St. Nikolaus (Bernbeuren)
The Catholic parish church of St. Nikolaus and the chapels next to it form an ensemble of Baroque popular piety in the center of Bernbeuren in the Weilheim-Schongau district in Upper Bavaria . The baroque hall at the foot of the Auerberg was built in the 18th century and richly furnished.
history
The rebuilding of the church was caused by the great fire on June 1st, 1720. Only the substructure of the tower could be taken over from the Romanesque-Gothic predecessor building.
The shell was built by Johann Georg Fischer from 1721 to 1723. The stone was broken in the village quarry (Riedhof). In 1725 the auxiliary bishop of Augsburg, Johann Jakob von Mayr , consecrated the church. The furnishings were only completed in 1775 when the choir was painted.
A major restoration took place from 1860 to 1864. From 1934 to 1936 the room was dehumidified and the original state was reconstructed. For this some stucco additions were necessary. The exterior was renovated from 1979 to 1981. From 1991 to 1993 the interior of the parish church was renovated.
description
The exterior is rather simple and is only structured by the arched, closed windows. The choir is drawn in half the width of the nave. In the northern corner of the choir is the Lechbruck sandstone bell tower (plastered), the Romanesque substructure of which is crowned by an octagonal, domed tower from the 18th century. The tower is 32 m high in total.
The broadly proportioned hall of the five-bay nave is vaulted by a basket arch barrel , the presbytery by a pendentive dome. A semi-dome spans the end of the choir. Three stuccoed oratorios protrude from the arched niches at the choir entrance .
Furnishing
The band work piece of the nave was created in 1723/24 by Balthasar Suiter (Stephans-Rettenberg, master mason at Dillingen on the Danube ), the choir was stuccoed by Johann Georg Vogel ( Wessobrunn ). The oratorios in the vestibule are by Joseph Fischer ( Faulenbach bei Füssen, 1735/1736).
The frescoes in the nave were painted by Johann Heel ( Kaufbeuren , 1723/1724) on behalf of the Marian Brotherhood. The temple walk and the Ascension of the Blessed Mother and the Immaculate Conception are depicted. The domes above the sanctuary show St. Nicholas and the Knights (Liberation of the Innocent Condemned, Main Dome) and the Glorification of the Eucharist . Both paintings were only created in 1775 ( chronogram ), the master was Franz Xaver Bernhard from Eggenthal . The draft of the main fresco (oil sketch) is kept in the rectory.
The designs for the altars and the pulpit are said to go back to Anton Sturm, who is also responsible for the white sculptures. The altars have four-column structures. The front pairs of pillars are each twisted and turned inward. The high altar is complemented by screwed column positions on the sides, the windows are included in the structure. Instead of painted altar leaves, sculptures are enthroned in the altar niches. The church patron St. Nicholas is the center of the high altar, the side altars bear St. Josef and a Pietà , each accompanied by assistant figures.
The pulpit on the south side of the nave shows the four evangelists on the basket , the church fathers and the Jesus boy as a good shepherd stand on the sound cover . The blessing God the Father is enthroned above all. Putti play around the base of the pulpit . As a counterpart, a large crucifix hangs over the confessional on the north side, the accompanying figures of which have been painted on the wall.
The paintings in the organ gallery are modern and depict episodes from the history of the place (Josef Albrechtskirchinger, 1936). The organ prospectus was created in 1957, the work comes from the Hindelang brothers from Ebenhofen.
The large-format Way of the Cross in the nave, which Bernhard Ramis painted in 1734/1735, has a great decorative effect . The 14 wide panels (107 × 136 cm) show the Passion of Christ in multi-figure, spirited depictions in the style of baroque folk plays.
Chapel of the Visitation of Mary
The former pilgrimage chapel of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary in the old cemetery was built in 1728 to replace the Gothic baptistery, which was destroyed in a fire. The small sacred building was renovated from 2005 to the beginning of 2007 and is open again.
The retracted choir with its lantern dome is attached to the single-nave hall of the chapel. The band work piece was created by Joseph Fischer (1736), and the frescoes by Johann Heel in the same year. In the nave, the homage to Mary by the residents of Bernbeuren is shown. In the choir you can see scenes from the life of Mary and Marian emblems in the cartouches.
The altars were built around 1730/1740. The image of Mary in the high altar was added around 1900. Between the winding columns of the side altars are the statues of Wiesheiland with the hll. Longinus and Stephanus (north side altar) or the "Sorrowful Mother of God".
A small Lourdes chapel has stood between the Chapel of the Visitation of Mary and the parish church since the end of the 19th century. The back wall is a rock grotto with a figure of Mary and St. Bernadette designed.
literature
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments, Bavaria IV: Munich and Upper Bavaria . Arranged: Ernst Götz, Heinrich Habel u. a. 3. Edition. Munich 2006, ISBN 3-422-03115-4 .
- Georg Paula , Stefanie Berg-Hobohm : District Weilheim-Schongau (= Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation [Hrsg.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume I.23 ). Lipp, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-87490-585-3 .
- Hugo Schnell: Bernbeuren / OBB in the Pfaffenwinkel . Schnell & Steiner, 1999, ISBN 3-7954-4187-0 .
Web links
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 47 ° 44 ′ 10.2 ″ N , 10 ° 46 ′ 40.5 ″ E