Wittken

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Coats of arms of the branches of the von Wittken and von Wittke families

Wittke (n) is the name of an aristocratic family that belongs to the Pomeranian nobility and was first mentioned in the Lauenburg area in 1240. The family's regular estates were Reckendorf am Zarnowitzer See and Goddentow, Jezow and Prebendow near Lauenburg.

The Witek, Witk, Wittke, Wittken are an extensive family of Pomeranian nobility. Their home is the former country of Lauenburg an der Leba , which roughly included the area of ​​the former Lauenburg district in Pomerania , but it is unclear whether the family originally came from Pomerania or Bohemia, the name and individual documents speaking for the latter. The oldest documented property in Pomerania acquired the family in 1284 through the sale of the goods Beczino , also Bezino am Zarnowitzer See , and Godętowo (until 1945 Goddentow an der Leba), on the part of the Duke of Pomerania , Mestwin II. To Bozey, Witko's son.

Appearance of the name

In the second half of the 14th century, a common gender name came into use for members of this sex . In the East Pomeranian language it was Witek or Witk. The form Witek can still be found in documents from 1570. The transition from Witek to Witk is explained by the peculiarity of the national language ek to be contracted into k. Even under the Teutonic Knight Order (1310 to 1466) the German language transformed Witek and Witk into Witke. In the dialect of the Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin (1466 to 1637) it became Witken.

The oldest document known to date, which proves the gender name as such, was the letter from the Danzig Commander Walrabe von Scharfenberghe , stored in the former State Archives in Danzig , given to izo Dancke after the jarizal of our Cryste in 1390 jare on the drynxte day during which he fasted Peter Wytke uses his hereditary estate Boszynn (now Brzyn) as hereditary Schulzen and determines his rights.

The next following document, which clearly established the gender name, was the feudal letter of Duke Barnim IX stored in the former State Archives in Stettin . from Pomerania via the Gesow -Loffze (Jezow, Lowitz) family estates, given to Alten-Stettin on Thursdays after Trinitatis in 1553 . The name Witken and Withken are written in it. Wytke (1390) and Witken (1553) are the still existing German forms of the name Wittke and Wittken. In addition, the customary form Witk remained in use until the 18th century and preferred by the local population. Witka, Witki and similar forms are ultimately changes from Witk through the Polish language.

Under such circumstances the spelling of names was varied and subject to change over the centuries. There are in the name: in the 1st position V and W; in the 2nd position i, ia, y; in 3rd position t, d, dt, th, tt; in the 4th position c, g, k, ck, ch; in the 5th position o, a, i, y ,, e, en, also ow; between 3 and 4 e, i or z is sometimes written; often 5, sometimes 3, sometimes 4 too. The spelling in the older documents suggests that earlier the i of the name was pronounced stretched, similar to what happens in the name of Vitus.

The names Witek or Witk are viewed in name research as a Slavic pet form of Vitus ( Veit ; Czech Vít ; Polish Wit ). Others believed that the name was related to the Polish word witka (willow crop). The derivation from the Low German witt (white ') has also been considered. From the foregoing it is clear that it actually developed: Witken (the Witken) from Witke, Witke from Witk and Witck and Witk from Witek. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, name researchers derived the name Witek from the Bohemian Witigones . However, at that time it was also believed that the names Witko or Witke were of Pomeranian or Slavic origin.

In any case, Witek, Witigo, Witko was a Christian baptismal name long before gender names were accepted. It was also used as such by the German-Bohemian dynasty of the Witek (Witigonen, Witkonen, etc.), subsequently named afterwards. In this way, the Gdańsk Count Palatine Witko (Vitico, Viteco) also carries the name taken over from his ancestors , from whom he inherited his grandson Witko zu Brzyn according to the custom of the time. When gender names were generally introduced by the German Order of Knights in East Pomerania, the traditional baptismal name, which had become peculiar to the gender, became a gender name. In addition to Peter Wytke zu Brzyn in 1390, it was also worn by a Franczke Witke from 1411-1413, who, as a mercenary leader of the Teutonic Order, had co-signed a letter of rejection to Grand Master Heinrich von Plauen.

