Unity (state)

This article or section needs a revision: see English Wikipedia: "In 2015, a presidential decree established a new system of 28 states, replacing the previously established 10. Unity State was replaced by the states of Ruweng, Northern Liech, and Southern Liech. "
Please help to improve it , and then remove this flag.

Unity
Basic data
Country	South Sudan
Capital	Bentiu
surface	35,956 km²
Residents	585,801 (2008 census)
density	16 inhabitants per km²
ISO 3166-2	SS-UY
politics
governor	Taban Deng Gai

Coordinates: 9 ° 22 '  N , 29 ° 49'  E

Unity ( Arabic الوحدة al-Wahda , German : "Unity"; also called Western Upper Nile in English ) is a federal state in South Sudan .

It has an area of ​​35,956 km² and, according to the official results of the 2008 census, around 586,000 inhabitants. Its capital is Bentiu . There are significant oil reserves in Unity.

geography

Important places besides the capital Bentiu are Rubkona , Mayom , Leer , Adok , Nyal and Pariang . A smaller village is Biem .

population

The residents of Unity are mainly from the Nuer and Dinka ethnic groups .

history

From 1919 to 1991 the area of ​​today's federal state Unity belonged to the province of A'ali an-Nil (Obernil), from 1991 to 1994 it belonged to the newly created state of A'ali an-Nil, which belongs to the borders of the province of A'ali -Nile from 1919 to 1976. On February 14, 1994, Unity was split off from A'ali an-Nil as a separate state.

Oil discoveries

In 1978, Chevron found crude oil for the first time near Bentiu in Sudan. The Sudanese government named the oil field Unity / al-Wahda. In 1980, the government under Jafar Numeiri tried to change the boundaries of the then A'ali an-Nil province so that the oil reserves belonged to the northern province of Kordofan . However, it failed due to the resistance in the parliament from South Sudan and in the form of demonstrations.

Civil war

In the second war of secession in southern Sudan , the expelled government forces and pro-government Baggara militias from 1983 Nuer- and Dinka civilians from the oil fields in the north of the state. The population in these areas was badly affected by the war. Much of the Nuer and Dinka cattle were stolen. As people retreated to the forests to avoid the attacks, they were increasingly exposed to the tropical disease kala azar .

In the rest of the state, various warlords fought at times for, at times against the Sudanese government and against each other.

In 2001/02, Baggara militias penetrated the new bridge in Bentiu, which had been built by the Swedish oil company Lundin Petroleum , for the first time over the Bahr al-Ghazal to the south into further oil areas.

Since the 2005 peace agreement

Since 2010, several former commanders of the SPLA , which has ruled South Sudan since 2005, have been leading Unity rebellions against the government, in particular Gatluak Gai (since 2010) and Peter Gatdet Yak (since March 2011).

In June 2011, the Sudanese army carried out several air strikes on Yau (Jaw, Jau) near the Unity-Sudan border, where the SPLA is based. Five civilians are said to have been killed in these attacks, which are related to the fighting in Janub Kurdufan , Sudan . In November 2011, the Sudanese Air Force bombed a camp in Yida where more than 20,000 refugees from Sudan live. In February 2012 fighting broke out again over the town of Jau , in which up to 150 soldiers from the north were killed. In April 2012, the Sudanese Air Force bombed Bentiu.

On February 20, 2017, UN relief agencies and South Sudan's food authority IPC officially established the existence of a famine in the districts of Leer and Mayendit . 100,000 people are in acute danger of starvation.

economy

The state has oil deposits that are exploited by the Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company .

Web links

• Map (PDF) on reliefweb.int

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Key Indicators for Unity. Accessed March 31, 2019 . 
2. ↑ Central Bureau of Statistics / Southern Sudan Center for Census Statistics and Evaluation: 5th Sudan Population and Housing Census - 2008 ( Memento of the original from May 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 425 kB) Table: T02 
3. ↑ Historical overview of the Sudanese states on statoids.com
4. ↑ Human Rights Watch: Sudan, Oil, and Human Rights , 2003, pp. 46, 95
5. ↑ HRW 2003, p. 96f.
6. ↑ HRW 2003, pp. 100-107
7. ↑ HRW 2003, pp. 42, 58, 83
8. ↑ Peter Gadet's Rebellion (PDF) Small Arms Survey Sudan, June 3, 2011
9. ↑ Gatluak Gai's Rebellion, Unity State (PDF) Small Arms Survey Sudan, March 23, 2011
10. ↑ Over 2,000 displaced by north's bombing of Unity State - officials . In: Sudan Tribune , June 18, 2011
11. ^ North Sudan strikes again in Unity State, southern official . In: Sudan Tribune , June 14, 2011
12. ↑ SPLA accuses Khartoum of bombing Unity State . in: BBC News, June 10, 2011
13. ↑ Eric Reeves: Full-scale war looms as Khartoum bombs civilians in South Sudan , in: Sudan Tribune, November 11, 2011
14. ↑ Fierce fighting on the border between North and South Sudan in FAZ of February 29, 2012, page 7
15. ↑ [1]
16. ↑ [2]
17. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated February 23, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.