Stanisław Szeptycki

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Stanisław Szeptycki, General of Arms, early 1920s

Stanisław Maria Jan Teofil Szeptycki (born November 3, 1867 in Przyłbice , near Jaworów , Austria-Hungary ; † October 9, 1950 in Korczyna ) was major general in the Austro-Hungarian and a high officer in the Polish army and a politician of the interwar period in Poland .

Life

Szeptycki was born in Galicia , then part of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy . He was the son of Count Jan Kanty Szeptycki, a member of the Austrian Imperial Council . His mother was Zofia, b. Fredro, daughter of the well-known comedy writer Aleksander Fredro . Szeptycki's brother was Andrej Scheptyzkyj , Metropolitan of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church .

The young count joined the Austro-Hungarian army and studied artillery at the Imperial and Royal Technical Military Academy in Vienna . After various assignments, he worked as a military attaché for Austria in Rome from 1911 to 1914 . Here he was promoted to colonel in the general staff.

In 1914 he joined the Polish Legions , where he led the III. Brigade took over. From November 1916 he was in command of the legions that had been transferred to the newly founded Polish Aid Corps on September 19, 1916 . The mood in the troops was bad because of the imminent submission to the Supreme Command of the German Army and Szeptycki had to take tough action to maintain discipline. The corps was initially under the command of the Austro-Hungarian High Command and was to be sworn in on July 9, 1917 as a controversial brotherhood in arms with the armies of the Central Powers . On his trip to Warsaw for the swearing-in ceremony of the corps, Szeptycki learned of the cancellation of the event as a result of the oath crisis .

Until February 1918, Szeptycki was then used by the Austrians as governor general in Lublin . From June to October 1918 he led the 85th Landwehr Infantry Brigade . In November 1918 he joined the newly founded Polish Army and took over from Tadeusz Rozwadowski the post of Chief of the Polish General Staff , which he held until March 1919. On November 4, the Warsaw Regency Council appointed Division General Szeptycki as commander of all Polish armed forces in the former Austro-Hungarian partition and the part of Galicia under Polish control.

During the Polish-Soviet War , Szeptycki commanded the Polish Northern Front and the 4th Polish Army. At the beginning of August 1919 he led the successful attack on Minsk , under him were Władysław Anders and Stefan Mokrzecki . As a result, there were differences of opinion with Józef Piłsudski , whereupon he was removed from his command.

Szeptycki now joined the Narodowa Demokracja movement and openly opposed Piłsudski's policies. From June to December 1923 he was in the coalition cabinet of Wincenty Witos Minister in Military Affairs (Minister spraw wojskowych); During this time he challenged Piłsudski to a duel, which was refused by the latter because, according to the code of honor, the lower rank could not demand the higher rank. After Piłsudski's successful May coup in 1926, Szeptycki was dismissed from his public office. Szeptycki now withdrew to his property in Korczyna.

After the Second World War he headed the Polish Red Cross until 1950 . In consideration of his achievements in the Polish liberation struggle, Szeptycki was approved by the socialist government of Poland after the war to live on his property in Korczyna until his death.

Awards

literature

Web links

Commons : Stanisław Szeptycki  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Piotr Szymon Łoś: Szkice do portretu Ziemian polskich XX wieku , ISBN 978-8-373-99135-4 , Oficyna Wydawniczy Rytm, 2005, p 338
  2. ↑ Mordecai Paldiel : Saving the Jews: Men and Women who Defied the Final Solution , ISBN 978-1-58979-734-5 , Lanham, Taylor Trade Publications, 2011 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  3. ^ Jagiellonian University (ed.): Studia Austro-Polonica , Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (PWN), from the series: Zeszyty naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego , Krakau 1989, p. 249
  4. ↑ Beata Dorota Lake Mountain: The German minority press in Poland 1918-1939 and its Polish and Jewish image (=  the Germans and Eastern Europe . Volume 6 ). Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2010, ISBN 978-3-631-60048-1 , p. 312 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ↑ Hans Roos and Manfred Alexander: History of the Polish Nation 1818 - 1985: From the founding of the state in the First World War to the present , Urban books, Volume 49, Edition 4, ISBN 978-3-170-07587-0 , Kohlhammer, 1986
  6. ^ Theodor von Zeynek, Peter Broucek: An officer in the General Staff Corps remembers , ISBN 978-3-205-78149-3 , from: Publications of the Commission for Modern History of Austria , Volume 101, Vienna: Böhlau, Vienna 2009, p. 184, Footnote 235 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  7. ↑ Arthur Hausner: The Polish Policy of the Central Powers and the Austro-Hungarian Military Administration in Poland during the World War , Hollinek, 1935, p. 173 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  8. ↑ According to another source, Szeptycki was appointed Governor General as early as May 1917, according to Bruno Thoss and Hans Erich Volkmann: First World War. Second World War: a comparison. War, war experience, war experience in Germany , ISBN 978-3-506-79161-0 , Military History Research Office , Schöningh , 2002, p. 578 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  9. ↑ Torsten Wehrhahn: The West Ukrainian People's Republic: on Polish-Ukrainian relations and the problem of Ukrainian statehood in the years 1918 to 1923 (dissertation at the Free University of Berlin, 2001), Berlin Weißensee-Verlag, Berlin 2004, p. 137
  10. ^ Adam Zamoyski: Warsaw 1920: Lenin's failed conquest of Europe , ISBN 978-0-00-722552-1 , HarperPress, London 2008, p. 41 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  11. ↑ Polityka magazine , issues 14-26, Wydawnictwo Prasowe "Polityka", 2009, p. 76
  12. ↑ Roman juries and Tadeusz Szafar: Pitaval polityczny. 1918-1939 , publisher: Czytelnik, 1971, p. 148
  13. ↑ Harvard Ukrainian Studies , Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, 1991, p. 101
  14. ^ Longina Jakubowska: Patrons of history: nobility, capital and political transitions in Poland , Ashgate Publishing, Farnham / Surrey 2012: More than a suitcase
personal data
SURNAME Szeptycki, Stanisław
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Szeptycki, Stanisław Maria Jan Teofil
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish general
DATE OF BIRTH November 3, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Przyłbice
DATE OF DEATH October 9, 1950
Place of death Korczyna