Impressed by the achievements of the Belarusian hammer thrower Mikhail Krivonossow , Vasily Rudenkow only started throwing the hammer at the age of 21, while he was also working as a railroad worker. In 1957 he went to Moscow to train more intensively. In 1960 he qualified for participation in the Olympic Games in Rome , where he set a new Olympic record with a width of 67.10 m in the final and thus secured the gold medal ahead of the Hungarian Gyula Zsivótzky and thus the first gold medal won for the Soviet Union in this discipline. In 1962 he took part in the European Championships in Belgrade , where he finished sixth, which was disappointing for him, with a throw of 63.94 m. He continued his career until 1968 and then worked as an athletic trainer. He died on November 2, 1982 at the age of only 51 in his hometown of Schlobin.
From 1959 to 1961 Rudenkow was the Soviet hammer throw champion.