Personnel in Auschwitz concentration camp
The personnel in Auschwitz concentration camp , mostly known as the camp SS or Totenkopf SS , were deployed between May 1940 and January 1945 in the various Nazi Auschwitz concentration camps to guard and organize camp operations by the concentration camp inspection department (ICL). The camp staff committed murders, crimes against humanity , some war crimes and other criminal acts there. This also included a small number of people who did not belong to the SS death's head associations. The personnel structures were standardized by the ICL for all concentration camps .
The warehouse staff
In the period between the establishment of the Auschwitz concentration camp in May 1940 and its dissolution in January 1945, almost 10,000 members of the camp SS were employed with the guards outside the camp or as overseers directly in the camp area. The Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (IPN), the Polish State Institute for National Remembrance, used the written sources to compile a database that lists 9,686 SS men in the Auschwitz concentration camp. In January 2017, access to the database was activated on the Internet. The entries can u. a. browse by name.
Due to constant relocations, there was a high turnover of staff, on average 3,000 to 4,000 SS members performed their “duty” in the Auschwitz camp complex. The highest number of members of the camp SS was reached in the course of the evacuation of the camp in January 1945 with 4481 people, when the death marches of concentration camp prisoners began.
Members of the camp SS received a. a. considerable benefits through relocation allowances. The warehouse staff was u. a. with families partly in accommodations in the main camp of Auschwitz concentration camp , but also in houses near the camp area that had previously been confiscated from the local Polish population. As part of the expansion of the camp complex, a separate SS settlement was planned in 1941. To "distract" from everyday life in the camp, the members of the camp SS u. a. cultural events such as B. Comradeship evenings offered.
Organizational structure of the Auschwitz concentration camp complex
The Auschwitz concentration camp complex temporarily comprised three independent concentration camps and 39 or more satellite camps . The differently named subcamps or satellite camps were assigned to either Auschwitz I or Monowitz (Auschwitz III).
- The Auschwitz I concentration camp (main camp) was the first concentration camp on site from May 1940 and then served as the administrative center for the entire camp complex.
- The Auschwitz II (Birkenau) concentration camp was established in 1941 and was a relatively independent unit from November 1943 to November 1944, but was then combined again with the main camp in an administrative unit.
- The Auschwitz III (Monowitz) concentration camp was an independent main camp from November 1943 to January 1945.
In terms of time, the organization of the Auschwitz concentration camp complex can be divided into three phases:
- May 1940 to October 1943 (phase of rapid expansion)
- November 1943 to November 1944 (administrative differentiation)
- End of November 1944 to January 1945 (final phase)
Site Elder
As site elders of the SS (see also area of interest of Auschwitz concentration camp ) acted:
| Name and primary role | Period of function as site elder in Auschwitz |
|---|---|
| Rudolf Höss , commandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp | May 1940 to November 1943 |
| Arthur Liebehenschel , commandant of Auschwitz I concentration camp (main camp) | November 1943 to May 1944 |
| Rudolf Höß , head of the DI office in the WVHA | May to July 1944 |
| Richard Baer , Commander of Auschwitz I (main camp), and of Auschwitz II (Birkenau) from late November 1944 | July 1944 to January 1945 |
The first two site elders held this position in addition to their work as commanders of the main camp . In May 1944, Oswald Pohl, as head of the SS Economic and Administrative Main Office (WVHA), ordered a change in the camp commanders deployed in the Auschwitz concentration camp complex and at the same time appointed Rudolf Höß, who had meanwhile risen to department head in the WVHA, to be the site elder. In this function he organized the so-called " Hungary Action ", the mass murder of the Hungarian Jews . He was also involved in training the newly appointed camp commanders Richard Baer (for the main camp ) and Josef Kramer (for the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp ) deals. After Höß had left the Auschwitz concentration camp complex in July 1944, Baer also took on the position of senior officer.
