Anguilla

This article covers the British overseas territory of Anguilla, for further meanings see Anguilla (disambiguation) .

Anguilla
flag coat of arms
Motto : Each Endeavoring, All Achieving ( English "If everyone tries hard, everyone is successful" )
Official language	English
Capital	The Valley
Form of government	British overseas territory
Head of state	Queen Elizabeth II represented by Governor Tim Foy
Head of government	Chief Minister Victor Banks
surface	96 km²
population	13,572 (2011 census)
Population density	141 inhabitants per km²
gross domestic product Total (nominal) GDP / inh. (nom.)	2011 $ 292.85 million $ 22,463
currency	East Caribbean Dollar (XCD)
National anthem	God bless Anguilla
Time zone	UTC − 4
ISO 3166	AI , AIA, 660
Internet TLD	.ai
Telephone code	+1 (264) see NANP

Anguilla is one of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean . Together with several small, uninhabited coral islands, Anguilla forms an overseas territory of the United Kingdom (British Overseas Territory Anguilla). The island owes its current name, derived from the Italian word anguilla for "eel", to the previously used alternative name Snake Island and the name Malliouhana, which means "arrow-shaped sea snake", which was once used by the Arawak , thanks to its elongated shape .

geography

The main island of Anguilla is a relatively flat island made up of corals and limestone . The highest point at 65  m is Crocus Hill. The island extends in a south-west-north-east direction over a length of about 25 km, the maximum width is only about 5 km.

To the south is the island of St. Martin , to the west are the Virgin Islands almost 200 km away and Puerto Rico about 300 km away .

The climate is tropical , tempered by easterly winds. With hurricanes and other tropical storms can be expected from July to October. The supply of drinking water cannot always keep pace with the rapidly increasing demand.

The area of ​​the main island is almost 91 km². The largest minor islands are Scrub Island in the northeast with 3.48 km² and Dog Island with 2.07 km² northwest of Anguilla. There are also over 20 small islets and cays and the island of Sombrero, 55 km to the northwest .

Islands

 Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap

Incomplete list of the islands of Anguilla:

Island name	Alias	Coordinates	Area (km²)	Residents	annotation
Anguilla		18 ° 13 ′  N , 063 ° 04 ′  W.	91	13,600	Main island
Anguillita		18 ° 09 ′  N , 063 ° 11 ′  W.	0.03	-
Blowing rock		18 ° 09 ′  N , 063 ° 10 ′  W.	...	-
Deadman's Cay		18 ° 18 ′  N , 062 ° 56 ′  W.	...	-
Dog Island		18 ° 17 ′  N , 063 ° 15 ′  W.	2.07	-
East Cay		18 ° 17 ′  N , 063 ° 14 ′  W.	...	-
Little Scrub Island		18 ° 18 ′  N , 062 ° 57 ′  W.	...	-
Mid Cay		18 ° 17 ′  N , 063 ° 16 ′  W.	...	-
Prickly Pear Cays	Prickley Pear Cays	18 ° 16 ′  N , 063 ° 11 ′  W.	...	-	Archipelago, three sand islands
Sandy Island		18 ° 13 ′  N , 063 ° 07 ′  W.	...	-
Scilly Cay		18 ° 16 ′  N , 063 ° 00 ′  W.	...	-
Scrub Island		18 ° 17 ′  N , 062 ° 57 ′  W.	3.48	-
Seal Island	Sail Island	18 ° 16 ′  N , 063 ° 09 ′  W.	...	-
sombrero		18 ° 35 ′  N , 063 ° 26 ′  W.	0.38	-
West Cay		18 ° 17 ′  N , 063 ° 17 ′  W.	...	-

Others

The overseas territory has an area of ​​just over 96 km².

population

Most of the population is black and colored. Anguilla has about 13,600 inhabitants (as of 2011). The largest settlement is South Hill with almost 1700 inhabitants.

religion

Nominal members of religious communities (2011, estimated):

• 73.2% Protestants , including
  • 22.7% Anglicans
  • 19.4% Methodists
  • 10.5% Pentecostal movement
  • 8.3% Seventh-day Adventists
  • 7.1% Baptists
  • 4.9% Church of God
• 6.8% Catholics
• 1.1% Jehovah's Witnesses
• 10.9% other Christians
• 3.2% other religions
• 4.5% no religion.

history

Cave drawings and archaeological finds show that the Arawak have been on the island for several millennia .

