Talung (geomorphology)

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A valley is an expression of geomorphology for a landform similar to a valley , or a valley or a more complex structured valley landscape in the general sense.

The formation of a valley does not only occur through fluvial erosion , but also through the participation of other geomorphological processes, in particular glacier excavation (such as the inner-Alpine basin landscapes , glacial channels , dead ice sinks ), karst morphological formation ( sinkholes ) or large tectonic subsidence ( rift fractures ), but also, for example, subrosion or suffosion , mass deposits through solifluction or mass movements such as soil flow , volcanism (such as calderas ), and numerous other geophysical processes that form landforms. In doing so, the valley will often be shaped secondary fluvially, and conversely, river valleys will be formed more complex secondary by other processes.

The fact that the original concept of “valley” is not primarily the “course of a river” but “entry / path [between mountains]” is shown by the valley names of the oldest alpine crossings, such as the Wipptal over the Brenner Pass (the Sill rivers to the north and the upper Eisack to the south ) with a pre-Roman root; or the canal valley over the Saifnitzer saddle (upper Fella and Bartolo - middle Slizza ), with the Latin root canale also in the original meaning of the word ' waterway '. Here expressions like “Silltal” or “Fellatal” are not common landscape names. The same can be found in river names that are the same on both sides of the pass, which is often called the same, such as Tauernbach - [Hoher] Tauern - Tauernbach and Tauernbach - [Felber-] Tauern - Tauernbach , both of which come from the pre-Roman oronym Tauern (today also a mountain name). Here one speaks, if one wants to be more precise, of "Talung" or Eintalung . The same applies to the immediate vicinity of a saddle and pass landscapes .

Expressing one describes more complex valley areas, such Talzüge (river with main source river or the alpine Längstalfurchen ), the entire valley area of the catchment area of a river with its tributaries and troughs , as well as individual basin , Tobel , Talpässe and canyons , Talweitungen as a collection mouth several valleys ( valley spider ), river-lake systems ( lake landscapes ) and other wetland areas, the areas with old courses of rivers in which island mountains have remained, fluvial terrace landscapes , and numerous other geographical areas that do not follow the strictly orographic valley concept (linear landform with monotonically falling valley line ). The same applies to endorheic (drainage-free) basins , i.e. funnel-shaped landforms, and also to cirques , the basins of glacial lakes and other valley sections that are orographically isolated by transverse terrains.

Also for the außergebirgigen flow large landscapes that are flat so far and that they no longer correspond to a valley in the conventional sense, one finds the word (as the Pannonian plain as Talung the middle Danube , or the northern foothills of the Alps than that of the upper Danube, the Po plain as the valley of the Po), or the mountain rim basin as the entry of one or more rivers into the foothills ( valley funnel ).

An analogous derivation is also the word ertalt for 'richly structured by valleys and valleys', for example in mountain stocks .

Examples

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Diercke: Dictionary of General Geography.
  2. ↑ “thal generally means a depression, deepening”, thal, valley, n. Vallis . In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm : German Dictionary . Hirzel, Leipzig 1854–1961 ( woerterbuchnetz.de , University of Trier). Compare the relationship with altslav. dolu 'pit' as in a sinkhole .
  3. ↑ This is the name of the valley of the upper Fella Canal Valley , that of the lower Eisental .
  4. ^ Italian Pianura Padana or Val Padana 'Po Valley', so not common in German