Stockholm Convention

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Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
Short title: POP convention
Title: Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
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Date: May 22, 2001
Come into effect: May 17, 2004
Reference: Ch XXVII 15p
Reference (German): BGBl. 2002 II pp. 803, 804
Contract type: Multinational
Legal matter: Chemicals law
Signing: 152
Ratification : 184
European Community: Entry into force: February 14, 2005
Germany: Entry into force: May 17, 2004
Liechtenstein: Entry into force: March 3, 2005
Austria: Entry into force: May 17, 2004
Switzerland: Entry into force: May 17, 2004
Please note the note on the current version of the contract .

Contracting states (as of 2020)

The Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants , and the Stockholm Convention or POP-convention , is an agreement on binding international prohibition and restriction measures for certain persistent organic pollutants (engl. Persistent organic pollutants , POP). The Convention entered into force on May 17, 2004 with the deposit of the fiftieth instrument of ratification by a signatory state, that of France.

history

With the Stockholm Convention , which has been signed by delegations from 152 countries so far (as of May 26, 2020) and currently ratified by 184 countries, the production and use of originally nine pesticides ( aldrin , chlordane , DDT , dieldrin , endrin , Heptachlor , hexachlorobenzene , Mirex , Toxaphen ), a group of industrial chemicals ( polychlorinated biphenyls ) and two groups of undesirable by-products ( polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans ) are restricted or prohibited. These substances or groups of substances are also known as the dirty dozen . At the Conference of the Parties , which takes place every two years, decisions are made, among other things, on the inclusion of further substances.

It was a long way to get signed. A total of five rounds of negotiations by the Intergovernmental Negotiation Committee (INC) were required to find a compromise that was acceptable to all signatory states. First of all, among other things, the classification of the twelve POPs in one of the three prohibition categories decided on at INC-2 was disputed:

  • Prohibition on production and use
  • Restrictions on production and use
  • Emission reduction necessary

In particular, the positions of the industrialized and developing countries as well as the former Eastern Bloc countries differed widely at the beginning. While international or European conventions for the twelve POPs already prohibited or severely restricted the manufacture and use of the twelve POPs in the industrialized countries, many of these substances were still used in the developing countries and the former Eastern Bloc countries due to the lack of inexpensive alternatives. The industrialized countries also disagreed among themselves. So was z. For example, at INC-5, a main point of dispute between the EU and above all the USA, Japan and Australia should include the precautionary principle required by the EU as a criterion for the future inclusion of further POPs in the convention. Finally, the negotiating partners agreed that when new substances are included in the convention, the lack of definitive scientific evidence of environmental hazards should not prevent the contracting states from taking further measures.

implementation

In the EU , the convention was implemented in Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 , in Switzerland it was adopted into national law in the Chemicals Risk Reduction Regulation - in particular its Annex 1.1. In addition, there is a periodically updated official German and Italian translation of the text of the Convention in Decree 0.814.03.

The joint secretariat of the three United Nations conventions, the Basel Convention , the Rotterdam Convention and the Stockholm Convention, is located in Geneva .

There is worldwide monitoring of POP in the air and in breast milk . The trend for concentrations in breast milk is declining for most POPs. HBCDD is an exception .

