Stavros Zurukzoglu

Stavros Zurukzoglu (born April 5, 1896 in Smyrna ; † November 26, 1966 in Bern ) was a Greek - Swiss doctor who worked in Bern.

Life

Education

Zurukzoglu “attended the Greek-French grammar school in Smyrna. In 1915 he began studying medicine in Berlin. After a short stay at the University of Geneva , Zurukzoglu moved to the University of Bern in 1919 and completed his studies there in 1920. He then wrote a dissertation with Georg Sobernheim at the Institute for Hygiene and Bacteriology in Bern on the methodology of the bacteriological diagnosis of diphtheria (doctoral degree February 23, 1921). Stavros Zurukzoglu spent 1922/23 in Munich, where he first worked under Max von Gruber and attended his lectures. Then he was introduced to the biological principles of social and racial hygiene by Ignaz Kaup . At that time Munich was a center of race hygiene teaching and science. During his stay, Zurukzoglu got to know many important race hygienists, including Fritz Lenz . His time in Munich was interrupted by several months of research in the lung sanatorium Wehrawald / Black Forest. In 1924/25 Zurukzoglu stayed in Athens , where he studied the national hygiene problems of the Mediterranean countries and obtained a license to practice the medical profession in Greece. The final result of his time in Munich was published in 1925 in the series Grenzfragen des Nerven- und Geistenleben in Bergmann Verlag, Munich, Biological Problems of Racial Hygiene and the Cultivated Nations . "

Teaching

"In 1927 Zurukzoglu completed his habilitation with the work Experimental Investigation of Vaccine and Herpes at the University of Bern for the subject of hygiene and bacteriology " and became a private lecturer there .

“In the summer semester of 1928 he was an assistant at Georg Sobernheim . He also worked in the Federal Department of Finance on the revision of the alcohol legislation and became a medical expert for the Federal Statistical Office . In 1932 Stavros Zurukzoglu became a Swiss citizen . "

In 1938, Zurukzoglu was "added to the teaching assignment for bacteriology and hygiene with that for social and genetic hygiene ". Zurukzoglu "held lectures on the following topics, among other things":

Hereditary health care ,
Forensic biology ,
Home hygiene ,
Housing policy ,
Luxury foods and indulgence addictions ,

Population problem in Switzerland,

Basics of social hygiene ,

Industrial hygiene ,

International hygiene ,

Mental hygiene ,

Doctrine of the blood groups .

In addition to his teaching activities

"In 1938 and 1949 he participated as a Swiss delegate in conferences on the revision of the international nomenclature of causes of death ",
he worked "as a research assistant for the Federal Alcohol Administration ",
he headed "an educational institution for social work ",
he founded "the International Academy for Spiritual Culture ",
"He was employed in various commissions dealing with the alcohol issue and wrote many scientific papers on it".

In 1950 he was in brief correspondence with Carl Albert Loosli .

“In 1951 he applied for an extraordinary professorship . The request was rejected by the Bern Medical Faculty after a lengthy evaluation in 1955. In contrast, on November 2, 1955, the appointment as honorary professor for the summer semester of 1956 was approved. ”So in 1956 he became honorary professor for social hygiene and eugenics .

Zurukzoglu was married to a Bernese woman. "Stavros Zurukzoglu died on November 26, 1966 at the age of 71 in Bern ."

meaning

“As a lifetime achievement, Zurukzoglu left a total of 82 publications. These can be divided into two main groups: bacteriological - serological works and social hygienic eugenic works. The eugenics is in the wide creative District of Zurukzoglu only a part. In order to capture his person and its importance in full, is the processing of other aspects, such as the use of alcohol prevention or microbiological studies Zurukzoglus necessary. "

Nevertheless, Zurukzoglu is best known today as a race hygienist.

Zurukzoglu did research on eugenics, population theory, alcoholism and criminal biology . "The very titles of his works testify that the lecturer and honorary professor at the University of Bern is particularly committed to Greek culture , against alcoholism and topics such as ' racial hygiene ' or 'hereditary hygiene', ' degeneration ' and 'preventing hereditary offspring' expressed, advocating internment , sterilization and castration of 'inferior' people. ”He had a major influence on the eugenics discourse of the 1940s.

“In the congratulatory advertisements in the Swiss Medical Weekly for his 60th and 70th birthday, Stavros Zurukzoglu is described as a very calm, pleasant and, above all, scientifically precise person. His attention to detail and his scientific merits are highly praised. "

"Zurukzoglu is almost a textbook example of a person who knows how to bring together experts from the most varied of spiritual directions in order to work with them to win a synopsis on complex areas of life and science and guidelines for human behavior ."

