Tatiana Feodorovna Prontschishcheva

Tatiana Feodorovna and her husband Vasily . Forensic facial reconstruction of SA Nikitin .

Tatyana Fedorovna Prontschischtschewa , even Marija Prontschischtschewa , born Tatiana Fyodorovna Kondyrewa , ( Russian Татьяна Фёдоровна Прончищева , also Russian Мария Прончищева , maiden name Russian Татьяна Фёдоровна Кондырева * 1713 in the village Beryozovo, Ujesd Alexin , † September 12 ^jul. / 23. September  1736 ^{. greg} on the Taimyr peninsula ) was the first Russian Arctic - explorers .

Life

Tatiana Fyodorovna's noble father had protected St. Petersburg from attacks by the Swedish fleet during the Great Northern War and participated in the construction of shipyards for the Russian fleet . They married on May 20th ^July. / May 31, 1733 ^greg. the noble lieutenant Wassili Wassiljewitsch Prontschishschew  

With her husband, Prochishcheva moved to Moscow in June 1733 to join the Great Nordic Expedition in Siberia after a few days . The Lena - Yenisei department under the direction of her husband was commissioned to explore and describe the coast of the Arctic Ocean from the Lena Estuary to the Yenisei Estuary. In the summer of 1735, the rowing ship Jakutsk , equipped with sails , was built in Jakutsk , on which the 40-man division on their voyage on the Lena on August 25th ^July / 5th September 1735 ^greg. reached the Olenjok estuary. Also included was Prontschishchewa, whose involvement was not noticed by the expedition leaders Vitus Bering and Alexei Ilyich Tschirikow and whose name did not appear in the logbook or any of the documents. The department had to hibernate there because of leaks from the ship.  

The journey continued in August 1736. After reaching the Chatanga Gulf , we drove along the east coast of the Taimyr Peninsula up to 77 ° 25 ′ north latitude . Because of ice barriers, Prontschishchev had to turn back. to return to the winter camp at the Olenjok estuary. On an inquiry on August 29th, ^July / 9th September  1736 ^greg. he broke his leg in a boat, whereupon he was quickly brought back to the ship and died of an embolism , as was found in 1999 after his grave was opened, and not of scurvy , as was previously believed. On September 2nd, ^Jul. / 13th September  1736 ^greg. the Yakutsk arrived at the Olenjok estuary, and on September 4th ^Jul. / September 15,  1736 ^greg. Prontschishcheva was brought ashore. On September 12th, ^Jul. / 23 September  1736 ^greg. she died for unknown reasons, as the helmsman Semyon Ivanovich Tscheljuskin noted in the logbook without mentioning the name.

Tomb of the Prontschishchevs (1921)

The grave of the two Prontschishchevs was found in 1875 by the geologist Alexander Lavrentjewitsch Tschekanowski and is preserved as a national cultural monument. The crosses were restored in 1893 by the geologist Eduard von Toll and in 1921 by the hydrograph Nikolai Ivanovich Evgenov . Next to the grave is the Ust-Olenjok polar station near Taimylyr in Bulunski ulus .

In 1913 Boris Andrejewitsch Wilkizkis Hydrographic Expedition of the Northern Arctic Sea named the cape (Russian Mys) at the entrance to one of the bays on the east coast of the Taimyr peninsula Cape Prontschishcheva and marked it on the map with m. Prontschishcheva marked. This led to the fact that in many old files in the Russian State Archives old files were called Prontschishchewa with the first name Marija.

In 1999 the expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Adventure Club of the explorer Dmitri Igorevich Shparo opened the tomb of the Prontschishchevs and examined the remains. The causes of death were determined and the faces reconstructed.

Prontschishcheva's name is borne by the Marija-Prontschishschewa Bay in the Laptev Sea with the polar station there, the 112 m high Prontschishcheva Mountain on the Taimyr Peninsula and the Marija-Prontschishchewa Peninsula. In Yakutsk there is a monument to the two Prontschishchevs. In Dubna in Tula Oblast there is a memorial plaque on the Avenue of Fame. In 2017 a film was made about the life and death of the Prontschishchevs.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Станюкович А. К .: Крест Прончищевых (accessed January 15, 2020).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Овчинников Д .: Василий и Татьяна Прончищевы: Короткое счастье Великой Северной экспедиции . In: Родина . No. 12 , 2015, p. 19-20 ( [1] [accessed January 15, 2020]).
3. ↑ ^{a b c d} Первая полярная путешественница Татьяна Федоровна Прончищева (1713–1736) (accessed January 15, 2020).