Peter Heel
Johann Peter Heel (born May 9, 1696 in Pfronten -Ried im Allgäu, † April 26, 1767 in Pfronten-Röfleuten) was a German Rococo sculptor. A contemporary of Heels, the beneficiary Seyfried in Maria Rain, calls him the “prominent sculptor in Pfronten”. Peter Heel is the half-brother of the fresco painter Johann Heel .
Life
Peter Heel was the eldest son of eight children of the wealthy innkeeper Martin Heel and his second wife Katharina, née Sprenger, born. He will have received his first artistic training in his hometown himself. Many skilled artisans lived here in the 17th and 18th centuries, including the sculptor Nikolaus Babel . Peter Heel has almost certainly attended an academy, because he is often referred to as "Herr" in the letter minutes of the Pfronten administrative office, a title that was only given to students here. Stylistic cross-connections indicate an apprenticeship with Ehrgott Bernhard Bendl in Augsburg . There are also indications of a lifelong friendship with Joseph Anton Feuchtmayer . Heel only married Maria Ursula Schneider, the sister of the wife of his half-brother Johann Heel, who worked as a painter in Göggingen , in 1739 . Peter Heel died childless. In the death register he is referred to as artis statuariae peritissimus (very experienced in sculpture).
plant
Sculptor and plasterer
Only very few figures from Peter Heel's hand have been archived for him. However, a lot of sculptures in southern Germany can be ascribed to him. Heels figures are characterized by high elegance and ecstatic movement. Typical of the sculptor is the elaboration of the vestments with a multitude of angular, prismatic folds. Here heel proves to be an excellent expert. As a sculptor, Heel was also allowed to do stucco work. There is archival evidence of his activity in the St. Leonhard branch church in Pfronten-Heitlern. The choir is decorated with rich figural and vegetable stucco decorations as well as excellent full-figured putti. Heel probably also worked in the Frauentödling pilgrimage church (Lower Bavaria), where his half-brother Johann Heel (1685–1749) painted signed frescoes.
Building surveyor
When it became necessary to rebuild the Pfronten church tower in 1746, Heel designed the dimensions and shapes of the slender rococo tower and, together with the bailiff Mang Anton Stapf, also managed the construction work. Tradition wants to know that the 61 meter high “sculpture tower” turned out to be so high because Heel wanted to look at the church clock of the parish church in Pfronten-Berg from his property in Pfronten-Röfleuten.
Altar builder
Heel's wealth of forms is best demonstrated by the choir altar of the pilgrimage church Maria Hilf in Speiden with its C-shaped volutes. The pillars have lost their load-bearing function here, giving the impression of a sail billowing between the masts. This scene is interpreted as a ship with which the Mother of God guides the believers safely through the storms of life.
Catalog raisonné
In addition to Heel's sparse archival works, there have also been a few generally recognized attributions. However, through targeted research and style comparison, the Pfronten sculptor has been able to ascribe many more and previously unknown works in recent years. Only the most important of these are listed in the following catalog raisonné. The archival documented works are identified by the addition “arch.”.
- 1717/1721: Weingarten , basilica: collaboration on the choir stalls (arch.)
- around 1725: Aldersbach , former Cistercian abbey church: Collaboration on the decoration of the figures
- 1725/1730: Pfronten -Heitlern, branch church: stucco (arch.)
- around 1730: Frauentödling / Lower Bavaria: pilgrimage church: stucco
- around 1730: Kranzegg , chapel: 3 altars with figures
- 1730/1735: Rettenberg , parish church: altar designs (?), Altar sculptures (arch.), Pulpit
- 1730/1740: Karlsruhe , museum: 2 figures
- 1730/1740: Breitenwang (Tyrol), parish church: tabernacle with plastic
- 1732: Speiden pilgrimage church : 3 altars with figures and a crucifix (arch.)
- around 1735 (?): Untermaiselstein , parish church: "Christ at rest"
- 1736: Wolfegg , parish church: high altar sculpture (arch.)
- 1737: Dillingen , St. John of Nepomuk (arch.)
- 1737: Wolfegg , crypt chapel: altar sculpture (archived - lost!)
- 1737/1738: Pfronten -Heitlern, branch church: high altar (arch.)
