Vasily Mikhailovich Golownin
Vasily Golovnin ( Russian Василий Михайлович Головнин , scientific. Transliteration Vasilij Michajlovič Golovnin ; April 8 * . Jul / 19th April 1776 greg. In Gulynki , Ryazan Governorate ; † June 29 jul. / 11. July 1831 greg. In Sankt Petersburg ) was an officer in the Russian Navy and a scientist .
He finished the naval officer school in 1792 and then served on various Russian warships and from 1801 to 1805 for study purposes in the British Navy . In 1805 and 1806, Golownin compiled the National Signal Book of Russia.
In 1807 he was appointed commander of the barque Diana and head of a research expedition to the Pacific , the coasts of northeast Asia and northwest America. When he was mapping the Kuril Islands , he was lured to the island of Kunashir and arrested in July 1811 with 6 other expedition members and a Kuril translator because of the devastation that Nikolai Petrovich Rezanov had wrought on Sakhalin due to failed negotiations with the Tokugawa shogunate . Lieutenant captain, who had stayed on board the Diana, then arrested the influential Hokkaidō dealer Takataya Kahei (高田 屋 嘉 兵衛; 1769-1827) and achieved with his help that the Russians were released in 1813 after long negotiations.
After his return to Russia he undertook a circumnavigation of the world with the frigate Kamchatka from 1817 to 1819 . During this trip, Golownin was appointed a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Petersburg in 1818 . Among others, Unterleutnant Friedrich Benjamin von Lütke ( polar researcher and later President of the Russian Academy of Sciences) and Unterleutnant Ferdinand von Wrangel took part in this trip .
On his return he was appointed deputy commander of the naval officers' school in 1821 and general manager of the Russian fleet in 1823 . He made great contributions to the expansion of the Russian fleet. For his services, Golownin was made Vice Admiral in 1830 .
Three geographical objects are named after Golownin, as well as the Golownin Strait in the Kuril Islands and a bay ( Golownin Bay ) in the Bering Sea , as well as the strait between the Kuril Islands Raikoke and Matua , a cape in North America and a mountain on the island of Novaya Zemlya , east of Matochkin -Schar.
Golownin wrote several books, including a book with the simple title In Captivity with the Japanese from 1811 to 1813 , which was translated into several languages. He was made an honorary member of Kharkov University while still alive .
Vasily Michailowitsch Golownin died in Saint Petersburg in 1831.
Works
- Incidents of the captain of the Russian imperial navy Golownin in captivity with the Japanese in the years 1811, 1812 and 1813 together with his remarks about the Japanese empire and people and an appendix by the captain Rikord . two volumes, Verlag Gerhard Fleischer the Younger, Leipzig 1817–1818
literature
- S. Noma (Eds.): Golovnin, Vasilii Mikhaailovich . In: Japan. An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Kodansha, 1993, ISBN 4-06-205938-X , p. 465.
Web links
- Article Wassili Michailowitsch Golownin in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- Literature by and about Wassili Michailowitsch Golownin in the catalog of the German National Library
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Golownin, Vasily Michailowitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Головнин, Василий Михайлович; Golovnin, Vasilij Michajlovič |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian naval officer and scientist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 19, 1776 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Gulynki , Ryazan Governorate |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 11, 1831 |
| Place of death | St. Petersburg |