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Torsa stenar, the typical Treudd

The Treudd (plur. Treuddar, English Tri-radial cairn or Trident , Norwegian Treodde also called trekantet or stjerneformet grav ) is a three-armed stone setting , mostly with concave sides.

description

The Treudd is a special form of the Röse whose range it is based on and is therefore rare in southern Sweden and extremely rare in Denmark . When Treudd there are usually a succinct kerbstones, opposite the environment slightly increased pavers about head-sized boulders (not for Öinge treudd). In addition to the Treuddar with low kerbstones, there is a Norwegian variant as a triangular paved square. The three narrow outer ends are sometimes marked with large blocks. Although some contain Treuddar tombs, they are often empty, suggesting that they had a different cultic meaning. Of 120 Treuddar investigated, 65% contain burnt bones and grave goods. Some have stone blocks or empty areas in the center. A Treudd at Täby had a foundation pit in the center, which apparently had supported a stake. On the burial ground southeast of Uppsala , known as Inhåleskullen ( German for Devil's Hill from the Swedish hin håle for devil), a Treudd was excavated in 2010, in which part of the curbs were still present and the central part was significantly raised. The Treuddar von Öinge, about 25 m apart, have sides of 33 m and are among the largest in Sweden.

distribution

Treuddar and Treodde come in about 90 copies in Denmark, in 150 copies in Norway ( De fem dårlige jomfruer , Edøya , Dødssnødjo ) and about 2800 copies in Sweden. There are also around 200 triangular graves. Treudds come z. B. in Småland and in the Vendel and Viking times in Uppland and central Sweden. Concentrations can be found around Lake Bolmen , in the neighboring municipalities of Ljungby and Hylte . There are 15 burial grounds with Treudds in Småland and seven in Bohuslän and Blekinge . Further centers are Halland , the central Östergötland and Mälardalen . In contrast, no Treudds have been found on Gotland , Dalarna , Värmland or northern Sweden, but a variant with sides of 12, 19 and 21 from the Iron Age can be found in the Lopperstad burial ground and near Jordham on Öland . In Denmark, Treudds occur in Himmerland and Thy (Hørby, Lindholm Høje , Riss Fattiggård, Torslev).

Tri-radial cairn

The northern English version of Treudd is the Bronze Age "Tri-radial cairn". Tri-radial cairns are a type of monument found in the moors of northern England. They consist of three radial stone arms, usually no more than six meters long and half a meter high. Over 20 examples are known, with a concentration of eight in Lordenshaws in Northumberland . The degree of conservation of the tri-radial cairns varies.

Time position

Like square cairns with curbs and large corner stones, the complexes are mainly dated to the older and younger Iron Age.

The Swedish archaeologist Anders Andrén presented the idea in 2002 that the Treudd symbolized the world ash Yggdrasil with its three roots. Symbolism based on the number three ( Valknut ) is widespread in the north until the Viking Age .

See also

literature

  • Anders Andrén: I skuggan av Yggdrasil. Trädet mellan idé och realitet i nordisk tradition. In: Anders Andrén, Kristina Jennbert, Catharina Raudvere (eds.): Ordning mot kaos. Studier av nordisk förkristen kosmologi (= Vägar till Midgård. 4). Nordic Academic Press, Lund 2004, ISBN 91-89116-63-1 , pp. 389-430.
  • Karsten Laust Krambs: Trekantede grave (treuddar) i Halland [1] PDF

Remarks

  1. ^ RAÄ Vaksala 155
  2. ^ Anders Andrén: I skuggan av Yggdrasil. Trädet mellan idé och realitet i nordisk tradition. In: Anders Andrén, Kristina Jennbert, Catharina Raudvere (eds.): Ordning mot kaos. Studier av nordisk förkristen kosmologi (= Vägar till Midgård. 4). Nordic Academic Press, Lund 2004, ISBN 91-89116-63-1 , pp. 389-430.

Web links

Commons : Treuddar  - collection of images, videos and audio files