During the colonial period the island was sighted on Columbus' second trip , but it was not actually colonized until 1650 by the British coming from Saint Christopher - the Irish in particular settled here. The French tried briefly to take Anguilla; but this did not succeed. The island was administered directly by Great Britain as a British colony until the 19th century , until in 1825 Anguilla was merged with St. Kitts and Nevis into a unit administered from St. Christopher in a restructuring process . Since the inhabitants of Anguilla saw the needs of their island at a disadvantage, they asked unsuccessful petitions in 1872 and again in 1958 to be separated from this unit.

In the same year (1958) St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla became one of the provinces of the short-lived West Indian Federation . When this was dissolved again in 1962, Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla became an Associated State, a state associated with Great Britain. In the spring of 1967, the dissatisfaction of the residents of Anguilla with this situation vented: The police officers on duty in Anguilla, deployed from St. Christopher, were expelled from the island and a referendum was held in which it was decided to leave the association. When this did not lead to the desired success - Anguilla was placed under direct British administration - it declared itself independent of Great Britain in 1969 through the initiative of the Austrian economist Leopold Kohr and a group of supporters. This was not recognized by Great Britain; instead, it sent troops to Anguilla - who were greeted with joy.

In the ensuing negotiations, Anguilla was finally promised future secession in the Anguilla Act of 1971 ; but it took until December 19, 1980 for the Anguilla Act of 1980 to enforce this formally. Anguilla received the status of a British Dependent Territory, a British overseas territory whose international relations the United Kingdom is responsible for. The 1982 constitution established the current political structure. The territory has been on the UN list of sovereign territories without self-government since 1946 .

Since Brexit , the voices for an exit from the UK have been louder.

politics

Anguilla is a non- sovereign British overseas territory with internal autonomy . Anguilla is also an associate member of the Caribbean Community and a member of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean Nations . It is one of the sponsors of the University of the West Indies .

The governor's responsibility as the representative of the British Crown extends above all to questions of defense, foreign and international financial policy and internal security (including the police). The governor is installed by the British monarch, currently Elizabeth II .

Anguilla's autonomous government is the Executive Council, consisting of the head of government ( Chief Minister ), a maximum of three other ministers and, qua office , the Deputy Governor and the Attorney General .

At least every five years the voting age population of Anguilla elect a parliament (House of Assembly), the next seven elected members, two nominated by the governor members and, ex officio, the Deputy Governor (Deputy Governor) and the Attorney General (Attorney General) belong.

Anguilla is divided into 14 districts .

economy

Anguilla south coast

Anguilla has few natural resources. The economy is mainly based on tourism and financial services . The money transfers made by the numerous emigrants to their former homeland are also important. Formerly important branches of the economy such as salt production and lobster fishing now only contribute to a subordinate extent to the gross domestic product .

The economic development in the last decades was mainly based on the expansion of tourism, especially in the luxury segment. In the medium term, too, the island government is relying on sustainable further development of tourism. In 2016, the tourism sector's direct contribution to Anguilla's GDP was 19.2%; the total contribution, which also takes into account the effects of tourism on other economic sectors, was 56.6% of the island's total economic output in the same year.

The one-sided focus on tourism means that economic development is heavily dependent on the economy in Europe and the USA. From 2003 to 2007 Anguilla's economy, fueled in particular by the construction sector stimulated by foreign direct investment in the tourism sector, experienced an unprecedented upswing with real annual growth rates of up to 17.3%, only to fall into a sharp recession as a result of the global financial crisis (with a GDP decline of 16.5% in 2009). Another economic risk is the threat of hurricanes , the destruction of which hits the tourism sector, which is sensitive to disasters, particularly hard. In particular, Hurricanes Luis in 1995 and Lenny in 1999 had a noticeable impact on the Anguilla economy.

In order to alleviate the dependence on tourism, Anguilla has established itself like numerous other Caribbean countries as an offshore financial center , especially as a location for self-insurers (captive insurance companies). The financial sector now generates around a quarter of the island's economic output.

The nominal gross domestic product in 2011 was around 293 million US dollars. The foreign trade balance is very negative; In 2016, imports of US $ 63.2 million were compared to exports of just US $ 12.4 million. The current account is also chronically negative. For 2016, the shortfall was estimated at US $ 25.3 million.

Since about 2018 has been for Anguilla, the Internet registry of company names ending in "ai", which here as an abbreviation for artificial intelligence (= artificial intelligence can be interpreted), proved to be a significant contribution to the administrative budget.

The currency is the East Caribbean dollar (EC $), which is tied to the US dollar at an exchange rate of US $ 1 = EC $ 2.70 , which is also widely accepted as a second currency.

