Thaana alphabet
| Thaana | ||
|---|---|---|
| Font | alphabet | |
| languages | Dhivehi | |
| Usage time | since ~ 1600 | |
| Officially in | Maldives | |
| ancestry |
Byblos script → Phoenician script → Aramaic script → Nabataean script → Arabic script → Thaana |
|
| particularities | horizontally from right to left | |
| Unicode block | U + 0780 to U + 07B1 | |
| ISO 15924 | Thaa | |
|
||
|
You can see here whether your browser |
|
|
|
ދިވެހި |
|
The text (right) should |
|
Thaana ( ތާނަ, also written Tāna ) denotes the alphabet of Dhivehi , the language of the Maldives .
The Dhivehi is one of the Indo-Aryan languages , but the Thaana script shows more Arabic than Indian influence. However, while in Arabic each letter can have multiple forms, in Thaana there is only one form for each letter. It is a phonetic (sound-bound) script. That means, with a few exceptions, one can infer the spelling from the pronunciation and the pronunciation from the spelling. A transcription in the Latin alphabet is possible without major difficulties. In the Maldives, Thaana script and Latin script (“Dhivehi Letin”) are used side by side.
Thaana, like Arabic, is written from right to left, and vowels are also indicated by superscripts or subscripts (subscript in the case of [ i ] and [ iː ]).
Every consonant (= letter) has such a vowel, or a " Sukun " as a sign for a consonant without a vowel . The only exception to this is the consonant "noonu", which prenasalizes the following plosive without additional marking .
The vowel signs are called "fili". There are five “fili” for short vowels (a, i, u, e, o), of which the first three are written as in Arabic (“ fatha ”, “ kasra ”, “ damma ”). The “fili” for the long vowels (in the transcription aa, ee, oo, ey, oa) are (except for the above) simply doubled short “fili”.
The letter " Alifu " (after Alif ) has no sound value of its own. Instead, it is used in three ways:
- It can be the carrier of a vowel without a preceding consonant, i.e. with vowels at the beginning of a word and the second part of diphthongs .
- If he is the bearer of the "Sukun" -sign, it serves to geminate (lengthen) the following consonant; however, nasals are always preceded by “noonu” + “sukun”.
- If the connection “Alifu” + “Sukun” is at the end of the word, the word ends in / eh / ( SAMPA code).
Thaana uses the Unicode characters 1920–1983 (hexadecimal 0x780–0x7BF, see also Unicode block Thaana ) and is supported by Windows XP , among others .
Letters of the Thaana script
Vowels are shown with an alifu carrier.
| grapheme | HTML entity | Surname | Latin transcription | IPA value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ހ | & # x780; | Haa | H | [ h ] |
| ށ | & # x781; | Shaviyani | sh | [ ʂ ] |
| ނ | & # x782; | Noonu | n | [ n̪ ] |
| ރ | & # x783; | Raa | r | [ ɾ ] |
| ބ | & # x784; | Baa | b | [ b ] |
| ޅ | & # x785; | Lhaviyani | lh | [ ɭ ] |
| ކ | & # x786; | Kaafu | k | [ k ] |
| އ | & # x787; | Alifu | changeable | see article |
| ވ | & # x788; | Vaavu | v | [ ʋ ] |
| މ | & # x789; | Meemu | m | [ m ] |
| ފ | & # x78A; | Faafu | f | [ f ] |
| ދ | & # x78B; | Dhaalu | ie | [ d̪ ] |
| ތ | & # x78C; | Thaa | th | [ t̪ ] |
| ލ | & # x78D; | Laamu | l | [ l ] |
| ގ | & # x78E; | Gaafu | G | [ g ] |
| ޏ | & # x78F; | Gnaviyani | gn | [ ɲ ] |
| ސ | & # x790; | Seenu | s | [ s̺ ] |
| ޑ | & # x791; | Daviyani | d | [ ɖ ] |
| ޒ | & # x792; | Zaviyani | z | [ z̺ ] |
| ޓ | & # x793; | Taviyani | t | [ ʈ ] |
| ޔ | & # x794; | Yaa | y | [ j ] |
| ޕ | & # x795; | Paviyani | p | [ p ] |
| ޖ | & # x796; | Javiyani | j | [ d͡ʒ ] |
| ޗ | & # x797; | Chaviyani | ch | [ t͡ʃ ] |
| ޘ | & # x798; | Ttaa | th ' | [ s̺ ] |
| ޙ | & # x799; | Hhaa | H' | [ h ] |
| ޚ | & # x79A; | Khaa | kh | [ h ] |
| ޛ | & # x79B | Thaalu | ie ' | [ z̺ ] |
| ޜ | & # x79C; | Zhaa | x | [ ʒ ] |
| ޝ | & # x79D; | Sheenu | sh ' | [ ʂ ] |
| ޞ | & # x79E; | Saadhu | s' | [ s̺ ] |
| ޟ | & # x79F; | Daadhu | l ' | [ l ] |
| ޠ | & # x7A0; | To | t ' | [ t̪ ] |
| ޡ | & # x7A1; | Zo | z ' | [ l ] / [ Z ] |
| ޢ | & # x7A2; | Ainu | ' | [ ʔ ] |
| ޣ | & # x7A3; | Ghainu | gh | [ ɡ ] |
| ޤ | & # x7A4; | Qaafu | q | [ ɡ ] |
| ޥ | & # x7A5; | Waavu | w | [ ʋ ] |
| އަ | & # x7A6; | Abafili | a | [ ə ] |
| އާ | & # x7A7; | Aabaafili | aa | [ əː ] |
| އި | & # x7A8; | Ibifili | i | [ i ] |
| އީ | & # x7A9; | Eebeefili | ee | [ iː ] |
| އު | & # x7AA; | Ubufili | u | [ u ] |
| އޫ | & # x7AB; | Ooboofili | oo | [ uː ] |
| އެ | & # x7AC; | Ebefili | e | [ e ] |
| އޭ | & # x7AD; | Eybeyfili | ey | [ eː ] |
| އޮ | & # x7AE; | Obofili | O | [ ɔ ] |
| އޯ | & # x7AF; | Oaboafili | oa | [ ɔː ] |
| އް | & # x7B0; | Sukun | changeable | see article |
| ޱ | & # x7B1; | Well | ṇ | [ ɳ ] |
Web links
- Brief description of the Thaana alphabet (English)
- 13.1 Thaana . (PDF; 573 kB) The Unicode 10.0 Standard (English)
- Thaana . (English; PDF; 80 kB) Unicode Character Code Charts (English)
- Download of the Unicode Font Titus uni-frankfurt.de - The Unicode Font Titus contains the Thaana letters
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of alphabets in the world . Retrieved October 14, 2011