Tar paint factory Oehler

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The tar paint factory Oehler was originally founded by the chemist Ernst Sell in 1842 in Offenbach am Main for the distillation of coal tar . The first independent manufacturer of asphalt products in Germany concentrated after 1850 as the Oehler tar paint factory on the production of tar paint . It was founded in 1905 by the company chemical factory Griesheim electron bought and owned from 1952 as work Offenbach of Hoechst AG . In 2010 the plant was shut down under its last owner, Invista Resins & Fibers. This location in Offenbach district Offenbach-Ost and had until 1993 following the industrial railway Offenbach or Hafenbahn Offenbach .

history

1842–1850 Sellsche asphalt factory

Ernst Sell (1808–1854) founded a chemical factory for tar distillation in 1842 with the support of Conrad Zimmer on the banks of the Main between Offenbach and today's Bürgel district. He had previously been able to gain the necessary experience through the mediation of Liebig in Karl von Reichenbach's tar works . Sell ​​obtained the tar as a raw material from the Frankfurt gas works, later also from gas works further away. At that time, the distillation factory produced typical asphalt products such as phenol , naphthalene , soot , car grease and creosote . From here, AW Hofmann received in 1843, he was Liebig's private assistant at the time, the first samples of an aniline-containing distillate from which mauvein was first synthesized by William Henry Perkin in 1856 . Mauvein is generally considered to be the first aniline dye. In 1850 Sell sold the "Sellsche tar distillation" to the Swiss manufacturer Karl Gottlieb Reinhard Oehler for health reasons .

1850–1905 K. Oehler aniline and aniline paint factory

Oehler continued to operate the company as "Oehlersche Tar Distillation" until the fall of 1856 and the employment of Peter Grieß , which had been arranged by AW Hofmann. Grieß concentrated on the production of aniline- based dyes until a major fire in the benzene distillation plant destroyed a large part of the factory in the summer of 1857, after which Grieß resigned. It was not until 1860 that Oehler succeeded in synthesizing mauvein with new employees. The enormous demand for fuchsine and various synthetic blue tones allowed the company to expand continuously at the Offenbach location, but from 1862 also led to the establishment of the major competitor Badische Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik , Friedr. Bayer et comp. and Theerfarbenfabrik Meister Lucius & Co . In 1870, on the opposite side of the Main in Fechenheim, the Frankfurt aniline paint factory was founded by Gans and Leonhardt .

In 1870, two of his sons, Karl (1836–1909) and Eduard (1837–1909), took over the management of the family business K. Oehler aniline and aniline paint factory . From 1872–1878, Alfred Kern developed new triphenylmethane dyes here. 1884–1888 Paul Friedlaender took over the scientific laboratory and examined the international patent situation. Own patents were granted to Theodor Meyer, Julius Herbany, Leopold August Laska and Karl Oehler. By contrast, only one patent is known from Eduard and his son Eugen.

In 1883, K. Oehler in Offenbach, along with other industrialists and university chemists, donated a (relatively high) amount of 100 marks for the “ Wöhler Monument ”. In 1908, the Geh.Komm.-Rat Oehler donated its 10,000 Mk share from 1898 to the Hofmannhaus Society of the DChG.

On July 6, 1905 the company K. Oehler Anilin- und Anilinfarbenfabrik Offenbach was sold by the owners for 2 million marks to the Frankfurt company Griesheim-Elektron . At the time of sale, the family business with around 600 employees had an annual turnover of (only) 7.5 million marks. Because of international competition and price pressure, the first chemical companies in the paint industry joined forces in 1904 to form “ interest groups ”.

1906–1952 Naphtol-Chemie Offenbach

The "Naphtol-Chemie" in Offenbach 1905

The technical director of the Griesheim plant, Bernhard Lepsius, was the new plant manager from 1906 to 1910 . Griesheim-Elektron expanded the factory in Offenbach and developed new dyeing processes, later it was renamed Naphtol-Chemie Offenbach . From LA Laska , Arthur Zitscher and Adolf Winther was found in 1911, that the anilide of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-3-carboxylic acid as coupling component is particularly well suited to light on cotton and produce indelible azo dyes. This coupling component was produced in Offenbach from 1912 under the trade name Naphtol AS .

In 1925, Griesheim-Elektron was one of the founding members of IG Farbenindustrie AG under the management board of Plieninger .