To what extent the surname of the Wittken is already concerned with the East Pomeranian nobles mentioned in the Danzig and Copenhagen wax tablets at this time : Wytke (Wedige) von Koscizkow 1396, 1398, 1401; Vitzk (Wytzke) von Damerow 1404 and 1409; Widike (Witiche) von Lissow 1398, Witiche von Lissow 1412; Vitzke von Pauskönitz 1406; Wiczke von Kossow 1413; Wittchen von Gluckow and Wycow von Guewo (around 1400); Vyzeke Bronurowiz von Bresen (around 1404) and Witke von Opparzikow (around 1410) can appear questionable if, given the level of penmanship at that time, it can be assumed that the name Witke is used everywhere in the court hearings conducted under the Teutonic Order; the named places also belong without exception to the range of the Wittken dynasty.

The nicknames

As it had become customary to supplement the individual name by adding the name of the property or place of residence, in East Pomerania the aristocratic gender name, insofar as it was not already derived from a place name, was usually added by an epithet borrowed from the property. For the Witk, the following such epithets were established as documentedly known: Borzyskowski, Chosnicki, Glinski, Jezewski, Niepoczolowski, Tempski, Czarnikowski, Poblockie. As is customary in the country, in accordance with Polish custom, the names were usually named with the first name and the owner's surname, omitting the root name. This explains why it appears in the Copenhagen wax tablets around 1400: Her Bartke and Posibke von Jesow; 1430 in the Danzig Commandery Book the Bartke and Lorenz von Jesow (father and son); 1590 before the Lauenburg court Greger Witken only as Greger von Gesow; In 1605 during the negotiations in the Lowitz inheritance dispute, the cousins ​​Jürgen and Christoph Witken almost exclusively under the name of the Gesowen .

In the course of time, the property surname came to the fore in many families to such an extent that it became the actual family name, while the old tribe name fell out of use, in some even forgotten, a change that was greatly facilitated by the Polish clergy, who in Purposeful polonization from the church records of the old Pomerellen gradually made the German tribal names disappear more and more, so that only the Polish property names remained in effect. So appear z. B. in the Luteniziner church book the Witk-Jezewski are almost exclusively only as Jezewski, which prompted the historical researcher Anton von Mach to add Jezewski are the Wittken in the church book extract . Nevertheless, the Wittken clung to the tribe name with remarkable frequency. In particular, with the Wittken auf Jezow, although they had owned the estate only for themselves and not together with other sexes and the name derived from it was only due to them, the nickname Jezewski, which is often used for itself, has the old tribe name Witk never been able to push back completely. On the other hand, the surname Jezewski has been preserved both as a double name and as a single name in a genealogical branch that migrated from Jezow to Poland before 1600.

The Wittken of the line Jezow A sometimes carried the name Flotken in addition to the tribe name. In 1594 and around 1600, Baltzer Witken is mentioned several times as Baltzer Flotke. In 1578 his brother Fabian Witken, Burgrave of Putzig , appears, now as Fabian Jezewski, now as Fabian Flotke. Later Flotke changed into Wlock (Wlodeck) and Wlothke and Wlottken. 1721 says in the Lauenburger Grodbuch : Michael Witke - alias Wlodk-Jezewski; 1735 in the Dzinzelitz church book: Michael Wlotke; 1740 ibid: Mrs. Barbara von Wlottken. Around 1750 the surname disappears. Later, only the name form v. Wittke on application. The unconditional affiliation of the Flotken line to the Wittken family has never been in question, especially since their coat of arms was still completely the same as that of the other siblings residing on Jezow-Lowitz in 1616.

Name and coat of arms after 1553

The fief letters to write in 1553: 1675 Witken, 1601 Witken, 1605 and 1608 Witken, 1618 Viethken, 1621 Vitcken. In a royal Polish “regestrum contributionum regiarum” 1570 the name form is still Witek. 1590–1622 the name, mostly written Witke and Witken, also with tt, can be found in the German-written proceedings of the Lauenburger Grodgericht and the Stargarder Hofgericht over the Lowitz inheritance dispute ; it is repeatedly replaced by the designation of Gesow and Gesowe; 1616 show the three or two court powers of attorney, almost exactly the same coat of arms stamps of Peter, Christopher and Jeremias Witken in the German shield (without helmet) three leaves or flowers of heart shape branching off from a jointly uprooted stem on short stems to the right and left, as it is peculiar to the sepals of the dog rose, mostly also to the single leaves of the clover. These stamps give so far, since the seals attached to the 1430 contract by Bartke and Lorencz von Gesow according to the Danzig Commandery Book have not been preserved, the oldest information about the coat of arms of the Wittken auf Jezow.

