Wilhelm Gustav Becker

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Wilhelm Gustav Becker ( Russian Василий Васильевич Беккер ) (born November 23, 1811 in Reval (Tallinn); † March 28, 1874 in Saint Petersburg ) was a German-born Russian doctor , pharmacologist and university professor .

family

Wilhelm Gustav Becker was the second eldest son of Friedrich Wilhelm Becker (born January 4, 1773 in Oberlichtenau ; † October 21, 1847 in Kiev ) from Saxony , who worked as a teacher, later professor, for Roman literature and councilor first in the Baltic States and later in the Ukraine was drawn. His mother was Anna Margarethe Friederike Becker, born von Hueck (born July 4, 1788 in Reval ( Tallinn ), † October 30, 1847 in Kiev). A brother of Friedrich Wilhelm Becker was Christian Gottfried Becker (born September 2, 1771 in Oberlichtenau, † October 23, 1820 in Chemnitz). Christian Gottfried Becker jun. was the first major industrialist in Chemnitz and played a decisive role in the fact that Chemnitz developed into a textile center.

Friedrich Wilhelm Becker had, in addition to Wilhelm Gustav two other sons, the later classical philologist , archaeologist Paul Adam von Becker ( Russian Пауль Адам Васильевич Беккер ) (1808-1881) and the lawyer Friedrich Woldemar Adam Becker (1825-1848).

Wilhelm Gustav Becker was married to Katharina von Strocka (born May 13, 1822 in Machniwka (Kosjatyn) , † May 22, 1847 in Kiev ) and had a living son, Alfred Stanislaus von Becker (born May 20, 1847). Katharina Becker died peripartally .

Live and act

Wilhelm Gustav Becker attended the Gustav Adolf grammar school in Reval . After graduating in 1830, he entered the medical faculty at Dorpat University . He finished his studies in 1833 with a diploma as "doctor-surgeon". Then he began his doctoral thesis, which he defended in 1836. The title of his ophthalmological doctoral thesis was "De iritidis diagnosi recte constituenda" (1836). In the years 1833 to 1834 he went to Berlin for further professional training . Back in the Russian Empire, he practiced from 1837 to 1843 as a so-called apanage doctor, i.e. a doctor of the apanage administration in Alatyr in the Simbirsk governorate . As early as 1843 he was called to be an extraordinary professor for "Medical Material Science and Formulation" at the University of Kiev , an activity which he then occupied until 1845. Overlapping from 1844 to 1945, he gave lectures in theoretical surgery and ophthalmometry at the same university. For Becker, the fundamentals of ophthalmology had to be viewed from an exact mathematical or physiological side. Finally, in 1845, he was appointed full professor of pharmacology and general therapy in Kiev. He ended his teaching activity there in 1859. Further medical activities were with the year 1858 his practice as a consultant in the hospital of the "Institute for noble girls" in Kiev. To deepen his skills, he was delegated in 1858 for six months for further training abroad. As early as December 21, 1859 he retired and moved to Dresden . He lived here until 1866 and then returned to Russia. Other members of his extensive family lived in Dresden and in the Electorate of Saxony . Then, from 1867 to 1870, he became “Head of the Medical Administration of Poland” and from 1870 to 1874 “Medical Inspector of Civil Hospitals in Warsaw ” and for the same period from 1870 to 1874 he was also an advisory member of the Medical Department in the Ministry of the Interior Affairs of the Russian Empire ( Russian Министерство внутренних дел Российской империи ).

Honors, awards

In awards and honors he received a gold watch in 1840 and a diamond ring from Tsar Nicholas I (1796–1855) for services as an apanage doctor in 1840 , then in 1852 he was offered the title “Real Imperial Russian Council of State” ( Russian действительный статский советник ). This was followed in 1854 by the Order of Saint Anna 2nd Class and in 1858 by the Order of Saint Stanislav 2nd Class with the Imperial Crown.

Publications (selection)

  • De iritidis diagnosi recte constituenda. JC Schuenmann, thesis Dorpat 1836, [4]

literature

  • Guido Hausmann: University and Municipal Society in Odessa, 1865–1917. Social and national self-organization on the periphery of the tsarist empire. (= Sources and studies on the history of Eastern Europe, Vol. 49), Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-5150-7068-0 , p. 60 f.
  • Nemcy Rossii: Ėnciklopedija. The Germans of Russia. Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Main editor Vladislav Michajlovič Karev, Moskva 1999,
  • Regine Pfrepper: Active Ingredients . German-Russian Relations in Pharmacology in the 19th Century. Aachen 2012, p. 53.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erik Amburger database. Foreigners in pre-revolutionary Russia. [1]
  2. ^ Fischer, Marta: Actors and Agents. Bibliographic lexicon of pharmacologists between Germany and Russia in the 19th century. Aachen: Shaker 2014 (Relationes 14), 13-14., Online version [2]
  3. ↑ Table of contents arranged according to the gender tables Bi to B4 of the 1893 by Landgerichfsraf Dr. Arthur Becker in Dresden
  4. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Becker in the Erik Amburger database. Institute for East and Southeast European Studies.
  5. ^ Barbara Beuys: Paula Modersohn-Becker. Or: when art is life. TB 3419, Insel Verlag, Frankfurt am Main / Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-458-35119-1 , p. 9 f., Excerpt (PDF; 294 kB).
  6. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Becker and Christian Gottfried Becker jun. were sons of pastor Christian Gottfried Becker sen. (Born December 30, 1739 in Chemnitz; † April 27, 1793 in Mittweida ) and his wife Johanne Christiane Benedicta Becker, née Glauch (born April 29, 1752 in Wippra ; † November 3, 1793 in Mittweida )
  7. ↑ Spamer, FOOnline = column 550 : Illustrated Konversations-Lexikon: comparative reference book for daily use. House treasure for the German people and "Orbis pictus" for the student youth ... Otto Spamer, 1872.
  8. ↑ The pastor couple had four daughters Johanna Christiana Becker, Dorothe Sophia Jahn, Amalie Concordia Petzold, Gottliebe Wilhelmine Doerstling and five other sons Friedrich Wilhelm Becker, August Benedikt Becker, Gottlob Leberecht Becker, Gotthilf Theodor Becker, Carl Hinrich Becker.
  9. ↑ This makes Wilhelm Gustav Becker the great-uncle of the famous German painter Paula Modersohn-Becker
  10. ↑ Biographical data, http://drw.saw-leipzig.de/ [3]
  11. ↑ The Ophthalmometrie is the study of the optical constants of the eye. These constants can be divided into three groups, of which the first comprises the refractive indices of the media, the second the shape, orientation and position of the refractive surfaces, and the third the size and position of the aperture .
personal data
SURNAME Becker, Wilhelm Gustav
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Беккер, Василий Васильевич
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-born doctor, ophthalmologist, university professor in Kiev
DATE OF BIRTH November 23, 1811
PLACE OF BIRTH Reval (Tallinn)
DATE OF DEATH March 28, 1874
Place of death St. Petersburg