Tqibuli
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Tqibuli ტყიბული |
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| State : |
 Georgia
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| Region : | Imereti | ||
| Municipality : | Tqibuli | ||
| Coordinates : | 42 ° 21 ′ N , 43 ° 0 ′ E | ||
| Height : | 700 m. ü. M. | ||
| Residents : | 9,770 (2014) | ||
| Time zone : | Georgian Time (UTC + 4) | ||
| Community type: | city | ||
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Tqibuli ( Georgian ტყიბული ; German also Tkibuli , derived from the Russian spelling Ткибули) is a city in Georgia .
location
Tqibuli is located in the central part of Georgia, about 160 kilometers as the crow flies northwest of the capital Tbilisi and 25 kilometers northeast of the regional capital Kutaisi , in the Imereti region and is the administrative seat of the municipality of the same name Tqibuli .
The city extends over several kilometers in the narrow valley of the river of the same name, Tqibuli (in the lower Dzewri ), a right tributary of the right Rioni tributary Qwirila . To the north, the city is enclosed in a semicircle by the almost 1500 m high Nakerala ridge , as this section of the Ratscha Mountains is called, which separates Imereti from the historical province of Ratscha , part of today's Ratscha-Letschchumi and Lower Svaneti region .
Population development
Tqibuli had 9,770 inhabitants in the 2014 census. The economic crisis of the 1990s after the collapse of the Soviet Union , accompanied by the decline of coal mining, resulted in a decrease in Tqibuli's population by more than half.
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1897 | 800 |
| 1959 | 22,702 |
| 1970 | 23,153 |
| 1979 | 21,821 |
| 1989 | 21,867 |
| 2002 | 14,454 |
| 2014 | 9,770 |
Note: Census data (1897 rounded)
history
1845 was the village Tkwibuli ( Russian Тквибули ), as the place was called until the first half of the 20th century, coal deposits discovered. However, their exploitation on an industrial scale only began after the Rioni – Tqibuli railway was extended to this point in 1887, coming from Kutaisi. A briquette factory was established and in 1897 1,288,000 poods (about 20,000 tons) of coal were mined.
During the Soviet period, coal production was expanded considerably. The population of the place multiplied; it was initially given the status of an urban-type settlement and in 1939 received city rights. From 1945 to 1949 the city was home to the POW camp 518 for German POWs of the Second World War with up to 7,600 inmates in several branch camps. They were mainly used in coal mining and the construction industry. In 1946/1947 the railway line was electrified in order to ensure the continuous supply of coal to the large steelworks newly built in Rustavi in eastern Georgia .
economy
In addition to coal mining, there are companies in the food industry (tea) as well as construction and forestry. South of the city, the Tqibuli river is dammed up to the Tqibuli reservoir, where the Tqibuli or Dsewrula hydropower plant with an output of 80 megawatts has been in operation since 1956 . Beyond the Nakerala ridge, on the Schaori, which flows north to the Rioni, there is another reservoir of the same name, whose water, however, is channeled through a tunnel under the mountain ridge into the valley of the Tqibuli. There, on the northern edge of the city of Tqibuli, it drives the Schaori hydropower plant with an output of 38 megawatts, which went into operation in 1955. Both power plants are now operated by Energo-Pro Georgia , which belongs to the Czech company Energo-Pro .
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Tqibuli is the end point of the 52-kilometer-long Rioni – Tqibuli railway , which branches off the Poti – Baku railway at Rioni station in a southern suburb of Kutaisi . The Tqibuli 1 , Tqibuli 2 and Tqibuli Kopi railway stations are located in the city area .
Road connection exists in a south-westerly direction to Kutaisi and to the south through the valley of the Tqibuli. The road continues north over the 1218 m high Nakerala pass over the Ratscha mountain range to the capital of the Ratscha-Letschchumi region and Lower Vanetia Ambrolauri , 42 km away by road (as the crow flies) , where the Ossetian military road through the upper Rioni Valley is reached.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Kachi Kawsadze (* 1935), theater and film actor
- Tariel Oniani (born 1952), mafia boss
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population Census 2014
- ↑ Tkwibuli in Brockhaus-Efron (Russian)
- ↑ Article Tkibuli in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ Places of custody of German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union (1941-1956): Findbuch . Saxon Memorial Foundation, Dresden 2010, ISBN 978-3-934382-22-0 , p. 22 .
- ^ Neil Robinson: World Rail Atlas . Vol. 8: The Middle East and Caucasus . 2006. ISBN 954-12-0128-8 , p. 15.
- ^ Website of Energo-Pro Georgia (English, Georgian)