Infrastructure

The road network is 175 km long, 82 km of which are paved (as of 2004). The island has two harbors: Blowing Point and Road Bay.

South of the capital is the Airport Clayton J. Lloyd International Airport (ICAO: TQPF; IATA: AXA), by 2010 Anguilla Wallblake Airport called.

From the Blowing Point ferry terminal there is a passenger ferry to Marigot on St. Martin every 45 minutes .

In addition, since 1996 Anguilla has had a broadcasting station for international radio called “Caribbean Beacon”. Religious programs of the US American "University Network" and "Dr." are broadcast locally on VHF and internationally on two medium and two shortwave frequencies. Gene Scott ". The short-wave transmitters can often be received in good quality in Europe, while the medium-wave is occasionally heard by reception specialists in the winter months.

Sports

The national soccer team of Anguilla was invited to the 2006 World Cup in Bad Neustadt in Germany , although they had not qualified for the finals. She was invited as a sign of hospitality within the FIFA family, as she was the weakest team according to the official FIFA world rankings at the time of the World Cup.

In cricket , popular in the Caribbean , Anguilla is part of the West Indies and plays in the national leagues of the Leeward Islands . The only previous national player for the West Indies from Anguilla was Omari Banks .

public holidays

date	Surname	German name	Remarks
January 1st	New Years Day	New Year
March April	Good Friday and Easter Monday	Good Friday and Easter Monday
1st of May	Labor Day	Labor Day
May June	Whit Monday	Whit Monday
May	Anguilla Day	Anguilla festival
June	Celebration of the Birthday of Her Majesty the Queen	Birthday holiday of Queen Elizabeth II.
August	August Monday and August Thursday	August Monday and Thursday
August	Constitution Day	Constitution Day
19. December	Separation Day	Day of the Separation of St. Christopher and Nevis
December 25th and 26th	Christmas Day and Boxing Day	Christmas

literature

• Colville L. Petty: A handbook history of Anguilla . Anguilla Printers, Anguilla 1991 (English).

Web links

Commons : Anguilla  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Anguilla  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Wikimedia Atlas: Anguilla  - geographical and historical maps

• The Government of Anguilla. Anguilla Government website.
• Anguilla, British Caribbean. Anguilla Tourist Board website.
• The Commonwealth Yearbook 2012 - United Kingdom Country Profile (February 2, 2014 memento in the Internet Archive ). P. 9: United Kingdom: Overseas Territories - Anguilla (English).
• CIA World Factbook: Central America and Caribbean: Anguilla (English).
• The Anguilla Constitution Order 1982 ( Memento of September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) and The Anguilla Constitution (Amendment) Order 1990. Constitution of Anguilla (English).
• Markus Kappeler: Anguilla. Website of the zoologist and publicist Markus Kappeler.