In the lists of homage from 1575 and 1605 the name is: Witke; but Elzow wrote in the Pomeranian Adelsspiegel 1693 for 1575 and 1601 Wittken. In 1618 Eilhard Lubinius depicts the name and coat of arms of the Witks on his large map of Pomerania. The coat of arms shows a three-leaf clover in the (Spanish) shield and helmet decoration, for which the plant figure described in 1616 undoubtedly formed the basis. In 1634 Dachnowski, the author of a handwritten Prussian coat of arms, draws and describes the coat of arms of the Pomeranian Chosnicki. Witk: in the (German) shield on a blue field three clovers on a common stem; A white arrow pointing upwards is placed above each leaf. There are also three such arrows in the helmet decoration (after W. v. Ketrzynski). Here, within the Wittken family, the helmet ornament of the three arrows is first identified, which is peculiar to numerous Pomeranian families and which is also carried by the Wittken zu Jezow and Dzinzelitz. Due to the time when the arrows appeared as helmet decorations, the family tradition that has not yet been confirmed may have arisen afterwards, that the arrows were added to the coat of arms as a result of the gender’s participation in the Turkish wars of 1620/21.

The three-leaf clover indicates an intimate connection with the coat of arms of the Lubinian map. In 1639 Wikraelius lists the Witken as a family of the "Freyen" in the work Altes Pommernland , p. 445, without a description of the coat of arms. In 1641, Woywoden Jakob Weyherr found the signature in a Bütower document: Michael Vietk (Cramer II.209) 1648 and 1682 is in the royal Polish tax registers (v. Ketrzynski) the name Witk. In 1658, when paying homage to Elector Wilhelm von Brandenburg in Lauenburg, the name was written in the "Catalogus der Lawenburg'schen von Adell": Witcken, in 1740 when paying homage to the nobles of the Lauenburg district before King Friedrich II .: v. Witcken. 1900 shows Źernicki-Szeliga : in The Polish Adel II. 520 the names Wittken, Witka, Witke Witken, Witk and Wittk. The description of the coat of arms: three overturned red arrows in silver, helmet decoration three arrows pointing upwards like a fan. But if you also find tulips or lilies instead of them, you are not exactly right, insofar as lilies are probably up to you, but never on the helmet. In 1904 Źernicki wrote in Die Polnischen Stammwappen p. 104. under coat of arms from Pomerania: "Witk (Witka, Wittk, Witke Wyt, Wyta) and describes the coat of arms: three red arrows plunged in silver, three arrows placed in a fan-like manner in helmet decorations, again with reference to the Shield figure not perfect. For the Witk-Jezewski (that is, the line that emigrated before 1600), he states: Shield divided, red and silver striped below, a running white dog in blue above (!); Helmet decoration three ostrich feathers. For the Witk-Nieporolowski the coat of arms is described: three silver heraldic lilies set in blue for 1 and 2, helmet decorations as well. (Cf. to 1818 c). For the Witk-Czarnowski it is stated: Wappen Sas. 1905 brings W. v Ketrzynski in the Przydomki Szlachty Pomorskiji p. 17 the name Witk (sometimes Wyt, Wyta) and shows the given names of the Witk property.

1906 is in Volume IX. On p. 59 the Herbarz Polski by Adam Boniecki the coat of arms of Wittk-Jezewscy is shown under the name Herb Sis-Jezewscy: in the shield above a chess the right-striding fox, helmet decoration three ostrich feathers. In 1907, the history of the Neustadt and Putzig districts shows the connection between the Palatine Witko and the nobleman George Wittke on Brzyn in 1635. The Wittke are described as an ancient noble family based on Lake Zarnowitz. In 1908 the name forms v. Wittke and v. Wittken declared equal. A coat of arms, made from the honor plaque in the Zinzelitz church, is described: on the coat of arms surrounded by a purple coat in a silver field, three fan-shaped purple natural lilies (the same as those used by the Tauentzien family, related to the von Wittken, as helmet decorations), on the helmet adorned with the noble crown, three fan-shaped silver arrows.