Department structure
As in the other German concentration camps, there were essentially five departments in the Auschwitz camps that performed different camp-related tasks. The strict hierarchy enabled training and advancement of the group of perpetrators within the system and sometimes in competition with one another. The division of the respective departments was based on the size of the concentration camp.
Department I: command offices
The respective head of Department I was the highest authority within the concentration camp. As the respective camp commandant , he was in command of the guards and other personnel deployed by the SS.
In addition to his authority, there were always command structures for the inspection of the concentration camps , which ensured that the camp operations and staff were included in the overall system of exploitation of the concentration camp inmates and their murder. The headquarters was u. a. also assigned to the post censorship office. In the satellite camps there was no commandant, but a "camp leader" subordinate to the commandant of the main camp (ie Auschwitz I or Auschwitz III).
May 1940 to November 1943
| Surname | function | Place of use | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rudolf Höss | Camp commandant | Auschwitz concentration camp | May 4, 1940 to November 11, 1943 |
| Josef Kramer | adjutant | Auschwitz concentration camp | May 14th to October 30th 1940 |
| Erich Frommhagen | adjutant | Auschwitz concentration camp | November 1, 1940 to November 1, 1941 |
| Edmund Bräuning | adjutant | Auschwitz concentration camp | November 1, 1941 to June 20, 1942 |
| Hanns Lanzius | adjutant | Auschwitz concentration camp | June 20 to August 31, 1942 |
| Robert Mulka | adjutant | Auschwitz concentration camp | August 31, 1942 to March 30, 1943 |
| Ludwig Baumgartner | adjutant | Auschwitz concentration camp | April 2 to November 22, 1943 |
In November 1943, the SS Economic and Administrative Main Office (WVHA) divided the central command of the Auschwitz concentration camps. In this context, Höß was transferred to the WVHA in Berlin in November 1943.
November 1943 to January 1945 - Auschwitz I concentration camp (main camp)
| Surname | function | Place of use | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arthur Liebehenschel | Camp commandant | Auschwitz I concentration camp (main camp) | November 11, 1943 to May 15, 1944 |
| Richard Baer | Camp commandant | Auschwitz I concentration camp (main camp), additionally from the end of November 1944 Auschwitz II concentration camp (Birkenau) | May 1944 to January 1945 |
| Viktor Zoller | adjutant | Auschwitz I concentration camp (main camp) | November 22, 1943 to May 25, 1944 |
| Karl Höcker | adjutant | Auschwitz I concentration camp (main camp) - "General representative for the resettlement of Hungarian Jews" | May 25, 1944 to January 18, 1945 |
| Franz Xaver Kraus | Liaison Office | Auschwitz I concentration camp (main camp) | December 1944 to January 1945 |
November 1943 to November 1944 - Auschwitz II concentration camp (Birkenau)
| Surname | function | Place of use | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Friedrich Hartjenstein | Camp commandant | Auschwitz II concentration camp (Birkenau) | November 1943 to May 1944 |
| Josef Kramer | Camp commandant | Auschwitz II concentration camp (Birkenau) | May to November 1944 |
| Johannes Schindler | adjutant | Auschwitz II concentration camp (Birkenau) | November 22, 1943 to November 25, 1944 |
November 1943 to January 1945 - Auschwitz III concentration camp (Monowitz)
| Surname | function | Place of use | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heinrich Schwarz | Camp commandant | Auschwitz III concentration camp (Monowitz) | November 1943 to January 1945 |
| Rudolf Orlich | adjutant | Auschwitz III concentration camp (Monowitz) | June 1, 1944 to January 18, 1945 |
Department II: Political Department (Camp Gestapo)
This notorious Department II ( Political Department ) was able to operate fairly independently. It made decisions about admission, transfer, release, punishment and execution of the prisoners. The leader was always a member of the SS security service or an officer of the Gestapo or criminal police . His position in the camp hierarchy was ambivalent because on the one hand he had to obey the disciplinary and administrative orders of the camp commandant , but on the other hand he was only subordinate to his higher-ranking Gestapo offices in the exercise of his official duties. His main tasks included fighting the camp resistance movement, preventing escapes and contact with the outside world, preparing and managing prisoner files and correspondence with the Gestapo, the criminal police and the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA).