Footnotes

1. ↑ ^{a b} Table 14: Selected Economic Indicators. In: National Accounts Statistics 2012. Government of Anguilla - Anguilla Statistics Department, accessed April 16, 2020 . 
2. ^ The North-American and the West-Indian gazetteer. Containing an authentic description of the colonies and islands in that part of the globe, shewing their situation, climate, soil produce, and trade; with their former and present condition. Also an exact account of the cities, towns, harbors, ports, bays, rivers, lakes, mountains, number of inhabitants, & c. George Robinson, London 1776, OCLC 1049903438 , p. ANG - ANN (English, full text in the Internet Archive ).
3. ↑ Georg Hassel , Johann Günther Friedrich Cannabich : Complete and newest description of the earth from the kingdom of Mexico, Guatemala and West India with an introduction to the statistics of these countries . In: Adam Christian Gaspari , G. Hassel, JGF Cannabich, Johann Christoph Friedrich Gutsmuths , Friedrich August Ukert (Ed.): Complete manual of the latest description of the earth . tape 18 . Publishing house of the Geographical Institute, Weimar 1824, West Indies - 6.A. The British West Indies - 3. The Leeward Islands Governorate: 6. Anguilla Island or Snake Island, Snake Island, S. 597-598 ( full text in Google Book Search).
4. ^ Anguilla History. In: gov.ai. Government of Anguilla, accessed May 23, 2020 . 
5. ^ Anguilla Facts. Size. The Government of Anguilla, accessed November 24, 2017 .  There the area of ​​Anguilla is given as "35 square miles ", without explaining whether the island of Anguilla is meant or the British Overseas Territory Anguilla (including the small minor islands).
6. ↑ Values ​​higher than 96 km² for the total area mostly result from incorrect consideration of the secondary islands, so the Commonwealth Yearbook (PDF) names an area of ​​5 km² for Sombrero instead of the correct 0.38 km².
7. ↑ Lori-Rae Alleyne-Franklin (Ed.): The Fabric of our Households. Anguilla Population and Housing Census 2011: Selected Housing and Household Indicators - Analytical Brief . 2011 Census data. Government of Anguilla - Anguilla Statistics Department, The Valley, Anguilla 2015, p. 13 , Table 4: Dwellings and Persons for Censuses 1974–2011 (English, accessible online on the website of the UN Statistics Commission [PDF; 1.9 MB ; accessed on November 24, 2017]).
8. ↑ CIA World Factbook: Religion - Anguilla , accessed November 24, 2017.
9. ↑ The fear of the overseas territories of the no-deal Brexit. dw.com, September 28, 2019, accessed June 13, 2020 . 
10. ↑ ^{a b} About Anguilla. Economic Situation Analysis. In: UNDP in Barbados & the OECS. United Nations Development Program , accessed November 24, 2017 . 
11. ↑ Deborah Cichon: British Dependencies: British Virgin Islands, Anguilla, and Montserrat . In: Sandra W. Meditz, Dennis M. Hanratty (Ed.): Islands of the Commonwealth Caribbean - a regional study (= Federal Research Division [Ed.]: Area Handbook Series . No. 550-33 ). 1st edition. Library of Congress , Washington, DC 1989, OCLC 1047506879 , Economy, p. 503–508 , here: p. 505 (English, full text in the Internet Archive ).
12. ↑ Table 4: Percentage Contribution of GVA by Economic Activity in Constant Prices. Share of economic sectors in gross domestic product. In: National Accounts Statistics 2012. Government of Anguilla - Anguilla Statistics Department, accessed November 24, 2017 . 
13. ^ Tourism Sector Development Project - Background. The Government of Anguilla, accessed November 24, 2017 . 
14. ↑ Halcrow and CHL Consulting: Sustainable Tourism Masterplan 2010–2020 - Final Report . Government of Anguilla, October 17, 2011 ( online on the Anguilla government website [PDF; 7.0 MB ; accessed on November 24, 2017]).
15. ↑ David Scowsill (Ed.): Travel & Tourism: Economic Impact 2017 - Anguilla . World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), London March 2017, 2017 Annual Research: Key Facts, p. 1 , GDP: Direct Contribution and GDP: Total Contribution (English, online [PDF; 1.5 MB ; accessed on November 24, 2017]).
16. ↑ Table 6: Rate of Growth of GVA by Economic Activity in Constant Prices. In: National Accounts Statistics 2012. Government of Anguilla - Anguilla Statistics Department, accessed November 24, 2017 . 
17. ↑ United Kingdom - Anguilla - British Overseas Territory: 2011 Article IV Consultation Discussions; IMF Country Report 12/08 . International Monetary Fund report on the economic situation in Anguilla. International Monetary Fund (IMF), Washington, DC November 15, 2011 (English, online [PDF; 847 kB ; accessed on November 24, 2017]).
18. ↑ Karl Huish, James Tehero: How Anguilla joined the global top five. In: Captive International. Newton Media Ltd, November 30, 2011, accessed November 24, 2017 . 
19. ^ Trade Map - List of products imported by Anguilla. All products - Imported value in 2016. In: Trade Map - International Trade Statistics. International Trade Center (ITC), accessed November 24, 2017.
20. ^ Trade Map - List of products exported by Anguilla. All products - Exported value in 2016. In: Trade Map - International Trade Statistics. International Trade Center (ITC), accessed November 24, 2017.
21. ↑ CIA World Factbook: Current Account Balance - Anguilla , accessed November 24, 2017.
22. ↑ Steve Lohr: Tropical Breezes, Pristine Beaches and a Domain Name to Die For. In: Online edition of the New York Times. February 4, 2020, accessed on February 18, 2020 . 
23. ↑ CIA World Factbook: Roadways - Anguilla (English), accessed November 24, 2017.
24. ^ Anguilla Tourist Board: Wallblake Airport Renamed Clayton J. Lloyd International Airport. PR Newswire, July 21, 2010, accessed November 24, 2017 . 
25. ^ Anguilla Ferry from St. Martin. In: carimar.com. Carimar Beach Club, accessed May 4, 2020 . 
26. ↑ Omari Banks. In: ESPNcricinfo. ESPN Inc., accessed January 6, 2019 . 

Coordinates: 18 ° 13 ′  N , 63 ° 3 ′  W