1952–1993 Hoechst Offenbach plant

The Arthur-von-Weinberg-Steg has been connecting the Cassella and Offenbach plants since 1981

As part of the disengagement of IG Farben in 1951, the Offenbach plant was originally supposed to be dismantled after 1945, but was then maintained as " Naphtol-Chemie Offenbach " and later integrated as the Offenbach plant in the Hoechst paintworks. Since the mid-1960s, the factory gained a new pillar with the production of polyester raw materials. Among other things, dimethyl terephthalate was manufactured here as a preliminary product for polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which was further processed into textile fibers under the Trevira brand name , into polyester films ( Hostaphan ) and beverage bottles. In 1981 Cassella AG set up a joint sewage treatment plant in Frankfurt-Fechenheim to purify the wastewater from Cassella AG and the Offenbach plant. The two plants are about three kilometers apart on different sides of the Main . The Arthur-von-Weinberg-Steg was built to cross the Main for the sewage pipe from Offenbach .

1994–2010 spin-offs

In 1997, Hoechst sold the specialty chemicals business , which also included the Offenbach plant and the Cassella site in Fechenheim, to Clariant . In 1998 the Offenbach and Cassella plants of Clariant merged to form the Cassella-Offenbach plant . As part of the plant merger, infrastructure areas of the plants were merged. The factory school and the analytics division have been combined at the Cassella site.

In 2001, Clariant sold the Cassella-Offenbach plant, with the exception of two research departments, to a group of former Hoechst managers who continued the business under the name AllessaChemie GmbH. Until mid-2009, the Offenbach location was used by Invista Resins & Fibers - buyers of the Hoechst polyester division - as well as Allessa and IWO Pellets Rhein-Main. The infrastructure was provided by Allessa.

On February 5, 2009, Invista Resins & Fibers announced that it would discontinue production at the Offenbach location and withdraw completely from Offenbach by the end of 2009. Allessa also shut down the last production facility in mid-2010. Then the 32 hectare site was removed down to the listed buildings. Energieversorgung Offenbach operates a pellet plant on the site .

Development since 2010

From 2009 to 2019 the site lay fallow. On November 4th, 2019 the city of Offenbach announced that it had bought the site for € 7.2 million and that it was developing an industrial area again. It should be the third. The city also bears the costs of the disposal of toxins from the past 170 years.

