Stella Goldschlag

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Stella Ingrid Goldschlag , married Stella Kübler-Isaaksohn , most recently Ingrid Gärtner (born July 10, 1922 in Berlin , † 1994 in Freiburg im Breisgau ), was a German Gestapo denouncer who was illegally referred to as a "grabber" during the Second World War tracked down living Jews in hiding in Berlin and handed them over to the Gestapo. She herself came from a Jewish family.

Life

Stella Goldschlag was born as the daughter of the journalist, conductor and composer Gerhard Goldschlag and his wife Toni , a concert singer. After the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists , she lived like all German Jews under difficult living conditions and harassment. Some of the father's compositions were performed in concerts by the Jewish Cultural Association . From 1935 Stella Goldschlag attended the Jewish private school Dr. Goldschmidt in Berlin-Dahlem . One of her classmates was Peter Weidenreich (later: Peter Wyden ), who published a book about her in 1992 and interviewed her for it. Her parents tried in vain to get the chance to leave the country. After finishing school, Stella Goldschlag was trained as a fashion illustrator at an art school .

Shortly before the start of the Second World War, she married the Jewish musician Manfred Kübler, with whom she had already played in a band during school. She worked with him as a forced laborer in the Ehrich & Graetz armaments factory in Berlin-Treptow . Around 1942, after the large deportations of Berlin Jews to the extermination camps began, she went into hiding. With her " Aryan " appearance (blonde hair and blue eyes) she was never considered Jewish and did not need to identify herself.

In spring 1943 she was arrested in the course of the factory action . From August 1943, she was imprisoned with her parents in the Große Hamburger Straße assembly camp . In order to protect her parents from deportation, after a failed attempt to escape and subsequent torture, she agreed to collaborate with the National Socialists against SS-Hauptscharführer Walter Dobberke . On her behalf, she combed Berlin for Jews in hiding, pretended to be a helper and got the whereabouts of other people in hiding from them. Her knowledge of the way of life, whereabouts and meeting places of "hiding" Jews helped her. She passed this information on directly to the Gestapo . In some cases, she made arrests herself or stopped people fleeing until the Gestapo arrived. The Gestapo equipped her with a pistol for this purpose. The information about the number of their victims fluctuated in the post-war trials between 600 and 3,000 Jews. Despite their collaboration, Stella Goldschlag could not save her husband and parents from death. Manfred Kübler was deported to Auschwitz in 1943, his parents to Mauthausen and Theresienstadt . Goldschlag's parents were first deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto in February 1944 and then to the Auschwitz extermination camp in October 1944 . However, that didn't stop Stella Goldschlag from continuing to work for the Gestapo. Until March 1945, when the last deportation train left Berlin in the direction of Theresienstadt, she, feared as a “grabber”, continued to track down Jews in the underground and denounced them. One of their methods was to turn up in cemeteries at funerals and report Jews who had lost their previous protection through the death of their “Aryan” partner .

During the Battle of Berlin in April 1945, she left for Liebenwalde . There she gave birth to a girl named Yvonne, who presumably had Heino Meissl, a prisoner from Grosse Hamburger Strasse, as her father, who had already broken off the relationship with her. After an alleged statement in which she allegedly compared the Soviet secret police with the Gestapo, she was denounced for her part and arrested in December 1945. She posed as a Nazi victim and was brought to the Jewish Community in Berlin in early 1946, where she tried in vain to be recognized as a victim of fascism . After determining her identity, she was arrested and imprisoned in the Alexanderplatz police prison. After that it was handed over to the Soviet military administration . In June 1946, a Soviet military tribunal (SMT) sentenced her to ten years in a camp for her work as an informant for the Gestapo. She was imprisoned in the SMT condemned area of ​​the Sachsenhausen and Torgau special camps (Fort Zinna) as well as in the Hoheneck women's prison and in the Waldheim prison hospital . After her release from prison, she moved to West Berlin to make contact with her daughter, who was living with a Jewish foster family. Here she was sentenced to ten years imprisonment in an unknown number of cases in another trial in 1957 for aiding and abetting murder and deprivation of liberty resulting in death .

After the war , Kübler converted to Christianity and became an avowed anti-Semite . Her daughter, whom she was not granted custody of, wanted nothing to do with her after hearing details from her mother's life. She trained as a nurse and emigrated to Israel in 1967.

