

Commons : St. Jacobi Church (Göttingen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ G. Eckhardt: Castles, palaces and monasteries in the Göttinger Land . Göttingen 2011.
  2. ↑ A. Arfken, K.-H. Bielefeld: St. Jacobi Church Göttingen . Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2008.
  3. ↑ Göttingen churches of the Middle Ages. Retrieved May 5, 2016 .
  4. ↑ More information about the organ
  5. ↑ Article on the Hessisch Niedersächsische Allgemeine organ , accessed on April 12, 2016
  6. ↑ Italian organ. Retrieved November 19, 2016 .
  7. ↑ Cannons instead of bells - bells instead of cannons. 2008, accessed November 19, 2016 .
  8. ↑ https://glockenspieler.de/carillons-und-glockenspiele/glockenspiele-in-deutschland/goettingen
  9. ^ Organ bells of the Göttinger Tageblatt region , accessed on January 16, 2015
  10. ↑ Dr. Ernst Puschmann: The bells of St. Jacobi: historically, physically, musically . Göttingen 2011.

Coordinates: 51 ° 32 ′ 6 ″  N , 9 ° 56 ′ 8 ″  E