Listed substances

Plant (1) material CAS number Year admission decision Specific exemption or acceptable purpose for ... (2)
production use
A. Aldrin 309-00-2 2001 no no
A. α-hexachlorocyclohexane 319-84-6 2009 no no
A. β-hexachlorocyclohexane 319-85-7 2009 no no
A. Chlordane 57-74-9 2001 no no
A. Chlorodecone 143-50-0 2009 no no
A. Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (C 10–13 ; chlorine content> 48%) 85535-84-8 , 68920-70-7 , 71011-12-6 , 85536-22-7 , 85681-73-8 , 108171-26-2 2017 approved for the contracting parties included in the register Transmission belts , conveyor belts , leather industry, lubricant additives, hoses, paints, adhesives, metal processing, plasticizers in PVC with the exception of toys and children's products
A. Decabromodiphenyl ether 1163-19-5 2017 approved for the contracting parties included in the register Parts for vehicles, aircraft, textiles with the exception of clothes and toys, additives for various electrical devices, polyurethane foam for building insulation
B. DDT 50-29-3 2001 Use to combat disease vectors Combating disease vectors
A. Dicofol 115-32-2 2019 no no
A. Dieldrin 60-57-1 2001 no no
A. Endosulfan 115-29-7 , 959-98-8 , 33213-65-9 2011 approved for the contracting parties included in the register Combinations of crops and pests
A. Endrin 72-20-8 2001 no no
A. Heptachlor 76-44-8 2001 no no
A. Hexabromobiphenyl 36355-01-8 2009 no no
A. Hexabromocyclododecane 25637-99-4 , 3194-55-6 , 134237-50-6 , 134237-51-7 , 134237-52-8 2013 approved for the contracting parties included in the register expanded and extruded polystyrene in the building sector
A. Hexabromodiphenyl ether and heptabromodiphenyl ether various 2009 no Recycling under certain conditions
A, C Hexachlorobenzene 118-74-1 2001 no no
A, C Hexachlorobutadiene 87-68-3 2015 no no
A. Lindane 58-89-9 2009 no Human medicinal product for head lice and scabies treatment as second-line therapy
A. Mirex 2385-85-5 2001 no no
A, C Pentachlorobenzene 608-93-5 2009 no no
A. Pentachlorophenol and its salts and esters various 2015 approved for the contracting parties included in the register Treatment of electricity pylons and their cross beams
A. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), its salts and related compounds various 2019 approved for the contracting parties included in the register, with the exception of fire-fighting foams Semiconductor manufacture, photographic coatings, specialty textiles, invasive and implantable medical devices, fire-fighting foams, use of perfluorooctyl iodide to manufacture perfluorooctyl bromide for pharmaceutical products, manufacture of PTFE , PVDF , FEP and fluoroelastomers
B. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), its salts and perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride various 2009 Production for the uses listed below Control of leaf cutter ants of the genera Atta spp. and Acromyrmex spp.
Metal electroplating (hard metal coating)
fire extinguishing foams
A, C Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) various 2001 no no
C. Polychlorinated dibenzo- p- dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD / PCDF) various 2001 - -
A, C Polychlorinated naphthalenes , namely dichloronaphthalenes, trichloronaphthalenes, tetrachloronaphthalenes, pentachloronaphthalenes, hexachloronaphthalenes, heptachloronaphthalenes, octachloronaphthalenes various 2015 Intermediate product in the production of polyfluorinated naphthalenes, namely octafluoronaphthalene Production of polyfluorinated naphthalenes, namely octafluoronaphthalene
A. Tetrabromodiphenyl ether and pentabromodiphenyl ether various 2009 no Recycling under certain conditions
A. Toxaphene 8001-35-2 2001 no no

Remarks:

(1)Appendix A: Elimination; Appendix B: Restriction; Appendix C: Undesired By-Products.
(2)Specific exemption ( English specific exemptions ) are available in Annexes A and B, acceptable purposes ( English acceptable purposes ) only in Appendix B.

The perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), its salts and related compounds was in 2019 by the Review Committee (POPRC) of the COP for the attention 2021 for inclusion in the system A without exceptions specific recommended. Dechloran Plus and Methoxychlor were proposed for inclusion in 2019, UV-328 in 2020.

The POP - apart from the Dirty Dozen - have so far been nominated for inclusion by five contracting parties:

  • European UnionEuropean Union European Union : 12 (chlorodecone, hexa- / heptaBDE, hexabromobiphenyl, pentachlorobenzene, endosulfan, hexachlorobutadiene, pentachlorophenol, polychlorinated naphthalenes, short-chain chlorinated paraffins, dicofol, PFOA, methoxychlor)
  • NorwayNorway Norway : 5 (Tetra- / PentaBDE, HBCDD, DecaBDE, PFHxS, Dechloran Plus)
  • MexicoMexico Mexico : 3 (lindane, α-HCH, β-HCH)
  • SwedenSweden Sweden : 1 (PFOS)
  • SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland : 1 ( UV-328 )

