Common potted fern

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Common potted fern
Common potted fern (Polypodium vulgare)

Common potted fern ( Polypodium vulgare )

Systematics
Ferns
Class : True ferns (Polypodiopsida)
Order : Spotted ferns (Polypodiales)
Family : Potted fern family (Polypodiaceae)
Genre : Potted ferns ( Polypodium )
Type : Common potted fern
Scientific name
Polypodium vulgare
L.

The Common polypody ( Polypodium vulgare ), short Polypody , is as Engelsüß and Steinfarn known type of genus Polypodium ( Polypodium ).

description

The evergreen and perennial species spreads as a rhizome geophyte or creeping chamaephyte and often forms dense stands. The leaves are alternately pinnate in two rows, have entire margins and remain green all year round. To Sporenreife July to October are on the undersides of the leathery, mostly dark green, up to 50 cm long leaves the eponymous, circular "tüpfelartigen" Sori particularly striking. The spore ripeness is from July to October.

The species chromosome number is 2n = 148.

ecology

The common potted fern is an evergreen rhizome - geophyte or a creeping chamaephyte . When the humidity is high, it is the only native scion that grows as a real epiphyte on the bark. The fronds are quite resistant to drought and frost. They arise from small protrusions, the so-called phyllopodia , of the rhizome. The creeping rhizome is densely covered with dry chaff scales, which serve as light and heat protection, as well as the capillary water pipe. The species forms a VA mycorrhiza .

The Sori are large and round, there is no indusium . The spores are spread as granules flyers.

The vegetative reproduction takes place through the up to 30 cm long rhizomes.

Common potted fern ( Polypodium vulgare ), fronds from below

Occurrence

Polypodium vulgare is a semi- shade plant that prefers mild, moderately dry, mostly lime-free and somewhat humus-rich locations. It occurs naturally in light oak and birch forests as well as on shady walls and bushes, in humid areas but also on sand, rock and shallow, stony clay soils. More rarely, when the humidity is high, the fern also grows - in Central Europe as one of the few native shoot plants - as a real epiphyte in the bark of trees, which are then mostly moss- covered. Otherwise the species occurs in societies of the sub-group Quercenion roboris or the class Asplenietea trichomanis.

In the Allgäu Alps, the common potted fern (also called stone fern ) in Vorarlberg on the southwest slope of the Elferkopf on Hornstein rises up to 2100 m above sea level.

Contrary to earlier assumptions, the common potted fern is not circumpolar , but is native to most of Europe. In addition, the fern is native to North Africa and western Asia, and is common in corresponding locations in Atlantic Europe.

use

The rhizomes of this species, which are covered with long chaff scales and sometimes thick and bulbous, have a sweet taste due to their high proportions of glycyrrhizin and various sugars , which is also suggested by the old German name "(the) angelic sweet". Above all, osladin (from Czech osladič "potted fern", to osladit "sweet"), a steroid saponin , contributes to the sweet taste.

The rhizomes , which also contain mucilage , were used medicinally in the past against coughs and hoarseness . The plant was also used in folk medicine for gout and liver diseases . A bitter substance contained is poisonous for intestinal worms .

Ancient medicine also referred to the spotted fern, which was rubbed with sea onion vinegar for headaches, as radiolum and felicina .

ingredients

Polypodium vulgare also contains the ecdysteroids belonging hormones ecdysone and ecdysterone

  • Illustration from north flora

  • Sori on the underside of the leaf

  • Colony-like stock formation

  • Closed leaves

literature

  • Rainer Neuroth: Biosystematics and evolution of the Polypodium vulgare complex (Polypodiaceae; Pteridophyta) (= Dissertationes Botanicae. Volume 256). Gebr. Bornträger, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-443-64168-7 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Botanical-ecological excursion pocket book. The most important information about the biology of selected wild and cultivated fern and flowering plants in Germany. 5th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiesbaden 1994, ISBN 3-494-01229-6 , p. 375 f.
  • Ruprecht Düll, Herfried Kutzelnigg: Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  • Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hanover 1882; Reprint in 2 volumes, Amsterdam 1967, p. 299.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 86-87.
  2. ↑ Dieter Lehmann: Two medical prescription books of the 15th century from the Upper Rhine. Part I: Text and Glossary. Horst Wellm, Pattensen / Han. 1985, now at Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg (= Würzburg medical-historical research , 34), ISBN 3-921456-63-0 , p. 263.
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings . Volume 1, IHW-Verlag, Eching near Munich 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 91.
  4. ↑ Christopher H. Haufler, Michael D. Windham, Eric W. Rabe: Reticulate Evolution in the Polypodium vulgare Complex . In: Systematic Botany . 20, No. 2, 1995, pp. 89-109. doi : 10.2307 / 2419442 .
  5. ↑ See also Berzelius: About the angelic sweet or the sugar from the angelic sweet root, Polypodium vulgare. 1828 ( doi.org/10.1002/ardp.18280260321 ).
  6. ↑ Hans Zotter : Ancient medicine. The collective medical manuscript Cod. Vindobonensis 93 in Latin and German. Academic printing and Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1980 (= Interpretationes ad codices. Volume 2); 2nd, improved edition, ibid. 1986, ISBN 3-201-01310-2 , p. 150 f. (on the Radiolum plant : "[...]. It is similar to the fern [...] and has a double row of golden dots on the leaves. [...]").
  7. ↑ G. Heinrich, H. Hoffmeister: Ecdysone as companion substance of ecdysterone in Polypodium vulgare L. In: Experientia. 23 (12), Dec 15, 1967, p. 995. German. PMID 6077902

Web links

Commons : Polypodium vulgare  - album with pictures, videos and audio files