White Chin Olive Tyrant

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White Chin Olive Tyrant
White-chin olive tyrant (Elaenia martinica)

White-chin olive tyrant ( Elaenia martinica )

Systematics
Subordination : Screeching Birds (Tyranni)
Family : Tyrants (Tyrannidae)
Subfamily : Elaeniinae
Tribe : Elaeniini
Genre : Elaenia
Type : White Chin Olive Tyrant
Scientific name
Elaenia martinica
( Linnaeus , 1766)

The white-cheeked olive tyrant ( Elaenia martinica ) is a species of bird in the tyrant family . The species officially described scientifically for the first time in 1766 by the Swedish naturalist Carl von Linné is widespread on the West Indies and partly on the east coast of Central America , where it inhabits a number of different habitats.

Description and behavior

The birds can reach a size of 15.5 to 18 cm when fully grown. The plumage is predominantly brownish-olive in color, the throat and the lower abdomen are yellowish-white in color, while the breast turns a pale gray. The flight feathers have a characteristic white banding, which can be used to identify the species. On the head there is a little pronounced hood , which is presented when aroused.

The call of the white -cheeked olive tyrant is described as a repetitive juip-up followed by wit-churr . The song ends in a drawn out pee-wee-reereeree . In addition to fruits and berries, small insects are also accepted as food; when foraging for food, the birds can usually be found in pairs. The average life expectancy is around 4.6 years. In its entire range, the species is considered a resident bird .

Spread and endangerment

The white-chin olive tyrant is a common resident of a number of islands in the Caribbean, including the Virgin Islands , Puerto Ricos , the Cayman Islands and various islands in the Lesser Antilles . The species is rarer on the islands off the east coast of Central America. The birds are not picky about their habitat; in addition to forests, dry bushland or mangroves , areas that have been changed by humans such as parks and gardens are populated up to a height of 700 meters. The IUCN is from the white chin-Olivtyranns with stand 2017 of less than 50,000 live specimens. Although the current population trend is unknown, the organization does not see any serious threats to the conservation of the species and therefore classifies it as not endangered (status least concern ).

Description history

A first description of the species according to scientific methods was made in 1760 by the French zoologist Mathurin-Jacques Brisson in his work Ornithology under the French name "Le gobe-mouche hupé de la Martinique" and the Latin name Muscicapa martinicana cristata . However, the name did not correspond to the current nomenclature , which is why it was not recognized by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature . Carl von Linné, who described the white-chinned olive tyrant in his Systema Naturæ in 1766 under the name Muscicapa martinica , is therefore officially the first to describe the species. Today the white-chinned olive tyrant is placed in the genus Elaenia , which was created in 1836 by the Swedish zoologist Carl Jakob Sundevall has been described.

Internal system

In addition to the nominate form E. m. martinica , six other subspecies are currently considered valid:

literature

  • Herbert Raffaele, James Wiley, Orlando Garrido, Allan Keith, Janis Raffaele: Birds of the West Indies . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ / Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-691-11319-X , pp. 122 .

Web links

Commons : White Chined Olive Tyrant ( Elaenia martinica )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Caribbean Elaenia Elaenia martinica. In: cornell.edu. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, accessed October 31, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b c Elaenia martinica (amended version of 2017 assessment). In: iucnredlist.org. BirdLife International, 2017, accessed October 31, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Mathurin-Jacques Brisson: Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés . Paris 1760, p. 362-363 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  4. ↑ Joel Asaph Allen: Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 28 , 1910, pp. 317-335 .
  5. ↑ Carl Jakob Sundevall: Elaenia . In: Kungl. Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar . tape 3 , no. 28 , 1836, pp. 89 .
  6. ↑ Tyrant flycatchers. In: worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved October 23, 2019 .