Alternating colored yolk blubber

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Alternating colored yolk blubber
2012-06-15 Russula risigallina (Batsch) Saccardo 228083.jpg

Alternately colored yolk blubber ( Russula risigallina )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Alternating colored yolk blubber
Scientific name
Russula risigallina
( Batsch ) Sacc.

The Alternating-Colored Täubling or Alternating-Colored Dotter-Täubling ( Russula risigallina ) is a quite small and fragile Täubling from the family of the Täubling relatives .

features

Macroscopic features

The hat of the interchangeable yolk blubber is 3–6, sometimes up to 8 cm wide and more or less fleshy. When young, the hat is convex, later flattened or depressed and often colored entirely gold or egg yolk. But it can also be pink, apricot-colored, pale orange to brick-red, or have a yellowish center with a flesh-reddish or slightly purple-red edge. The edge is rounded and long smooth. The hat skin is dull and matt and at least halfway peelable. Under the hat skin, the hat meat is pure white.

The lamellae remain pale for a long time, are then bright yellow to light ocher in color and more or less orange-yellow when ripe. The lamellae are thin, flat, slightly forked and attached to the stem or almost free.

The cylindrical or slightly club-shaped stem is relatively thin, about 0.6–1 cm wide and 5–8 cm high. It is stuffed spongy and soon becomes hollow. He is very fragile. Its pure white color stands in striking contrast to the yellow colored slats. In rare cases it can also be tinged with pink. The meat is white and tender and tastes pleasantly mild. Young fruit bodies have little or no odor, while ripe and overgrown specimens have a distinctly fruity odor of apricots or mirabelle plums. The spore powder is yolk yellow to yellow-orange.

Microscopic features

The ovoid to elliptical spores are 7.5–9 µm long and 6–8 µm wide. They are covered with up to 1 µm high, mostly isolated, coarse warty to prickly warts, which are seldom connected by fine lines. Pileocystidia are absent in the cap skin , encrusted primordial hyphae occur in it, the heavily encrusted hyphae are more or less clearly stained in fuchsine . The hyphae cells are often club-shaped or head-shaped.

Species delimitation

The glossy yellow yolk deafbling ( Russula acetolens ) is very similar with a uniform lemon or yolk yellow, glossy hat and, with age, a vinegar odor. Also similar is the closely related green discolouring blubber ( Russula postiana ), which has a more greenish to olive-colored hat. A spicy-tasting doppelganger is the sun-deafling ( Russula solaris ). He is also yellow-hatched, small and fragile.

ecology

Like all deafnesses, the alternating yolk deafness is also a mycorrhizal producer. Its preferred host is the European beech . In addition, it can also enter into a symbiosis with oak , hornbeam and occasionally with linden and birch . Its ecological demands roughly correspond to those of the European beech, its main symbiotic partner. Therefore this deafbling occurs equally in loamy, slightly alkaline to slightly acidic woodruff beech forests , in nutrient-rich, mostly calcareous barley beech forests and in montane, fir-rich beech forests. It can also be found in shallow to medium-sized, fresh to alternately dry orchid beech forests on limestone soil and in acidic beech forests on sand, sandstone or slate soils. It can also be found in oak-hornbeam forests, especially in the warm, dry wood-cabbage-oak-hornbeam forest (Galio sylvatici-Carpinetum), often on heavy clay soils or in moist or humid star chickweed oak-hornbeam forests (Stellario holosteae-Carpinetum betuli), in heat-loving mixed oak forests, acidic mixed oak forests or in riparian forests. In addition, the fungus can occasionally be found in forest clearings and in parks.

The alternately colored yolk-horned blubber tolerates almost all soils. It occurs on loam or clay, limestone, sand, silicate or brown earth soils and tolerates both acidic and basic pH values. The fruiting bodies appear from June to October, rarely earlier or later. The species is preferred in the hills and mountains, but is also found in the lowlands.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the alternating yolk-horned blubber.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The alternately colored yolk bling is a holarctic species that is widespread in the temperate zone and penetrates into the subarctic zone. The fungus is therefore found in North Asia (Caucasus, Siberia, Russia-Far East, Mongolia and Kamchatka), in North America (USA, Canada, Mexico) and Greenland, in North Africa (Morocco) and probably all over Europe. In the south it is distributed from Spain to Romania, in the west from France via the Benelux countries and Great Britain to the Hebrides, in the north it is distributed throughout Fennoscandinavia and in the east to Belarus and Russia.