- 1739: Eckarts , parish church: 2 side altars (3 figures now in the Georgianum, Munich)
- around 1740: Bichlbach (Tyrol), parish church: 2 side altar figures
- 1740/1741: Pfronten -Weißbach: 2 putti and 2 candlesticks
- 1741: Schöllang , parish church: 2 figures and 2 angels at the high altar
- 1743: Eisenberg -Zell, parish church: Dungeon Christ
- 1746/1749: Pfronten-Berg , parish church: church tower (design and construction management, arch.)
- 1747: Oberostendorf , parish church: 4 niche figures in the choir
- around 1750: Hamlet , Museum: Altar design (signed - now lost!)
- around 1750: Seifriedsberg , parish church: 14 helper relief, 4 pulpit figures (now in the old parish church of Senden), large nativity figures
- around 1750: Innergschwend , chapel: kneeling Maria Immakulata
- around 1750: Mittelneufnach , parish church: Kreuzgruppe
- around 1750: Fischen , parish church: 2 pulpit figures, 4 side altar figures
- around 1750 (?): Füssen , parish church St. Mang: 4 candlestick angels (2 now in the sacristy, the other two in the hut chapel of Pflach / Tyrol)
- around 1750: Sonthofen , local history museum: seated figure of the evangelist Markus
- 1753: Füssen , St. Mang parish church: organ prospectus with figures and ornaments (arch.)
- 1754: Munich , graphic collection: pulpit design (signed)
- 1754/1755: Wehringen , parish church: right side altar with figures (arch.), Left side altar
- around 1755: Lermoos (Tyrol), parish church: 2 busts, 2 confessional and choir chair
- around 1760: Rottach , branch church ("dungeon chapel"): dungeon Christ
- 1760/1765: Füssen -Weißensee, parish church: 2 reliquary containers, lecture cross (arch.)
- 1762/1763: Wertach , St. Sebastian Chapel: crucifix
- 1762/1765: Maria Rain , pilgrimage church: planning of the Rococo furnishings (arch.), Tabernacle altar
- around 1765: Oy , parish church: Mater Dolorosa
- around 1765: Sulzschneid , parish church: Dungeon Christ
- around 1765: Wängle (Tyrol), parish dedication: kneeling St. John of Nepomuk
More excellent work by Peter Heel
Putten in Speiden
St. Catherine of Siena in Rettenberg
St. Michael in Kranzegg
St. John Nepomuk in Dillingen
literature
- Herbert Wittmann: Peter Heel (1696-1767). In the yearbook of the historical association "Alt Füssen". Alt Füssen 2001, ISSN 0939-2467 , pp. 50-88.
- Herbert Wittmann: Peter Heel (1696–1767) - sculptor, plasterer and building expert. Additions. In: Yearbook of the historical association "Alt Füssen". Alt Füssen 2004, ISSN 0939-2467 , pp. 83-106.
- Herbert Wittmann: Peter Heel. The distinguished sculptor von Pfronten, Friedberg / Bayern, Edition Atlantis, 2017, ISBN 978-3-932711-57-2
- Klaus Wankmiller: With knife and mallet ! Works by Pfrontener Sculptors in Ausserfern - Catalog for the exhibition street (= publications of the Museum Association of the Reutte District - Volume XI), Reutte 2017. ISBN 978-3-9503706-7-6 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Alois Wagner: On the building and art history of the parish and pilgrimage church Maria Rain near Nesselwang. In: Munich Yearbook of Fine Arts. New series, Volume XII, Small contributions, pp. XLIX to LV, 1937/1938
- ↑ Adolf Schröppel and Annemarie Schröppel in: Encounter. Parish letter from the parish of St. Nikolaus Pfronten. No. 12, 1975. reprinted in: Pfrontener churches and chapels and their pastors. Heimatverein Pfronten, 2002
- ↑ Lothar Altmann in: Mariahilf in Speiden. 2nd Edition. Schnell & Steiner, 1985. (Schnell Art Guide No. 1187.)
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Heel, Peter |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Heel, Johann Peter (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German Rococo sculptor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 9, 1696 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Pfronten -Ried |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 26, 1767 |
| Place of death | Pfronten -Röfleuten |