| Surname | function | Place of use | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maximilian Grabner | Head of Political Department | Auschwitz concentration camp | June 1940 to December 1, 1943 |
| Hans Schurz | Head of Political Department | Auschwitz concentration camp | December 1, 1943 to January 18, 1945 |
Other staff in the Political Department in Auschwitz concentration camp: Wilhelm Boger , Pery Broad , Klaus Dylewski , Hans Stark , Johann Schoberth , Rudolf Mildner , Josef Erber , Bernhard Kristan , Wilhelm Claussen , Anton Brose , Helmut Lange, Helmut Westphal, Otto Clauss, Johann Taute , Bernhard Walter , Ernst Hofmann, Gerhard Lachmann, Ludwig Pach, Wilhelm Witowski,
Department III: Management of protective custody camps
The head of the protective custody camp management was also the commandant's deputy. As a rule, he conducted official correspondence with superordinate and subordinate departments. Report leaders, block leaders and command leaders were subordinate to him. They guarded the forced labor inside the camp and in the external detachments and sub- camps . They had authority over functionaries and inmates. The system of promotion, tiered power and competition was consistently continued among the prisoner functionaries.
From June 1940 to January 1945 - Auschwitz concentration camp
| Surname | function | Place of use | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Karl Fritzsch | Protective custody camp leader | Auschwitz concentration camp | June 14, 1940 to February 1, 1942 |
| Hans Aumeier | Protective custody camp leader | Auschwitz concentration camp | February 1, 1942 to August 16, 1943 |
| Heinrich Schwarz | Protective custody camp leader | Auschwitz concentration camp | August 16 to November 21, 1943, from November 1941 to August 1943 work detail leader |
| Franz Hofmann | Protective custody camp leader | Auschwitz I concentration camp (main camp) | November 22, 1943 to May 1944 |
| Franz Hoessler | Protective custody camp leader | Auschwitz I concentration camp (main camp) | June 1944 to January 1945, 1941 report leader, from August 1943 to January 1944 also protective custody camp leader of the Auschwitz II concentration camp (Birkenau) |
| Franz Xaver Maier | 2. Protective custody camp leader | Auschwitz concentration camp | June 14, 1940 to November 1941 |
| Fritz Seidler | 2. Protective custody camp leader | Auschwitz concentration camp | November 1941 to the end of September 1942, additionally until March 1942 camp leader in the camp section for Soviet prisoners of war |
| Franz Hofmann | 2. Protective custody camp leader | Auschwitz I concentration camp (main camp) | ? until October 1943 |
| Heinrich Josten | 2. Protective custody camp leader | Auschwitz I concentration camp (main camp) | October 1943 to January 18, 1945 |
| Paul Heinrich Theodor Müller | Protective custody camp leader | Auschwitz II (Birkenau) concentration camp - women's camp | July 1942 to August 1943 |
| Johanna Langefeld | Superintendent | Auschwitz concentration camp - women's camp | March to October 1942 |
| Maria Mandl | Superintendent | Auschwitz II (Birkenau) concentration camp - women's camp, also Labor Service Leader Auschwitz II (Birkenau) | October 1942 to November 1944 |
| Elisabeth Volkenrath | Superintendent | Auschwitz II (Birkenau) concentration camp - women's camp | November 1944 to January 1945 |
| Johann Schwarzhuber | Protective custody camp leader, men's camp | Auschwitz II concentration camp (Birkenau) | March 14, 1942 to September 1944 |
| Vincent Schöttl | Protective custody camp leader | Auschwitz III concentration camp (Monowitz) | July 1942 to January 1945 |
Other staff in the protective custody camp management department in Auschwitz: Stefan Baretzki , Gerhard Palitzsch , Ludwig Plagge , Oswald Kaduk , Bruno Schlage , Therese Brandl , Hildegard Jungs , Johanna Bormann , Margot Drechsel , Therese Brandl, Irma Grese , Emma Zimmer , Luise Danz , Alice Orlowski , Bernhard Rakers
Department IIIa: Labor deployment
This department was initially assigned to Department III Protective Custody Camp. It was not until mid-April 1942 that this department was headed independently by a protective custody camp leader E, the labor deployment leader. In this department, the prisoner labor deployment was coordinated and administered. The labor service leaders were subordinate to the labor deployment leader. In the Auschwitz-Birkenau and Auschwitz-Monowitz concentration camps there was no independent Department IIIa. The labor service leaders there were subordinate to the protective custody camp leader E in the main camp.