- Georg Sobernheim (apud Pfortmüller)

“Above all, Zurukzoglu's achievements in alcohol research and prophylaxis were honored, for example his participation in the statutory recognition of alcoholism as a disease and the publication of the handbook The Alcohol Question in Switzerland and the accompanying supplements, works which are praised at home and abroad were. "

Fonts (selection)

Biological Problems of Racial Hygiene and the Cultivated Peoples (1925)

Biological problems of racial hygiene and the civilized peoples (= border issues of nervous and mental life. Ed. By Ernst Kretschmer . H. 123). Munich 1925 (A dissertation was written on this work ).

A study on sexually transmitted diseases in Switzerland , in: Archive for Social Hygiene and Demography 2 (1926/27) 406–408.

Greek spring. Foreword by Albert Malche . Schwabe, Basel 1928.

Concept and tasks of abnormal statistics. Lecture given on May 9, 1931 at the 10th Annual General Meeting of the Association for Curative Education Seminar Zurich. Curative Education Seminar Zurich, Zurich 1931.

Marriage and hygiene. A presentation. Francke, Bern 1934.

(Ed.) The alcohol question in Switzerland. 2 volumes. Schwabe, Basel 1934–1945.

(Ed.) Ludwig Binswanger , Friedrich Braun, Carl Brugger : Prevention of hereditary offspring. A critical consideration and appreciation. Schwabe, Basel 1938 (a dissertation was written on this work ).

Alcohol and illness. New findings from a canton hospital (= supplements to the alcohol question in Switzerland. H. 4). Schwabe, Basel 1941.

with Walter von Gunten: The causes of poverty. Sociological examination in the Bärau catering facility. 2 volumes. 1943.

Nature and necessity of health care (= Hofmann Library. 103). EA Hofmann, Zurich 1944.

The alcohol question and its solution (= supplements to contemporary health care. H. 1). Schwabe, Basel 1945

Humanity at a crossroads. Is there a way out of today's moral chaos? Gerber, Schwarzenburg 1949.

with Paul Nussbaum: The meaning of the “feeling of inferiority” for alcoholism. Origin, treatment, prevention. Gerber, Schwarzenburg 1954.

with Hermann Neuhaus, Paul Bürgin, Hermann Gut: The alcohol-related crime in the Swiss Army during active service 1939–1945 (= supplements on the alcohol question in Switzerland. H. 29). Bern 1956.

Is Drunkenness an Illness? The problem of health insurance contributions for the treatment of alcoholics in the field of vision of the doctor. Result of a survey among doctors (= supplements to the alcohol question in Switzerland. H. 35). Schwabe, Basel 1963.

Hereditary hygiene problems. In: Anton Fingerle (Ed.): Race question today. Edited by the Society for Christian-Jewish Cooperation Munich. 2nd, expanded edition. Munich 1963, pp. 71-80.

Alcoholism as a cause of illness. Summary and comparison of various surveys (= supplements on the alcohol question in Switzerland. H. 40/41). Schwabe, Basel 1965.

The problem of damage to the offspring by alcohol (= supplements to the alcohol question in Switzerland. H. 42). Schwabe, Basel 1966.

literature

Anniversary fonts

Georg Sobernheim : Biography Prof. Dr. med. St. Zurukzoglu on the occasion of his 60th birthday . In: Swiss Medical Weekly . No. 20 , 1956, pp. 444 .
Paul Kielholz : Prof. Stavros Zurukzoglu on his 70th birthday . In: Swiss Medical Weekly . tape 96 , no. 13 , 1966, pp. 513 .

Dissertations

Gottfried Ernst-Albert Gustav Rosenow: The status of the eugenics debate in Switzerland in 1938. The work “Prevention of hereditary offspring”, Basel 1938 . Medical History Institute of the University of Bern, Bern 1990, OCLC 79234898 (medical dissertation, University of Bern, 1990).
Carmen Andrea Pfortmüller: Hygienist between prophylaxis and selection: Stavros Zurukzoglu - The racial hygienic views of the later professor of hygiene at the University of Bern, based on the work "Biological problems of racial hygiene and the cultural peoples", 1925. Bern 2007, OCLC 603226308 (medical dissertation under led by Urs Boschung , University of Bern, 2007).

additional

Sevasti Trubeta: Anthropological Discourse and Eugenics in Interwar Greece. In: Marius Turda, Paul J. Weindling (Eds.): Eugenics and Racial Nationalism in Central and Southeast Europe, 1900-1940. Central European University Press, Budapest 2007, ISBN 978-963-7326-77-6 , pp. 123-144 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).