Stella Goldschlag was married five times: after the deportation of her first husband, she married another “gripper” on October 29, 1944, the Jewish collaborator Rolf Isaaksohn . Her third marriage was to Friedheim Schellenberg and her fourth marriage to a taxi driver who was 20 years her junior. Her fifth husband was a Berlin conductor who - depending on the source - died around 1980 or 1984. After his death, she moved from her apartment on Schönauer Strasse in Berlin-Spandau to Freiburg im Breisgau in southern Germany, where she last lived in the Oberau district.

In 1992 the American original edition appeared, in 1993 the German translation of the book Stella by her former classmate Peter Wyden , in which u. a. three conversations he had with her in 1990 are described in detail. “'Don't write anything bad,' she admonished me with a smile and threatened her finger, teasingly like a little girl in the playground”.

Stella Kübler-Isaaksohn died in 1994 at the age of 72 from drowning in the Moosweiher in Freiburg-Landwasser . It is used by suicide gone out. Her heirs are the descendants of the journalist and film author Ferdinand Kroh, who died in 2014 .

literature

Non-fiction

  • Ferdinand Kroh : David fights. On the Jewish resistance against Hitler. Rowohlt, Hamburg 1988, ISBN 3-499-15644-X . Chapter Stella K. Die Greiferin , pp. 163-174.
  • Peter Wyden : Stella . Simon & Schuster, New York 1992, ISBN 0-671-67361-0 .
  • Peter Wyden: "Otherwise you will come to Auschwitz"; Stella - a Jewish woman hunting Jews for the Gestapo in the Berlin Underground (I) . In: Der Spiegel . No. 43 , 1992 ( online ). Peter Wyden: "Otherwise you will come to Auschwitz"; Stella - a Jewish woman hunting Jews for the Gestapo in the Berlin Underground (II) . In: Der Spiegel . No.
     44 , 1992 ( online ). Peter Wyden: "Otherwise you will come to Auschwitz"; Stella - a Jewish woman hunting Jews for the Gestapo in the Berlin Underground (III) . In: Der Spiegel . No.
     45 , 1992, pp. 178-192 ( online ).
  • Martin Ros: Jackals of the Third Reich. Downfall of the collaborators 1944–1945. Neske, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-7885-0516-8 .
  • Doris Tausendfreund: Forced betrayal. Jewish grippers in the service of the Gestapo 1943–1945. Metropol, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-938690-27-5 , pp. 142-151.
  • Birgit Walter: Novel "Stella". A grabber in National Socialism divides the critics . In: Berliner Zeitung , January 16, 2019; Review, with photo from 1957

Fiction

Film / television / theater

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Gerrit Bartels: Heirs take legal action against “Stella” . In: Der Tagesspiegel , January 31, 2019.
  2. ^ Archives of the Public Prosecutor's Office at the Berlin Regional Court, proceedings against Otto Bovensiepen, interrogation of Stella Kübler (July 10, 1922) on April 17, 1956.
  3. ↑ a b c d Shlomit Lasky, Maayan Meir: Stella Goldschlag - The Blond Poison. In: AVIVA-Berlin .de. February 18, 2013, accessed May 1, 2020 .
  4. ^ A b David Gilbertson: The Nightmare Dance: Guilt, Shame, Heroism and the Holocaust. Troubador Publishing, Leicester 2017, ISBN 978-1-78306-609-4 , p. 144, preview in Google Book Search
  5. ↑ a b Berliner Zeitung: Jewess Regina Steinitz: "My darling, you too would have kept your mouth shut". Retrieved January 19, 2020 (German).
  6. ↑ Peter Wyden: "Otherwise you will come to Auschwitz"; Stella - a Jewish woman hunting Jews for the Gestapo in the Berlin Underground (III) . In: Der Spiegel . No. 45 , 1992, pp. 178-192 ( online ).
  7. ^ Günther Wagenlehner: Soviet Military Tribunals: The Condemnation of German Civilians 1945–1955. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar 2003, p. 172 f.
  8. ↑ Irving Abrahamson: She Saved Herself In The Holocaust By Betraying Others . 
  9. ^ Newspaper tear from 1996 "From the registry office", illustrated in Badische Zeitung Magazin from October 26, 2019, she. Evidence 9
  10. ↑ Dominik Bloedner: The gripper . In: Badische Zeitung, No. 249/43, volume 74, October 26, 2019, magazine p. III ( online, for a fee ).
  11. ^ "Stella" at the Neuköllner Oper Berlin - The blonde evil . In: Der Tagesspiegel , June 24, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Goldschlag, Stella
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kübler-Isaaksohn, Stella; Kübler, Stella; Gardener, Ingrid
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Jewish Gestapo collaborator
DATE OF BIRTH July 10, 1922
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH 1994
Place of death Freiburg in Breisgau