| Surname | function | Place of use | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jakob Fries | Labor Service Leader | Auschwitz concentration camp | May 1942 to December 1943 |
| Heinrich Schwarz | Protective Custody Camp Leader E | Auschwitz concentration camp | April 1942 to August 1943 |
| Max Sell | Protective Custody Camp Leader E | Auschwitz concentration camp | August 1943 to January 1945 |
Department IV: Administration (SS site administration)
At the head was the SS administrator. Department IV regulated the supply of clothing and food. The confiscated property of the inmates was administered here.
| Surname | function | Place of use | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Max Meyr | Administrative manager | Auschwitz concentration camp | June 1 to October 1, 1940 |
| Rudolf Wagner | Administrative manager | Auschwitz concentration camp | October 1, 1940 to July 15, 1942 |
| Wilhelm Burger | Administrative manager | Auschwitz concentration camp | July 1942 to April 1943 |
| Karl Möckel | Administrative manager | Auschwitz concentration camp | April 1943 to January 1945 |
Other staff in the administration department at Auschwitz concentration camp: Arthur Breitwieser , Walter Dürrfeld
Department V: Medical Services (on-site doctor)
Department V ( medical services ) included the concentration camp doctors and nurses from the infirmary. Her early job was to monitor the prisoners' health. In later years, admission to the infirmary developed increasingly as a death sentence. Killings by means of phenol injections , sometimes fatal series of medical tests, and unnecessary operations for exercise purposes were carried out in the barracks of the infirmary. After the murder of prisoners, the camp and SS on-site doctor issued death certificates with a natural cause of death. He ordered the immediate cremation of the dead, which was initially carried out in a crematorium outside the camp, and only in later years in the camp's own crematorium. For SS personnel, the camp doctor was also the local site doctor.
| Surname | function | Place of use | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Max Popiersch | Site doctor | Auschwitz concentration camp | June 1940 to October 1941 |
| Oskar Dienstbach | Site doctor | Auschwitz concentration camp | September 30, 1941 to March 2, 1942 |
| Siegfried Schwela | Site doctor | Auschwitz concentration camp | March 21 to May 10, 1942 |
| Franz von Bodmann | Site doctor | Auschwitz concentration camp | May to August 16, 1942 |
| Kurt Uhlenbroock | Site doctor | Auschwitz concentration camp | August 17 to September 1, 1942 |
| Eduard Wirths | Site doctor | Auschwitz concentration camp | September 1, 1942 to January 18, 1945 |
Other staff in the Sanitary Department in Auschwitz: Josef Klehr , Emil Hantl , Herbert Scherpe , Gerhard Neubert , Ferdinand Brauner , Eduard Jambor , Friedrich Ontl , Anton Wilhelmy , Martin Wilks
Department VI: Culture Department
The cultural department was responsible for looking after the troops. Training evenings and film screenings should shape the worldview of the warehouse staff.