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b MTDSG, Volume II, Chapter XXVII, 15th Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants at treaties.un.org, accessed on May 20, 2017.
  2. ↑ a b c Chapter XXVII, Environment, 15th Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants at treaties.un.org, status as of May 26, 2020.
  3. ↑ [Anonymous]: Chemicals: The “dirty dozen” should be banned . DAZ 2001, No. 4, p. 99, January 21, 2001.
  4. ↑ U. Schlottmann, M. Kreibich: Out for the dirty dozen. In: News from chemistry . 49 (5), 2001, pp. 608-614, doi : 10.1002 / nadc.20010490507 .
  5. ↑ Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 20, 2019 on persistent organic pollutants (new version)
  6. ↑ Council adopts stricter regulations for the world's most dangerous chemical substances Press release of the Council of the European Union of 13 June 2019.
  7. ↑ SR 814.81 Ordinance of 18 May 2005 on the reduction of risks when handling certain particularly dangerous substances, preparations and objects (Chemical Risk Reduction Ordinance, ORRChem). Retrieved May 24, 2019 .
  8. ↑ 0.814.03 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP Convention) .
  9. ↑ BRS Conventions> Secretariat> Overview. Retrieved May 19, 2020 .
  10. ↑ J. Fång, E. Nyberg, U. Winnberg, A. Bignert, Å. Bergman : Spatial and temporal trends of the Stockholm Convention POPs in mothers' milk - a global review. In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International. Volume 22, number 12, 2015, pp. 8989-9041, doi : 10.1007 / s11356-015-4080-z , PMID 25913228 , PMC 4473027 (free full text).
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k The 12 initial POPs under the Stockholm Convention , accessed on May 21, 2009.
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Governments unite to step-up reduction on global DDT reliance and add nine new chemicals under international treaty , press release, May 8, 2009.
  13. ↑ a b Reference: CN766.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.15 (Depositary Notification)
  14. ↑ a b 2019 Meetings of the Conferences of the Parties to the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions , May 13, 2019.
  15. ↑ United Nations targets widely-used pesticide endosulfan for phase out , press release, May 3, 2011.
  16. ↑ UBA: Worldwide "off" for flame retardants HBCD , press release of May 8, 2013.
  17. ↑ a b c Secretariat of the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions: Countries move forward on important issues for sustainable management of chemicals and waste , press release of May 16, 2015.
  18. ↑ UN experts recommend elimination of additional hazardous chemicals to protect human health and the environment. Retrieved October 8, 2019 (UK English).
  19. ^ Fifteenth meeting of the Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee (POPRC.15). Retrieved June 26, 2019 .
  20. ↑ a b List of substances proposed as POP. ECHA, accessed June 8, 2020 .
  21. ↑ Stockholm Convention: POPRC Recommendations for listing Chemicals. 2019, accessed on May 26, 2020 .
  22. ↑ Proposal to list hexachlorobutadiene in Annexes A, B and / or C to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants , 2011.
  23. ↑ Proposal to list pentachlorophenol and its salts and esters in Annexes A, B and / or C to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants , 2011.
  24. ↑ Proposal to list chlorinated naphthalenes in Annexes A, B and / or C to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants , 2011.
  25. ↑ Proposal to list dicofol in Annexes A, B and / or C to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 2013.
  26. ↑ Proposal to list pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (CAS No: 335-67-1, PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid), its salts and PFOA-related compounds in Annexes A, B and / or C to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants , 2015.
  27. ^ Proposal to list methoxychlor in Annex A to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants , 2019.
  28. ↑ Summary of the proposal for the listing of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) in Annex A to the Convention , 2008.
  29. ↑ Proposal to list decabromodiphenyl ether (commercial mixture, c-decaBDE) in Annexes A, B and / or C to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants . 2013.
  30. ↑ Proposal to list perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (CAS No: 355-46-4, PFHxS), its salts and PFHxS-related compounds in Annexes A, B and / or C to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants , 2017.
  31. ↑ Proposal to list Dechlorane Plus (CAS No. 13560-89-9) and its syn-isomer (CAS No. 135821-03-3) and anti-isomer (CAS No. 135821-74-8) in Annexes A, B and / or C to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants , 2019.

literature

Web links