Stephen D. Krasner

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Stephen David Krasner (born February 15, 1942 in New York City ) is an American political scientist and former head of the political planning department at the United States Department of State . He is currently deputy director and Senior Fellow of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) , as director of the Stanford University Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) and his Graham H. Stuart Professor of International Relations at Stanford University .

Life

Krasner lived in New York until he began his studies. His father died when Krasner was ten years old. His mother worked as a secretary. After graduating from high school , Krasner went to Cornell University in Ithaca , where he did his bachelor's degree in history in 1963 with a focus on European history .

He then volunteered for the Peace Corps and went for 1963-1965 to Nigeria to there students of secondary and II to teach. After returning to the USA, Krasner completed his Masters in International Relations at Columbia University in New York in 1967 . During his time at Columbia University, he worked for the US Treasury Department for advanced training.

From 1971 to 1975 Krasner was a junior professor at Harvard University in Cambridge , Massachusetts , where he received his doctorate in 1972. He wrote his dissertation on the international coffee trade . Krasner now went to the University of California, Los Angeles , where he worked from 1976 to 1981 and became an associate professor . In 1981 Krasner came to Stanford University in California as a full professor . There he was head of the political science department from 1984 to 1991. In addition, from 1986 to 1992 he was editor of the political science journal International Organization .

Stanford made him a Graham H. Stuart Professorship in International Relations and he was appointed Vice Director of the Stanford Institute for International Studies (SIIS) .

In 2001 and 2002, Krasner was a member of the Political Planning Department at the US State Department. He then worked with Condoleezza Rice on the US National Security Council , where he was involved in the creation of the Millennium Challenge Account , a development aid fund. In 2005, Foreign Minister Rice Krasner was appointed Director of Policy Planning in the Foreign Ministry. So he took up an advisory role to the Secretary of State in Washington, DC until 2007 . During this time Krasner's activities at Stanford University were suspended.

Memberships

Focus and theory

Stephen D. Krasner's research interests are international relations , with an emphasis on structural reforms and loss of sovereignty .

Sovereignity.Organized Hypocrisy

In one of his main works, Sovereignity.Organized Hypocrisy , Stephen D. Kasner describes the tending effects of globalization on state sovereignty as early as 1999 .

Krasner describes four modern ideas of sovereignty in his work. Sometimes they exclude, but also overlap and mutually condition. He distinguishes between national sovereignty Interdependenzsouveränität , the international legal sovereignty and international legal ( legal ) sovereignty. Krasner defines the terms as follows:

  • Domestic sovereignty is the formal organization within a state through its authority.
  • Interdependent sovereignty is the level of public regulation that influences all transnational behavior. (for example in relation to capital or information )
  • International law sovereignty is the political organization based on the exclusion of external actors in order to protect one's own internal structures.
  • Internationally legal sovereignty is the mutual recognition of states or non-interference at the international level.

Krasner's analysis focuses on international legal sovereignty and sovereignty under international law. Using this example, he shows how these separate forms fit into the international system. At this point he speaks of “organized hypocrisy ”, since the sovereignty of international law does not generally tolerate international legal sovereignty. (for example military interventions )

Krasner concludes from this that in the international system no form of organization, neither supported by institutions nor by states , can be maintained or offers lasting reliability.

New forms of sovereignty

Krasner's analysis follows the approaches of two schools of international relations.

On the one hand, it attributes the deficit international organization to a fundamental need for security on the part of states to protect their sovereignty; on the other hand, it takes into account a large number of international actors. So he initially refers to the theory of realism in relation to security and the theory of idealism or liberalism in relation to the various political actors.

However, he continues to see pure nation states as an obsolete model that cannot be continued in the traditional form in times of globalization. He cites the European Union as an example in which the states remain as such, but in the form of a regional integration agreement cede various parts of their sovereignty to supranational institutions. However, this relinquishment of sovereignty does not take place through the compulsion of an external power, but is a process chosen by the European states.

bibliography

  • Stephen D. Krasner: Defending the National Interest. Raw Materials Investment and American Foreign Policy . Princeton University Press, Princeton (New Jersey) 1978, ISBN 0-691-02182-1
  • Stephen D. Krasner (Ed.): International Regimes . Cornell University Press, Ithaca (NY) 1983, ISBN 0-8014-9250-5
  • Stephen D. Krasner: Structural Conflict. The Third World Against Global Liberalism . University of California Press, Berkeley 1985, ISBN 0-520-05478-4
  • Stephen D. Krasner: Asymmetries in Japanese-American Trade. The Case for Specific Reciprocity . Berkeley 1987, ISBN 0-87725-532-6
  • Stephen D. Krasner / Peter J. Katzenstein / Robert O. Keohane (Eds.): International Organization. Exploration and Contestation in the Study of World Politics . MIT Press, Cambridge (MA) 1999, ISBN 0-262-11242-6
  • Stephen D. Krasner: Sovereignty. Organized Hypocrisy , Princeton University Press, Princeton 1999, ISBN 0-691-00711-X
  • Stephen D. Krasner (Ed.): Problematic Sovereignty. Contested Rules and Political Possibilities . Columbia University Press, New York City 2000, ISBN 0-231-12179-2

Further publications

  • Stephen D. Krasner: Rethinking the Sovereign State Model. In: David Armstrong / Theo Farrell / Bice Maiguashca (eds.): Review of International Studies . Volume 27. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2001, pp. 17-42, ISSN  0260-2105
  • Stephen D. Krasner: Globalization, Power and Authority. In: Edward D. Mansfield / Richard Sisson (eds.): The Evolution Of Political Knowledge. Democracy, Autonomy, And Conflict In Comparative And International Politics . Ohio State University Press, Columbus 2003, ISBN 0-8142-9025-6
  • Stephen D. Krasner / J. Goldsmith: Pitfalls of International Idealism, The. In: James Miller (ed.): Daedalus . MIT Press, Cambridge (MA) 2003, ISSN  0011-5266
  • Stephen D. Krasner: Sharing Sovereignty: New Institutions for Collapsed and Failing States. In: Steven E. Miller (Ed.): International Security . Mit Press, Cambridge (MA) 2004, ISSN  0162-2889
  • Stephen D. Krasner: Governance Failures and Alternatives to Sovereignty. 2004, PDF

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Krasner, Stephen D.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Krasner, Stephen David (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American political scientist
DATE OF BIRTH February 15, 1942
PLACE OF BIRTH New York City