| Surname | function | Place of use | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kurt Knittel | Head of Culture Department | Auschwitz concentration camp | Autumn 1941 to January 1945 |
Department VII: SS-Totenkopfsturmbann KL Auschwitz
The troops formed the actual guards of the concentration camp. The guard company was responsible for the external security of the concentration camp, and was partly also deployed inside the concentration camp. In the main camp of Auschwitz I were the 1st - 4th SS Totenkopfwachkompanie and 2 staff units, in Auschwitz II (Birkenau) there were the 6th - 8th SS Totenkopfwachkompanie and a staff unit as well as the dog squadron , in Auschwitz III (Monowitz) the 5th and the Buna SS Totenkopfwachkompanie were stationed.
| Surname | function | Place of use | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Max Gebhardt | Site Commander | Auschwitz concentration camp | until 1942 |
| Friedrich Hartjenstein | Site Commander | Auschwitz concentration camp | 1942 to November 1943 |
| Arthur Liebehenschel | Site elder | Auschwitz concentration camp | November 1943 to May 1944 |
| Rudolf Höss | Site elder | Auschwitz concentration camp | May to July 1944 |
| Richard Baer | Site elder | Auschwitz concentration camp | July 1944 to January 1945 |
Central construction management of the Waffen SS and police
| Surname | function | Place of use | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| August Schlachter | construction manager | Auschwitz concentration camp | May 1940 to November 1941 |
| Karl Bischoff | construction manager | Auschwitz concentration camp | December 1941 to October 1943, Bischoff also took over the special construction management in Birkenau from October to November 1941 |
| Werner Jothann | construction manager | Auschwitz concentration camp | November 1943 to January 1945, previously deputy site manager from April 1943 |
| Walter Dejaco | deputy construction manager | Auschwitz concentration camp | 1943/44 |
| Josef Janisch | construction manager | Auschwitz II concentration camp (Birkenau) | 1941– |
| Fritz Ertl | construction manager | Auschwitz II concentration camp (Birkenau) | December 1941 to January 1943, previously employed in the construction management at Auschwitz concentration camp since May 1940 |
Management of the crematoria
| Surname | function | Place of use | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Walter Quakernack | Head of crematoria | Auschwitz I concentration camp (main camp) Auschwitz concentration camp | from 1941 |
| Peter Voss | Head of crematoria | Auschwitz II (Birkenau) concentration camp Auschwitz | Mid-1943 to May 1944 |
| Otto Moll | Head of crematoria | Auschwitz II (Birkenau) concentration camp Auschwitz | May to September 1944 |
| Erich Mußfeldt | Head of crematoria | Auschwitz II (Birkenau) concentration camp Auschwitz | August 1944 to January 1945 |
Farms
| Surname | function | Place of use | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joachim Caesar | Head of farms | Auschwitz concentration camp ( Rajsko ) | March 1942 to January 1945 |
Site veterinary
| Surname | function | Place of use | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Armand Lagermann | Site veterinary | Agriculture of the Auschwitz concentration camp | Mid-June 1940 to March 2, 1943 |
| Friedrich Turek | Site veterinary | Agriculture of the Auschwitz concentration camp | March 1943 to August 15, 1944 |
| Ludwig Boehne | Site veterinary | Agriculture of the Auschwitz concentration camp | August 15, 1944 to January 18, 1945 |
SS doctors and medics
| Surname | function | Place of use | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Friedrich Entress | Camp doctor | Auschwitz III (Monowitz) | December 1941 to October 1943 |
| Fritz Klein | Camp doctor | Auschwitz II (Birkenau) women's camp, gypsy camp , Theresienstadt family camp | December 1943 to December 1944 |
