Pea vetch
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Pea vetch ( Vicia pisiformis ) |
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The peas Vetch ( Vicia pisiformis ), also pea journal Vetch called, is a species of the genus Vicia in the sub-family of papilionaceous (Faboideae).
description
Appearance and leaf
The pea vetch is a climbing, perennial herbaceous plant with a strong, branched base axis. The completely bare, fresh green stem is 1 to 2 meters long, single or branched upwards, climbing, soft, angular and grooved.
The pinnate leaves are 10 to 20 centimeters long, have branched, rarely simple tendrils and three to five pairs of large, clearly stalked leaflets . The lowermost leaflets are equal to about the half arrow-shaped, more than 1/3 so long, slightly sinuous toothed stipules that simulate characterized pea-like major side sheets. The leaflets are egg-shaped, about usually 2 to 4, rarely up to 6 centimeters long and almost as wide (the lower ones up to 4 centimeters), rounded to weakly edged and often pointed briefly. They have 10 to 20 pairs of networked lateral nerves.
Inflorescence and flower
The racemose inflorescences are usually more or less as long as the leaves without the tendrils, protruding arched on strong stems, one-sided, about 10 to 30-flowered, with linear, decrepit bracts.
The flowering time is mainly in the months of May to August. The flower stalks are 3 to 4 millimeters long. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic at a height of 12 to 15 millimeters and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five greenish-white sepals are wide bell-shaped, crookedly fused with short, lanceolate calyx teeth separated by wide bays, initially more or less ciliate. The five sulfur-yellow petals are about four times as long as the calyx and nailed quite long. The flag is round, edged, a little longer than the wings and the blunt, greenish boat at the front .
Fruit and seeds
The nodding, when ripe, brown legumes are about 2.5 to 4 inches long and 6 to 9 millimeters wide, narrowed at both ends, flat, glabrous, and contain about six seeds. The dull brown to black seeds are spherical with a diameter of up to 5 millimeters.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12.
Occurrence
The pea vetch is widespread from France to Central Europe to Poland, Russia to the Caucasus, in southern Scandinavia, in northern Italy and on the Balkan Peninsula. Vicia pisiformis is a temperate continental floral element . The pea vetch occurs very scattered in Central Europe.
The pea vetch is widespread in Germany mainly in western Thuringia and the neighboring areas. The north-westerly locations are in North Hesse on Edersee , Waldeck district and Marsberg in the neighboring Hochsauerlandkreis ( North Rhine-Westphalia ), otherwise they are largely absent.
In Austria , the pea Wicke is rare in Switzerland very rare to find.
It loves warmth, but not a xerophyte . Warm southern slopes on Jura limestone and gypsum keuper are particularly appealing to it, where it thrives in the fringes of dry bush forests or bushes; but it also occurs on basalt , gneiss , sand and so on. In terms of plant sociology, it occurs predominantly in Central Europe in societies of the Trifolion-medii association, but can also occur in those of the Potentillo-albae-Quercion-petraeae association.
The isolated position as well as the low variability of Vicia pisiformis suggest a high evolutionary age.
Hazards and protective measures
Although Vicia pisiformis has only individual distribution focuses and is listed very rarely or as endangered in some countries, it is not endangered overall, which is why the IUCN lists it in the “Least Concern” category.
literature
- Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe. 1975, Paul Parey Publishing House, Berlin and Hamburg, ISBN 3-489-70020-1
- Christian August Friedrich Garcke : Illustrated flora. 1972, Paul Parey Publishing House, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
- Oskar Sebald, Seybold, Philippi: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. 1990, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7 .
- Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
- August Binz , Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. 1986, Schwabe & Co. AG, Basel, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora. 1990, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition, page 610. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
- ↑ Vicia pisiformis in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2013.2. Posted by: L. Lopez Poveda, 2010. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
Web links
- Pea vetch. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Pea vetch . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Vicia pisiformis L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved November 22, 2015.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