In 1910 the Gotha Genealogical Handbook of the Letter Nobility recorded the name v. Wittke for the son of Captain Moritz Heinrich v. Wittken (1751-1812). The paternal coat of arms awarded to him is described: in silver on a green ground three natural garden lilies (tulips), on the crowned helmet with red and silver covers three fan-shaped arrows. (In 1912 these arrows were labeled red). In 1911 there were eight coats of arms of the sex in the seal collection of the Secret State Archives in Berlin : one belongs to the Groß-Perlin line, the other seven have the same three upright arrows as helmet decorations; six of them clearly have the three natural lilies up their sleeves, one apparently has three overturned arrows pointing to the ground, but these can also be unsuccessful lilies. According to the genealogy. The nobility handbook is the name of the tribe A of the Wittken family and bears the coat of arms described above (in silver on a green three-mountain, 3 red lilies on green leaf stalks; on the helmet with red-silver covers, 3 fan-like arrows; see also the slightly different illustration on page 470). The tribes B and C of the sex are called Wittke, whereby the Prebentow line of the B tribe leads the coat of arms with the arrows instead of the lilies.

  • Coat of arms with fallen lilies (1616)

  • Coat of arms with clover leaf (1618)

  • Coat of arms of the Jezow A line

  • Coat of arms of the lines Jezow B, D and E

  • Coat of arms of the Jezow B line on Prebentow

  • Coat of arms a of the line Jezow B on Prebentow

  • Coat of arms b of the Jezow B line on Prebentow

  • Coat of arms of the Witk-Jezewski line

  • Coat of arms c of the line Jezow B on Prebentow

Geographical origin

The Szczecin State Archivist, Dr. Klempin, who, based on his research, placed the Wojwoden (Palatine) Witko, his son Bozey and his grandson Witko at the top of the family tree in a family tree drawn up around 1870, referred to them as the direct ancestors of the cousins ​​who were enfeoffed with Jezow-Lowitz in 1553 Baltzer, Nikolas and Hans Witken.

The ancestor Witko is named in the Bukow monastery documents No. 343 and 378 from the years 1262 and 1265 as Vitico Burggravius ​​Svezensis. Later it is recorded in the Pomeranian document book in the same Bukow documents, as well as under no. 987 in a Bukow document from 1274 as Vitco Palatinus Gdanensis and under no. 1001 in a document of the Colbatz monastery in 1274 as Witico Palatinus Danensis.

The listed documents do not contain any information about the origin and home of the Witko. The name of his father cannot be seen in any of them, and there is never a local epithet next to the name; no coat of arms of his is known (information from the state archives Danzig and Königsberg). Witko died in 1283 and was probably born around 1210. According to the document from 1284, he had left only one son, Bozey, in addition to his widow, who at that time was still at a young age (puer) and was initially supposed to live with his mother.

Descendants of the Bohemian Witigones?

The Wittken branch living in Germany traced the family's origins back to the Bohemian dynasty of the Witigonen and the brother of the Bohemian marshal and Styrian governor Wok von Rosenberg , Witiko von Příběnice , based on genealogical research from the 19th century . The first recorded Wittken Bozey is said to have been his son. He was established in Pomerania by Duke Mestwin II. According to a document dated July 20, 1284, he and his mother were sold the goods Beschzino (later Brzyn) and Kodutow near Lauenburg. However, there is no clear evidence for this, and a comparison of the family coat of arms does not allow a corresponding conclusion.

The Wittken on Jezow-Lowitz

A good kilometer from Kodutow, the Wittken appeared on Jezow-Lowitz as early as 1500 with long-established land holdings in three separate cousin lines. When the family took over this property and how the connection with the Wittken on Brzyn and Goddentow of the closer was formed cannot be proven. Perhaps Jezow had become a family estate at the same time as Kodutow / Goddentow or soon after. It is also not known when the village of Jezow existed. Even if Jezow (Jezewo) is not the oldest documentary family estate of the Wittken, it is still the ancestral seat of the genealogical branch that asserted itself as a noble family up to the 20th century and thanks to the securely stored feudal letters and the early transition the most reliable news has come to the Brandenburg-Prussian state. Until 1836, the Wittken's fate was linked to Jezow.