| Horst Fischer | Camp doctor | Auschwitz concentration camp and Auschwitz III (Monowitz) | November 1942 to January 1945 |
| Heinz Thilo | Camp doctor | Auschwitz and Auschwitz II concentration camps (Birkenau) | July 1942 to October 1944 |
| Bruno Kitt | Camp doctor | Auschwitz II (Birkenau), u. a. Chief physician of the women's prisoner infirmary | June 1942 to January 1945 |
| Erwin von Helmersen | Camp doctor | Auschwitz concentration camp | August to December 1943 |
| Werner Rohde | Camp doctor | Auschwitz concentration camp | 1942 to 1944 |
| Hellmuth cousin | Camp doctor | Auschwitz concentration camp | October 1942 to 1944 |
| Georg Franz Meyer | Camp doctor | Auschwitz concentration camp | 1942 to 1943 |
| Horst Schumann | Camp doctor - head of x-ray castration | Auschwitz concentration camp | Autumn 1942 to summer 1944 |
| Victor Capesius | Warehouse pharmacist | Auschwitz concentration camp | February 1944 to January 1945 |
| Adolf Krömer | Warehouse pharmacist | Auschwitz concentration camp | until February 1944 |
| Johann Paul Kremer | Camp doctor | Auschwitz concentration camp | August to November 1942 |
| Willy Frank | first second dentist, then senior dentist | Auschwitz concentration camp | February 1943 to August 1944 |
| Elimar Precht | senior dentist | Auschwitz concentration camp | July 1944 to January 1945 |
| Willi sweetheart | 2. Dentist | Auschwitz concentration camp | January to autumn 1944 |
| Erich Sautter | Camp doctor - dental station of the SS Revier | Auschwitz concentration camp | until October 1942 |
| Josef Mengele | Camp doctor gypsy camp, prisoner infirmary of the men's camp, SS hospital, pseudo-medical experiments on prisoners | Auschwitz II (Birkenau) | May 1943 to January 1945 |
| Carl Clauberg | Gynecologist, cruel sterilization attempts on female prisoners | Auschwitz concentration camp | December 1942 to January 1945 |
| Bruno Weber | Bacteriologist, head of the Waffen-SS Institute for Hygiene | Auschwitz concentration camp (Rajsko) | May 1943 to January 1945 |
| Hans Münch | Bacteriologist at the Waffen-SS Institute for Hygiene | Auschwitz concentration camp (Rajsko) | June 1943 to January 1945 |
| Hans Delmotte | Doctor at the Waffen-SS Institute for Hygiene | Auschwitz concentration camp (Rajsko) | |
| Hans Wilhelm King | Camp doctor | Auschwitz concentration camp | 1942 to 1944 |
| Franz Lucas | Camp doctor | Auschwitz I (main camp) and Auschwitz II (Birkenau) | December 1943 to late summer 1944 |
| Heinrich Plaza | pathologist | Auschwitz concentration camp | |
| Alfred Trzebinski | Camp doctor | Auschwitz concentration camp | July 1941 to October 1941 |
| Emil Kashub | Wehrmacht doctor | Auschwitz I (main camp), phlegmon , yellow fever and burn wounds experiments | August to October 1944 |
The post-war trials
The largest part of the guards were members of the SS-Totenkopfverband . In the post-war period there were a number of judicial proceedings against them, as well as against the SS leaders and other camp personnel, in particular the camp doctors but also some prison functionaries in Czechoslovakia , Austria and Poland, the Netherlands, Israel and the GDR and in Germany. The following trials took place in Germany, which were initially conducted by the Allied military courts:
- 1945: Bergen-Belsen trial
- The first Bergen-Belsen trial before a British military court in Lüneburg against the SS leaders of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp from September 17 to November 17, 1945 also concerned crimes committed in the Auschwitz concentration camp. Since some of the accused had previously worked in the Auschwitz concentration camp, the indictment was extended to include the crimes in the Auschwitz concentration camp in addition to the trial of the crimes in Bergen-Belsen. Therefore, this process can also be called a first Auschwitz trial.