Others

The former chemical plant is part of the Route der Industriekultur Rhein-Main project .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dissertation with Justus von Liebig in Gießen : About the composition of some organic substances. From Blanchet and Sell. In: Ann. d. Pharm. 6, (1833), pp. 259-308.
  2. ↑ About the Dr. Sell ​​in Offenbach made asphalt roofs. In: Polytechnisches Journal . 99, 1846, pp. 180-184.
  3. ↑ From the obituary by AW Hofmann for Peter Grieß , p. 1019 f.
  4. ↑ Hessisches Wirtschaftsarchiv e. V.
  5. ↑ AW Hofmann: Chemical investigation of the organic bases in the coal tar oil. In: Liebigs Ann. 43, (1843), pp. 37-87.
  6. ↑ Mauvein, Mauve, Aniline Purple. In: F. Beilstein: Handbook of organic chemistry. 3. Edition. Volume 3, p. 678; see also detailed biography of AW Hofmann ; and G. Schultz: Die Chemie des Steinkohlentheers with special consideration of artificial organic dyes. 1882, p. 530 (PDF).
  7. ^ Karl Huebner: 150 years of Mauvein. In: Chemistry in Our Time. 40, 2006, pp. 274-275, doi: 10.1002 / ciuz.200690054 .
  8. ↑ Germany's chemical industry 1888–1913 by B. Lepsius, pp. 61–63.
  9. ^ Described in great detail in Hofmann's obituary for Peter Grieß on pages 1019 and 1020
  10. ↑ Julius Herbany received his doctorate in 1890 under Adolf Claus in Freiburg
  11. ↑ Leopold August Laska remained loyal to the company until his retirement in 1937. Patents from 1905/1906 were US 801598 from July 15, 1905 and US 841877 from March 21, 1906
  12. ↑ Patent list up to 1892 incomplete because it is difficult to research: DE 12932 of July 14, 1880 ... DE 43714 of July 28, 1887 , DE 43720 of October 27, 1887 , ... DE 71182 , DE 71228 , DE 71229 and DE 71230 of July 13 1892 , GB 13402 of July 10, 1893 , GB 22204 of November 20, 1893 , GB 00676 of January 10, 1895 , GB 20530 of October 30, 1895 , GB 22297 of December 7, 1900 , GB 22397 of December 8, 1900 , GB 04340 of February 24, 1903 , GB 04667 of February 27, 1903 , GB 05792 of March 12, 1903 , GB 08575 of April 15, 1903 , GB 01581 of January 21, 1904 , GB 07863 of April 5, 1904 , GB 10678 of 9 May 1904 , GB 12270 of 30 April 1904 , FR 3563 of 13 June 1904 , GB 25506 of 23 November 1904 , GB 28596 of 28 December 1904 , FR 353270 of 21 January 1905 , FR 354454 of 1 April 1905 , FR 354467 of May 4, 1905 .
  13. ↑ Eugen Oehler: Contributions to the chemistry of the brown coal tarry. In: Angewandte Chemie. 12, (1899) pp. 561-563.
  14. ↑ GB 07838 of November 30, 1904, the only findable patent from Eduard and Eugen Oehler.
  15. ^ Reports of the German Chemical Society in Berlin, 1883 (list of donations between, p. 1248 and 1249)
  16. ↑ Excerpt from the minutes of the board meeting. In: Reports of the German Chemical Society. 41, 1908, pp. 1783–1783, doi: 10.1002 / cber.19080410244 .
  17. ↑ Sales date July 6, 1905 . - Economic-commercial part. In: Journal for Applied Chemistry. 19, 1906, pp. 1781–1788, doi: 10.1002 / anie.19060194208 : F rankfurt a. M.: On the occasion of the introduction of 3 million Mk young shares on the Frankfurt and Berlin stock exchanges, details about the purchase of the aniline and aniline paint factory from K. Oehler by the chemical factory Grießheim-Elektron are announced. After that, the company K. Oehler achieved a gross profit of 946,389 Mk in 1904 (988,020 Mk in 1903 and 984,073 Mk in 1902), of which after deduction of 110,813 Mk royalties and 360,237 Mk depreciation remained 455,339 Mk (468,738 Mk in 1903 and 520,086 Mk in 1902). The 1 million Mk of the new shares in Griesheim-Elektron, which remained free for the owners of the Oehler company after deducting the 2 million Mk , was taken over by a consortium and offered 230% to the old shareholders. The premium increased the reserve to Mk 5.61 million, with share capital of Mk 12 million. Griesheim-Elektron distributed dividends of 12% in each of the last three financial years. ...
  18. ^ Naphtol AS Pigments. In: W. Herbst, K. Hunger: Industrial Organic Pigments: Production, Properties, Applications. 3rd, compl. revised Edition. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2004, ISBN 3-527-30576-9 , p. 280 - DE 256999 of July 4, 1911 and DE 261594 of May 18, 1912
  19. ↑ Brand name Naphtol AS, Reg.Nr. 345,595, filed Aug. 31, 1925, subsequent owner DyStar , Brand deleted 31 August 2015 - the spelling in the Anglo-Saxon is / was often "naphth h modified ol AS".
  20. ↑ Thorsten Winter and Anton Jakob Weinberger: Allessa-Chemie is affected by invista. In: FAZ.net . February 5, 2009, accessed June 28, 2016 .
  21. ↑ Invista in Gersthofen is being strengthened. In: augsburger-allgemeine.de. February 6, 2009, accessed June 28, 2016 .
  22. ↑ Jörg Muthorst: Allessa Industrial Park: chemical site in transition. In: fr-online.de . September 12, 2010, accessed June 28, 2016 .
  23. ↑ Chemical area on Mühlheimer and Kettelerstraße in Offenbach: only hills until further notice. In: op-online.de. January 23, 2015, accessed June 28, 2016 .
  24. ↑ Hessenschau.de, accessed on Nov. 5, 2019
  25. ↑ Local route guide No. 13 of the Route der Industriekultur Rhein-Main. (PDF; 686 kB) (No longer available online.) In: krfrm.de. KulturRegion FrankfurtRheinMain gGmbH, August 2006, archived from the original on November 17, 2015 ; accessed on November 14, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.krfrm.de

literature

Web links

Coordinates: 50 ° 6 ′ 28.7 "  N , 8 ° 46 ′ 56.5"  E