The homage to Lauenburg 1658

After the Prussian states of the Teutonic Order had come to the Electorate of Brandenburg, the Wetspreussian-Pomeranian nobility had to take the oath of homage to the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich-Wilhelm in 1658 . In the catalog of Lawenburg and Bütowschen von Adell , who took the oath of homage to Elector Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg on June 18, 1658, the families of the Lauenburg district under No. 39 are listed: T he Witcken, Jürgen and Lorentz uff Gesow , Greger uff Perlin, Jürgen uff Gesow, Christopher son Heinrich absent .

The division of the Wittken lines

Already in the 16th century the lines of the Jezower Wittken split up. The Wittken family history distinguishes between the Jezow AE and the Groß-Perlin lines.

The Wittken / Wittke family in Prussia and Germany

As a result of the fact that Pomerania-West Prussia belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia, which was established in 1701, the members of the Pomeranian nobility were urged to send their sons to the Prussian cadet institutes as officers. In the 18th century there were members of the von Wittken family in the Prussian cadet institutions of Stolp and Kulm and in the rankings of the Prussian army. The incorporation of the sons of the individual Wittken lines into the Prussian army also meant that they gave up their original Catholic denomination and converted to the Protestant faith. The compulsion to make the sons available for the Prussian military resulted in the impoverishment of the family estates. Today the family names von Wittken and von Wittke can be found in Germany , which have the same origin. In addition, there is a family of barons or lords of Wittken-Jungnik whether this is actually the title of nobility of a baron was awarded or this only by adoption were included in the family of Wittken is doubtful, although the especially since the Wittken / Wittke nobility belong to the Family but the title of baron has never been awarded.

Estates

Pomerania

  • Albeck
  • Klein Borkow
  • Large and Klein-Damerkow
  • Dresow
  • Dzechen
  • Dzinzelitz
  • Gedde
  • Goddentow
  • Great Gustkow
  • Jellentsch
  • Yezov
  • Karolinenhof
  • Lodder
  • Lowitz
  • Nackel
  • Reckendorf
  • Perlin
  • Poppow
  • Poplotz
  • Prebendow
  • New Vieschen
  • Zabelsdorf
  • Zelasen

West Prussia

  • Antoniov
  • Brzezyno
  • Dargelau
  • Ebersfelde
  • Elzanowo
  • Gelembokia
  • Gurzno
  • Klein Glomkau
  • Mgowo
  • Sarnowo
  • Salno
  • Topolno
  • Turzno
  • Ostrowitte
  • Prussau
  • Wymyslow
  • Zakrzewo

