Turks in Berlin

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Turks in Berlin

Turks , so Turkish descent in Germany , set in Berlin is both the largest ethnic as well as the most numerous non-European immigrant group. Overall, in Berlin around 200,000 people with an immigrant background from Turkey (about 6% of the population of Berlin) resident on a permanent . This makes Berlin the numerically largest such group outside of Turkey . This is not homogeneous, as it is made up of several ethnic groups resident in Turkey , besides ethnic Turks, these are especially Kurds . In almost all districts of the former West Berlin there are larger proportions of residents of Turkish origin, in contrast to almost all districts in former East Berlin .

history

As a result of the Turkish Wars , especially the Great Turkish War (1683–1699), triggered by the second Turkish siege of Vienna , prisoners of war from Brandenburg troops from Hungary came to Berlin for the first time from the then Ottoman Empire .

At the time of Friedrich Wilhelm I , the first secret diplomatic relations between Prussian and Turkish came about. Friedrich Wilhelm had horses brought from Constantinople , including a gift from Ahmed II , a noble steed from the grand stables, which aroused general admiration in Berlin. After the Prussian conquest of Silesia , Frederick II sought an alliance with the Ottomans under Mustafa III. against Austria. Instead, there were only the first Prussian-Turkish friendship and trade agreements in 1761, after which a permanent Ottoman embassy was set up in Berlin in 1763. In Berlin society the gradually developing Prussian-Turkish relations led to a real " Turkish fashion " that lasted into the imperial era .

In the 19th century, German-Turkish relations strengthened, especially through the establishment of German military missions in the Ottoman Empire . Some Ottoman envoys and their families settled in Berlin, where a small Turkish community was established by 1914. There was hardly any contact with the Berlin population. Ottoman soldiers also came to Berlin during the First World War .

During the Weimar period, Germany was the largest trading partner of Turkey , which was founded in 1923, but this did not result in any significant immigration from Turkey. The German-Turkish Association existed from 1914 to around 1930 with the aim of promoting German cultural and economic interests.

Immigration since the 1950s

After around 150 young Turks came to the Federal Republic of Germany for vocational training at the invitation of Federal President Theodor Heuss for the first time in 1958 , the latter concluded an agreement with Turkey in 1961 at their request and under the influence of the USA , whereby the stay was limited to two years and an extension was excluded. This was preceded by agreements with Italy in 1955 and with Greece and Spain in 1960 . This type of immigration by so-called “guest workers” to West Germany and especially to what was then West Berlin ended in 1973 with a general ban on recruitment. Since then, immigration from Turkey has mainly taken place through family reunification and asylum seekers . The number of returnees to Turkey has exceeded that of new immigrants for several years, so that the total number of German-Turks is decreasing.

In the 1980s, the Senate of West Berlin decided to stop foreigners in Wedding , Tiergarten and Kreuzberg in order to better distribute the proportion of the foreign, especially the Turkish population, across the entire West Berlin urban area.

Demographic situation

As of June 30, 2014, there were 98,945 Turkish citizens registered as residents of Berlin who come from all parts of Turkey and whose number has decreased significantly due to naturalization and re-immigration and continues to decline. Including German citizens with a Turkish migration background (so-called German Turks ), a total of around 200,000 people of Turkish origin live in Berlin.

The majority of the people of Turkish origin living here belong to the Sunni faith after the Hanafi school of law , followed by the Alevis .

Demo of the Turkish community in Berlin

See also

Individual evidence

  1. Berlin German-Turkish - Insights into a New Diversity ( Memento of the original from November 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . (PDF file; 9.88 MiB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.berlin.de
  2. ^ "Turks in Berlin 1871-1945: a metropolis in the memories of Ottoman and Turkish witnesses" Ingeborg Böer, Ruth Haerkötter, Petra Kappert, Sabine Adatepe, Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 2002. ISBN 3110174650 ( page 1 )
  3. http://www.stadtnavigator-berlin.de/stadtfuehrung/interkulturell/tuerkisches-berlin/
  4. Turks in Berlin - "You have your home here" . In: Der Spiegel . No. 5 , 1980 ( online ).
  5. Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de