    In Germany, the fungus is widespread from the coast to the Alps.

    Systematics

    Inquiry systematics

    The alternating yolk-blubber is placed by M. Bon in the subsection Chamaeleontinae , a subsection of the section Lilaceae (Incrustatae). The subsection contains mild deafblings with yellow spore powder and mostly velvety hat skin. Under the microscope, encrusted primordial hyphae and hyphae end cells with more or less clubbed or capped hyphae can be seen. Closely related species are Russula acetolens , the shiny yellow yolk-deaf , which some authors consider only a variety of the alternating-colored yolk- deaf , and Russula postiana , the olive-green yolk-deaf .

    Synonyms

    Russula vitellina and Russula chamaeleontina are common synonyms of the alternating yolk blubber. Under the synonym Russula vitellina more dull yellow-capped, mostly pale forms with isolated warty spores were summarized. Under the synonym Russula chamaeleontina more reddish, orange or red-yellow zoned forms were combined. Most forms of Russula lutea with a purely lemon to chrome yellow hat are also forms of the alternating yolk blubber. Also Russula puellaris var. Minutalis (Britz.) Sing is a synonym for a form with dirty flesh-colored, reddish Hutmitte and white border.

    Subspecies and varieties

    Table with the most important forms of the interchangeable yolk blubber
    variety author description
    Russula risigallina f. luteorosella (Britz.) Bon Hat usually two-colored, pink on the outside and yellow in the middle. Dying fruit bodies usually have a very strong smell.
    Russula risigallina f. roseipes (J Schaef.) Bon The stem is more or less tinged with pink. The hat can be more colorful or marbled, not two-colored (not to be confused with Russula roseipes , which is much more robust and also differs anatomically in other ways).
    Russula risigallina f. bicolor (Mlz. & Zv.) Receipt The hat is completely white or slightly faded pink to cream in color. The smell is faint.
    Russula risigallina f. chamaeleontina (Fr.) Receipt Form with a strikingly colored hat. The colors range from yellow to red with some greenish, rarely also faint purple-purple tones.
    Russula risigallina f. Montana (Sing.) Bon Hat with greenish or olive hues. The shape is probably synonymous with Russula postiana

    meaning

    As a mild-tasting Täubling, the alternating color yolk-Täubling is edible and also quite tasty, but due to its delicate and fragile fruiting bodies it is hardly worth collecting.

    literature

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Russula risigallina. In: Index Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved May 3, 2012 .
    2. ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 60 .
    3. ^ A b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 471.
    4. ↑ a b Roger Phillips: Russula risigallina. (No longer available online.) In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, archived from the original on January 5, 2009 ; accessed on May 3, 2012 .
    5. ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula risigallina. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 29, 2012 .
    6. ↑ Belgian List 2012 -Russula risigallina. Retrieved September 29, 2012 .
    7. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online (PDF; 592 kB) [accessed on August 31, 2011]).
    8. ↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 295 ( cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed August 31, 2011]). cybertruffle.org.uk ( Memento from December 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
    9. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula risigallina. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
    10. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula risigallina. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / data.gbif.org  
    11. ↑ Elias Polemis et al .: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: 5. (PDF; 330 kB) Basidiomycetes associated with woods dominated by Castanea sativa (Nafpactia Mts., Central Greece). In: Mycotaxon 115 / mycotaxon.com. 2008, p. 16 ff , accessed on August 22, 2011 .
    12. ↑ Russula risigallina in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
    13. ^ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula risigallina. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved September 29, 2012 .
    14. ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 29, 2012 .
    15. ↑ Description of Russula puellaris var. Minutalis in Singer "Monograph of the genus Russula"; published in "Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt", editor A. Pascher (1932) p. 273 and p. 274.
    16. ↑ Russula risigallina f. chamaeleontina at www.mycobank.org
    17. ↑ Russula risigallina. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved May 3, 2012 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
    18. ↑ Westfälische Mushroom Letters: Mushrooms all around www.pilzbriefe.de/pilze_rundum (Description of Russula lutea No. 259 on page 190; PDF; 6.4 MB)

    Web links

    Commons : Alternating-colored Yolk-Täubling ( Russula risigallina )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files