- In the Nuremberg trials , among other things, the so-called Auschwitz protocols (Vrba-Wetzler report) were presented.
- 1947: The Höss trial (March 11-29, 1947) in Warsaw against the former SS commander Rudolf Höss before the National Supreme Court (pl. NTN)
- 1947: Auschwitz trial in Kraków
- 1947–1948: IG Farben Trial
- 1961: Eichmann trial , Jerusalem (Eichmann was not a member of the SS camp personnel at Auschwitz)
- 1963–1968: Six German trials, the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials (1963/1965 the 1st and 1965/1966 the 2nd Auschwitz Trials and 4 subsequent trials in the 1970s)
- 1948–1959: Austrian proceedings, People's Court
Later:
- 2015: Trial in Lüneburg against Oskar Gröning , the so-called "Accountant of Auschwitz". ( There had been a legal reassessment of complicity in mass murder since the 2011 trial of John Demjanjuk .)
- 2016: trial before the District Court of Detmold against the former SS guard Reinhold Hanning (because of Hanning defender revision had appealed against the verdict,, Hanning took death in 2017, the dismissal of proceedings after itself, so that the judgment is not legally was)
See also
- Central office of the state justice administrations for the investigation of National Socialist crimes , Ludwigsburg (D)
literature
- Wacław Długoborski , Franciszek Piper (eds.): Auschwitz 1940–1945. Studies on the history of the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp. Verlag Staatliches Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau, Oswiecim 1999, 5 volumes: I. Construction and structure of the camp. II. The prisoners - conditions of existence, work and death. III. Destruction. IV. Resistance. V. Epilog. ISBN 83-85047-76-X .
- Karin Orth : The concentration camp SS. dtv, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-423-34085-1 .
- Karin Orth: The system of the National Socialist concentration camps. Pendo Verlag, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-85842-450-1 .
- Ernst Klee : Auschwitz. Perpetrators, accomplices, victims and what became of them. A dictionary of persons . S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2013, ISBN 978-3-10-039333-3 .
- Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (ed.): Auschwitz in the eyes of the SS. Oswiecim 1998, ISBN 83-85047-35-2 .
- Hermann Langbein : People in Auschwitz. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin Vienna, Ullstein-Verlag, 1980, ISBN 3-548-33014-2 .
- Thomas Grotum: The digital archive - construction and evaluation of a database on the history of the Auschwitz concentration camp. Campus, ISBN 3-593-37481-1 .
- Norbert Frei u. a .: Representations and sources on the history of Auschwitz. Volume 1: Location and headquarters orders of the Auschwitz concentration camp 1940–1945. Saur Verlag, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-598-24030-9 .
Web links
- Organizational structure of the Auschwitz concentration camp (PDF; 970 kB)
- Regarding the Austrian proceedings: Nachkriegsjustiz.at
Individual evidence
- ↑ editorial Preface , accessed on 2 February 2017th
- ↑ IPN publikuje nazwiska esesmanów for Auschwitz . In: Dziennik , January 30, 2017, accessed February 2, 2017 (Polish).
- ↑ Załoga SS KL Auschwitz ( Memento of the original from February 2, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Polish, German, English).
- ↑ a b Norbert Frei u. a .: Representations and sources on the history of Auschwitz , Volume 1: Location and command office orders of the Auschwitz concentration camp 1940–1945 , Munich 2000, introduction
- ↑ Karin Orth: The system of the National Socialist concentration camps. , Hamburg 2002, p. 256f.
- ↑ Karin Orth: The Concentration Camp SS , Munich 2004, p. 247.
- ↑ Martin Broszat (Ed.): Kommandant in Auschwitz , Munich 1963, p. 91. Footnote: Entry in Rudolf Höß 'personal file.
- ↑ Reinhard Tenhumberg: Fries Jakob. (No longer available online.) In: Internet site of the Tenhumberg family. Archived from the original on November 4, 2017 ; accessed on April 12, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