Web links

Literature by and about Stavros Zurukzoglu in the catalog of the German National Library
Literature by and about Stavros Zurukzoglu in the bibliographic database WorldCat

Individual evidence

↑ Kürschner's German Scholar Calendar. 1970.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Carmen Andrea Pfortmüller: Hygienist between prophylaxis and selection: Stavros Zurukzoglu: The racial hygienic views of the later professor of hygiene at the University of Bern, based on the work Biological Problems of Racial Hygiene and the Cultivated Peoples , 1925 . 2010, OCLC 731816920 , A2 biography Stavros Zurukzoglu, p. 9-11 .
↑ ^a ^{b The} charm and foreignness of Jewish culture: 150 years of Jewish communities in the canton of Bern. P. Lang, Bern 2000 ( books.google.de ).
↑ ead.nb.admin.ch
↑ ^a ^b Sevasti Trubeta: Anthropological Discourse and Eugenics in Interwar Greece. In: Marius Turda, Paul J. Weindling (Eds.): Eugenics and Racial Nationalism in Central and Southeast Europe, 1900-1940. Central European University Press, Budapest 2007, ISBN 978-963-7326-77-6 , pp. 123-144 ( p. 130 online ).
↑ Thomas Huonker : Comments on the terminology used by those responsible for poor and forced labor institutions in Bern as well as on research by Zurukzoglu, Hanhart, Buda and other university scholars on "signs of degeneration" in internees in institutions in Bern and Zurich between 1937 and 1946, which were shaped by "social-biological" ideologues. February 2008.
↑ Gilles Jean Monod, Jacques Gasser, Geneviève Heller: Historical Aspects of Psychiatry in French-Speaking Switzerland During World War II. In: International Journal of Mental Health. Vol. 36, No. 1. Spring 2007, pp. 26-44, doi: 10.2753 / IMH0020-7411360103
^ Georg Sobernheim : Biography of Prof. Dr. med. St. Zurukzoglu on the occasion of his 60th birthday . In: Swiss Medical Weekly . No. 20 , 1956, pp. 444 .
↑ Carmen Andrea Pfortmüller: Hygienist between prophylaxis and selection: Stavros Zurukzoglu: The racial hygienic views of the later professor of hygiene at the University of Bern, based on the work Biological Problems of Racial Hygiene and the Cultivated Peoples , 1925 . 2010, OCLC 731816920 .
^ Gottfried Ernst-Albert Gustav Rosenow .: The status of the eugenics debate in Switzerland in 1938. The work "Prevention of hereditary offspring", Basel 1938 . Dissertation University of Bern . Bern 1990, OCLC 79234898 .

personal data
SURNAME	Zurukzoglu, Stavros
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Greek-Swiss doctor
DATE OF BIRTH	April 5, 1896
PLACE OF BIRTH	Smyrna
DATE OF DEATH	November 26, 1966
Place of death	Bern

[kürschner-1] Kürschner's German Scholar Calendar. 1970.

[pfortmüller9-11-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Carmen Andrea Pfortmüller: Hygienist between prophylaxis and selection: Stavros Zurukzoglu: The racial hygienic views of the later professor of hygiene at the University of Bern, based on the work Biological Problems of Racial Hygiene and the Cultivated Peoples , 1925 . 2010, OCLC 731816920 , A2 biography Stavros Zurukzoglu, p. 9-11 .

[rf-3] {b The} charm and foreignness of Jewish culture: 150 years of Jewish communities in the canton of Bern. P. Lang, Bern 2000 ( books.google.de ).

[loosli-4] .nb.admin.ch

[tr-5] Sevasti Trubeta: Anthropological Discourse and Eugenics in Interwar Greece. In: Marius Turda, Paul J. Weindling (Eds.): Eugenics and Racial Nationalism in Central and Southeast Europe, 1900-1940. Central European University Press, Budapest 2007, ISBN 978-963-7326-77-6 , pp. 123-144 ( p. 130 online ).

[huonker-6] Thomas Huonker : Comments on the terminology used by those responsible for poor and forced labor institutions in Bern as well as on research by Zurukzoglu, Hanhart, Buda and other university scholars on "signs of degeneration" in internees in institutions in Bern and Zurich between 1937 and 1946, which were shaped by "social-biological" ideologues. February 2008.

[jeanmonod-7] Gilles Jean Monod, Jacques Gasser, Geneviève Heller: Historical Aspects of Psychiatry in French-Speaking Switzerland During World War II. In: International Journal of Mental Health. Vol. 36, No. 1. Spring 2007, pp. 26-44, doi: 10.2753 / IMH0020-7411360103

[sobernheim-8] Georg Sobernheim : Biography of Prof. Dr. med. St. Zurukzoglu on the occasion of his 60th birthday . In: Swiss Medical Weekly . No. 20 , 1956, pp. 444 .

[pfortmüller-9] Carmen Andrea Pfortmüller: Hygienist between prophylaxis and selection: Stavros Zurukzoglu: The racial hygienic views of the later professor of hygiene at the University of Bern, based on the work Biological Problems of Racial Hygiene and the Cultivated Peoples , 1925 . 2010, OCLC 731816920 .

[rosenow-10] Gottfried Ernst-Albert Gustav Rosenow .: The status of the eugenics debate in Switzerland in 1938. The work "Prevention of hereditary offspring", Basel 1938 . Dissertation University of Bern . Bern 1990, OCLC 79234898 .