Grand Duchy of Poznan

  • Kromplewo
  • Niepoczlowice
  • Slupovo
  • Wtelno

Brandenburg

Silesia

  • Rybnick

Mecklenburg

  • Kadow
  • Trollenhagen

Well-known family members

  • Vitco (1210–1284), Chancellor of Duke Sambor of Pommerellen, Burgrave of Schwetz, Count Palatine of Danzig, Lord of Beschzino and Kodutow
  • Bozey (1284–1334), cupbearer from Schwetz, knight and gentleman on Beschzino (Reckendorf) and Kodutow (Goddentow)
  • Stefan (1283), Unterertruchsess and Jägermeister von Schlawe
  • Witko (1342), heir to Beschzino (Reckendorf) on Lake Zarnowitz
  • Peter Witke (1390), heir and Schulze on Beschzino
  • Franczke Witke (1411), knight and mercenary leader of the Teutonic Knight Order
  • Fabian Witken, alias (Flotke) (1578), Burgrave of Putzig and Lord of Lowitz, Lauenburg district
  • Wojciech von Witke-Jezewski (1712–1715), Burgrave of Pomerania and Truchsess von Wilkomir, elector of King August II.
  • Friedrich Wilhelm von Wittken (1709–1769), Prussian colonel, knight of the order Pour le Mérite
  • Franz von Witke-Jezewski (1772 †), treasurer of Zakroczym and alderman of Schwetz
  • Moritz Heinrich von Wittken (1751–1812), Prussian lieutenant colonel, prelate of the cathedral chapter of Cammin, lord of the manor of Kadow, Demmin district
  • Franz Michael von Wittke (1753–1793), Prussian court judge at Bromberg
  • Mathias von Witke-Jezewski (1740–1806), Burg-Vizeregent and member of the Culm district, landlord on Topolno and Ostrowite in Schwetz district
  • Jan von Witke-Jezewski (1763), hunter master of Winnica, landlord on Wymyslow, Salno and Antoniow, district of Graudenz
  • Moritz Heinrich von Wittke (1789–1862), Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Strelitz-scher travel stable master, Canon of St. Gangolf in Magdeburg, lord of the Slupowo, district of Bromberg and Zabelsdorf, district of Stettin
  • Nicodem von Witke-Jezewski (1790–1831), Prussian chamberlain and landlord on Topolno
  • Johann Ludwig von Wittke (1760–1832), Prussian colonel, commander of the 4th garrison battalion in Kolberg, knight of the order Pour le Mérite
  • Franz von Wittken (1767–1811), Prussian officer, knight of the order Pour le Mérite
  • Franz Heinrich von Wittke (1791–1843), Prussian district and city judge in Thorn
  • Karl Ludwig Ferdinand von Wittken (1807–1884), Prussian Privy Councilor of Justice, Judge of Appeal in Breslau
  • Edmund von Wittken (1837–1927), head of the State Ministry in Saxony-Coburg-Gotha, Prussian district administrator
  • George von Wittken (1852–1934), Prussian lieutenant general
  • Arthur von Wittken (1853–1912), German writer
  • Alexander Eduard Franz von Wittke (1856–1924), professor of modern languages
  • Dominik von Wittke-Jezewski (1862–1944), president of the Art House-Hotel de Ventes auction house in Warsaw, art collector and patron of artists and cultural institutions, lord of the Glembokie district of Strelno, knight of the French Legion of Honor

More name bearers

literature

  • Genealogical manual of the nobility. Adelslexikon Volume XVI, Volume 137 Complete Series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 2005, ISBN 3-7980-0837-X .
  • Herbarz Szlachty Kaszubskiej, Volume 1 Przemyslaw Pragert, ISBN 83-919852-6-1 .
  • Franz Schultz : History of the Lauenburg district in Pomerania. 1912 ( digitized version )
  • West Prussian History Association: Pomeranian Document Book. Danzig 1881–1916, Scientia Verlag. Aalen 1969.
  • George von Wittken: To the origin of the Pomeranian family v. Wittken and v. Wittke. 1932, Tambach-Dietharz.
  • Handbook of the Prussian Nobility, Volume 1, 1892, p.620f

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ today: Brzyno, Gmina Krokowa , Powiat Pucki , Pomeranian Voivodeship
  2. ↑ today Godętowo, Gmina Łęczyce , Powiat Wejherowski , Pomeranian Voivodeship
  3. ↑ today: Jeżewo, Gmina Łęczyce , Powiat Wejherowski , Pomeranian Voivodeship
  4. ↑ today: Przebędowo, Gmina Choczewo , Powiat Wejherowski , Pomeranian Voivodeship
  5. ↑ Pomeranian document book. Danzig 1882, no.373.
  6. ↑ v. Flaust: family history of the v. Brauneck , Berlin 1906, p. 14.
  7. ↑ Lauenburger Grodbuch 1721–1726
  8. ^ Matthias Pangert: Archive for Austrian History. Vienna 1873. S. 521. Heinrich Sperl: The home of the Witigonen. In: Communications from the Association for the History of Germans in Bohemia. 38th year. Prague 1900. p. 397.
  9. ^ Franz Schultz : History of the districts Neustadt-Putzig. Danzig 1907, p. 74; History of the Lauenburg district. Lauenburg 1912, pp. 85-87.
  10. ^ District history Lauenburg. Pp. 86-87.
  11. ^ Journal of the West Prussian History Association. Issues 4, 11. Danzig 1881, 1884.
  12. ↑ W. von Ketrzynski: Pozydomki Szlachty Pomorskiej. Lemberg 1905. p. 17.
  13. ↑ v. Jezewski: The Polish family coat of arms. Hamburg 1904. p. 125.
  14. ↑ Royal. Prussia. Herald's office July 26, 1904, No. 3474 I.
  15. ↑ Herold 1885 p. 432.
  16. ^ Secret State Archives of Prussian Cultural Heritage, Berlin
  17. ