Steinach (Bad Bocklet)
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Steinach
Bad Bocklet market
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| Height : | 224 m above sea level NN | |
| Residents : | 934 (December 31, 2016) [1] | |
| Incorporation : | May 1, 1978 | |
| Postal code : | 97708 | |
| Area code : | 09708 | |
Location of Steinach in Bavaria |
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Steinach is one of the largest districts of the Bad Bocklet market and is located on the Franconian Saale .
geography
Steinach is surrounded by meadows and wooded hills on the Franconian Saale.
The place is 224 meters above sea level. and is located 14 kilometers northeast of Bad Kissingen and 12 kilometers southwest of Bad Neustadt an der Saale . The state roads St 2292 (Bad Kissingen – Bad Neustadt an der Saale) and St 2267 ( Bischofsheim an der Rhön – Steinach) run through Steinach .
history
Steinach was first mentioned in a document in 979 AD in a deed of donation from Emperor Otto II , although it can be assumed that there was a fortified settlement there in earlier times. There was always a bone of contention between the various territorial interests in the Main-Rhön area. The remains of Steinach Castle belonging to the Counts of Henneberg and the Steineck castle ruins nearby and the New Castle bear witness to this .
The place is in the area of old trade and royal roads that led from Mainz and Worms to the Franconian royal estate of Salz below Salzburg Castle (near Bad Neustadt an der Saale ). Various roads that are still used today as hiking trails and roads connected Würzburg and the former Free Imperial City of Schweinfurt with these west-east main routes: “But a connection in a southerly direction from Sinntal to Steinach in the valley of the Franconian Saale can be assumed, from where it went over the Haardt in the direction of Schweinfurt / Würzburg. Numerous roads gutters and deeply carved ravines and old crosses, such as the Oak , where several old paths converge, still bear witness to it. "
The White Sunday weekend in 1945 formed a deep turning point in the life of the Steinachers and the neighboring communities of Roth an der Saale and Hohn. From April 6 to 8, 1945 (Bloody Sunday), American and German soldiers fought bitterly with the dead and the destruction of the Places on a large scale. 75% of Steinach was destroyed by aerial bombs and artillery in particular. In addition to 60 houses and 83 farmsteads, the church (roof, side walls, high altar, side altars, confessional and grave monuments), the rectory and the house of the Franciscan nuns were badly hit. 9 residents, 12 German and 13 US soldiers were killed.
In 1959 the Steinach community became the Steinach market. On April 1, 1971, the communities Nickersfelden and Roth an der Saale joined the market in Steinach an der Saale. Hohn followed on January 1, 1972. On May 1, 1978, the market in Steinach an der Saale and its districts were incorporated into Bad Bocklet as part of the municipal reform.
Only Aschach and Steinach were the only parts of the municipality in today's Bad Bocklet market with the right to hold a market. In Steinach this was a horse market. The market tradition was forgotten, however, as the horse was replaced as a livestock and transport animal. Since the millennium, a market festival has been held in Steinach every year on the last weekend in June.
Attractions
Buildings and monuments
- Steineck castle ruins (district Burglauer, above the former part of the municipality Roth an der Saale )
- Remains of the Steinach Castle of the Counts of Henneberg (Old Castle) from the 13th century
- Parish church of St. Nikolaus and St. Katharina with the Echter tower typical of Franconia (oldest part of the church) and the crucifix by Tilman Riemenschneider
- Old rectory (early 17th century)
- Old forester's house (around 1800)
- New Castle, former seat of the prince-bishop's forest master (built in 1707 by Baron Caspar Otto V. von Diemer)
- Remains of the synagogue in the old part of the schoolhouse
- Jewish cemetery with Prof.-Dr.-Alex-Bein-Weg
- Bergkapelle (war memorial chapel ) with honor grove
- Commemorative plaque for the Augustinian fathers and astronomical clockmakers Nikolaus Alexius Johann Habich (1753–1826) and Johann Baptist Michael Habich (1765–1826) at the Steinacher Friedhof (old morgue)
The castle ruins, the parish church, the Jewish cemetery (by prior arrangement with the curator Robert Schmitt, Roth), the mountain chapel and the Steinach cemetery are open to the public.
St. Nicholas and Catherine Church with a Riemenschneider crucifix
The Catholic parish church of St. Nikolaus with its late Gothic choir tower hides a late Gothic baptismal font and the offering box, a special treasure, a wooden crucifix by Tilman Riemenschneider from 1516.
Mountain chapel
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At the end of the village, a path leads left up to the mountain chapel with a military cemetery . The war memorial chapel has been a reminder for over 60 years (construction start: June 10, 1946, consecration by Würzburg Bishop Matthias Ehrenfried on October 16, 1946) of the extremely high number of victims in the Second World War , who died in the battle for Steinach from 5th to 9th April 1945 died. During these battles around 75 percent of the village was destroyed or very badly damaged by bombs and shell hits, including the nave of St. Nicholas, which was hit by a bomb. A stone tablet, which is set into the wall on the outside of the nave to the right of the main portal, indicates these events.
Jewish cemetery / synagogue
There were Jews in Steinach as early as the 14th century. The parish, which existed until 1942, went back to the early 17th century. There has been a synagogue in Steinach since 1676. In the forest between Steinach and Unterebersbach is the cemetery of the former Jewish community Steinach.
The Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Steinach existed until the late 1930s with its own synagogue (rabbinate), a cemetery, a school and clubs, although the school had to be closed in 1924 due to a lack of students. There were no riots during the Reichspogromnacht of November 9, 1938 in Steinach, as the local National Socialists feared the anger of the population - around a third of Steinach's population were Jews. In order not to be considered "friendly to Jews" by the Gauleitung in Bad Kissingen, the Steinach party comrades of the NSDAP brought the Reichspogromnacht on the night of November 10th to 11th 1938 with the help of National Socialists from the area (mainly SA and SS troops ) after: The inventory of the synagogue and the private property of Steinachers were destroyed; the house of prayer was preserved as it was planned that the community administration should move in there. Valuable cult objects (Torah pennant from 1676, birth belt from 1666) were brought to Munich at the end of 1936 and handed over to the Association of Israelite Communities in Munich for safekeeping. Since there was no longer a Jewish community after the end of the war, the community bought the synagogue in early June 1952, broke it down in mid-September 1952 and built a school there. The mikveh is still in the basement of the school building.
Alemannia Judaica: Jüdische Geschichte / Synagoge and the homepage of the regional association of Jewish religious communities in Bavaria give a deeper insight into the history of Steinach's Jews .
Economic structure
General structure
Steinach is characterized by small to medium-sized commercial and retail businesses.
industrial Estate
In recent years a large industrial area has been added to the outskirts of the state road St 2292 to Bad Neustadt / Saale, which also offers more space for larger companies. A worldwide leading company for electrical materials has already set up there.
Famous sons and daughters of the place
- Father Alexius Johann OSA (born November 11, 1753 in Steinach, † July 28, 1826 in Mainz ), musician and composer, mathematician, astronomer. Since 1774: composition of various masses, Vespers, operas complete; November 1780: First performance of the Requiem for the deceased Empress Maria Theresa under his direction in the Freiburg Minster; since 1781: teacher at the electoral high school in Mainz; 1796: Completion of the first of his eight astronomical clocks, only two of which have survived. The first large astronomical clock is in the Episcopal Cathedral and Diocesan Museum in Mainz, but is no longer functional. Another clock that was owned by the city of Mainz was destroyed in the devastating bombing raids in World War II.
- Father Baptist Johann OSA (born April 12, 1765 in Steinach; † September 26, 1826 there), brother of the aforementioned, astronomer and mathematician; Cathedral Vicar of Mainz; Manufacturer of six astronomical clocks, four of which have survived.
- Alexander Bein , professor, historian and archivist. Bein was the son of a Jewish family of teachers. His grandfather Salomon (Shlomo) Bein was the prayer leader and teacher at the Israelitische Volksschule (religious school from 1024) in Steinach until 1884 and his father Mosche Bein until 1921 . In mid-June 1912 the family moved to Nuremberg. He studied history in Erlangen and Berlin and received his doctorate there in 1927. 1927–1933 Bein worked at the German Reichsarchiv Potsdam . In 1933 he emigrated to Palestine. In Jerusalem he was the state archivist and head of the Central Zionist Archive from 1956 to 1971.
literature
- Josef Wabra: Guide through the Kissinger Rhön, regional studies series for northern Lower Franconia. Issue 10, published by the Bad Kissingen district and the district home nurse vo Unterfranken, Bad Kissingen, 1968, pp. 258–267
- Herbert Schultheis: Jews in Mainfranken 1933–1945 with special consideration of the deportations of Würzburg Jews . Bad Neustadt ad Saale 1980, ISBN 3-9800482-0-9 .
- Oskar Dünisch, Josef Wabra: Chronicle of Steinach an der Saale . Steinach 1988 (regional studies series of the Rhön working group, Saale).
- Johannes Schilling, pastor of Steinach / S .: Battle for Steinach an der Saale / S. - Contribution to local history - 5.-9.IV. 1945 . Steinach 1977 (published by Markt Steinach an der Saale)
- Helmut Schuck: Steinach - a lively village. Ortschronik, self-published, 2010.
- Heinz Gauly : The Johann brothers from Steinach an der Saale in Franconia - builders of astronomical clockworks and designers of “world machines”. Sendner & Neubauer publishing house, Bad Neustadt / Saale 2010.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Rhönaktiv - Alte Straßen" ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 427 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 738 .
- ^ Alemannia Judaica: Steinach with Bad Bocklet (Bad Bocklet, Bad Kissingen district) - Jewish history / synagogue
- ↑ Regional Association of Israelite Religious Communities in Bavaria - Cemetery in Steinach an der Saale ( Memento of the original from August 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
Aschach | Bad Bocklet | Grossenbrach | Scorn | Nickersfelden | Roth an der Saale | Steinach on the Saale