Johann Heel
Johann Heel (born August 15, 1685 in Pfronten -Ried im Allgäu, † March 31, 1749 in Göggingen ) was a South German Baroque painter. Most of his work can be found in today's Bavarian Swabia .
Life
Heel was born as the eldest son of the wealthy Pfronten haulier, brewer, restaurateur and farmer Martin Heel. Due to the early death of his mother and the second marriage of his father, however, he lost his right to his parents' inn. Johann could therefore choose an occupation that fully corresponded to his inclination and artistic talent. That such a disposition existed in the family was also evident from his younger half-brother Peter Heel (1696–1767), who became a sculptor.
On September 29, 1699, Johann Heel began a four-year apprenticeship as a painter with Johann Georg Knappich (1637–1704) in Augsburg. After the death of his teacher on September 14, 1704, his “cousin”, the painter Johann Rieger, acquitted. In 1717 Heel married Maria Anna Schneider von Pfronten-Röfleuten, a sister of the wife of his half-brother Peter. With her he bought the former "Bühlersche Gartengut" in Göggingen near Augsburg on March 29, 1717 . His son Johann Baptist Heel, who also became a painter, was born there in 1722.
Like many other painters of the time, he also used engravings from Johann Georg Bergmüller (1688–1762) for his pictures . Motifs by Cosmas Damian Asam (1686–1739), who was the same age as Heel , also appear in Heel's work. The fact that Heel was also involved in Asam's large-scale orders in Weingarten (1718) and Aldersbach (1720) as a subordinate employee can only be assumed, but so far not proven.
plant
- Frescoes
Only a few of Johann Heel's frescoes have remained unchanged. Most of them were changed unfavorably or even painted over during restorations in the 19th century, which was hostile to the baroque. Later uncovering did not give them their original appearance. Heel's son Johann Baptist could also have been involved in the work from around 1740. Unless otherwise stated, the works listed are the entire frescoing in the respective church.
- around 1710: Bichlbach / Tyrol: Guild Church of St. Josef Z
- 1723/24: Bernbeuren : Parish church St. Nikolaus (nave) p
- around 1725/30 (?): Füssen : Chapel St. Anna (middle fresco) Z
- 1725/30: Pfronten -Heitlern: Filial church St. Leonhard A
- 1727: Roßhaupten : Parish church St. Andreas S, D
- around 1728: Frauentödling / Lower Bavaria: Church of the Assumption of Mary S
- 1729: Inningen : Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul A
- 1729: Pinswang / Tyrol: Parish Church of St. Ulrich S, D
- 1730: Buchloe : parish church of the Divine Mother Z
- 1730: Weißensee: Parish Church St. Walburga A, D
- around 1730: Steingaden- Kreuzberg: Filial church Hl. Kreuz Z
- around 1730: Rettenberg : Parish church St. Stephan (mostly probably painted over) Z
- 1732: Füssen : Former St. Mang Monastery (fresco above the gate) A.
- 1732: Leitershofen : Old parish church St. Oswald Z
- 1735/36: Geisenried : Parish Church St. Alban (choir) Z
- 1736: Bernbeuren : Marienkapelle Z
- 1738: Mauerstetten : Parish church St. Vitus S, D
- 1740: Schwabmünchen : Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows Z
- around 1740: Rückholz - Schönewald : Chapel of St. Antonius Z
- after 1741: Wehringen : parish church St. Georg Z
- 1743: Füssen : Former Garden pavilion of the St. Mang Z monastery
- 1747: Lengenfeld : Parish Church of St. Nikolaus Z
- before 1749: Hohenfurch : Parish Church of the Assumption of Mary (also Way of the Cross) S, D (?)
- Panel paintings
Most of these, but not exclusively, are altar leaves. The number of pictures painted by Johann Heel is given in brackets.
- around 1710: Bichlbach / Tyrol: Guild Church of St. Josef (3) p
- 1715: Maria Rain : Parish and pilgrimage church Maria Rain (4) S, D
- 1723: Marktoberdorf : Heimatmuseum (1) S, D
- 1726: Pfronten -Ösch: Heimatmuseum im Karzer (1) S, D
- 1728 (?): Pfronten -Röfleuten: Chapel of St. Johannes Evangelist (2) Z
- 1728 (?): Füssen : Filialkirche St. Sebastian (2) p
- around 1729: Buchloe : parish church of the Divine Mother (1) Z
- 1729: Inningen : Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul (1) Z
- 1730: Weißensee : Parish Church St. Walburga (6) A
- around 1730: Kranzegg: Marienkapelle (1) Z
- 1735: Lengenfeld : Parish Church of St. Nikolaus (2) A
- 1735/36: Bobingen : Parish Church of St. Felicitas (1) A
- 1737: Leuterschach : Parish Church St. Johannes Baptist (5) Z
- around 1740: Pfronten- Berg: Parish church St. Nikolaus (14) Z
- 1741: Rückholz : Parish Church St. Georg (2) Z
- around 1742: Reinhartshausen: Parish Church of St. Laurentius (7) S and Z
- around 1744/45: Thannhausen : Parish Church of the Assumption of Mary (2) Z
- around 1747: Gundelfingen : parish church St. Martin (1) p
- Barrel work
- 1735/36: Bobingen : Parish Church of St. Felicitas (high altar) A
- 1737: Batzenhofen : Parish church St. Martin (gold plating) A
Note: The following abbreviations are used in the frescoes, panel paintings and barrel work: A = archival documented work, S = signed work, D = dated work, Z = attribution (only attributions that are considered certain)
literature
- Herbert Wittmann: Johann Heel (1685-1749) - the Gögginger painter from Pfronten (frescoes). In: Yearbook of the historical association "Alt Füssen". Alt Füssen 2002, ISSN 0939-2467 , pp. 73-126
- Herbert Wittmann: Johann Heel (1685-1749) - the Gögginger painter from Pfronten - his panel paintings. In: Yearbook of the historical association "Alt Füssen". Alt Füssen 2003, ISSN 0939-2467 , pp. 62-96
- Alois Epple: Johann Heel also painted after engravings by Johann Bergmüller. In: Yearbook of the historical association "Alt Füssen". Alt Füssen 2003, ISSN 0939-2467 , pp. 47-61
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Heel, Johann |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Heel, Johannes |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 15, 1685 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Pfronten |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 31, 1749 |
| Place of death | Göggingen |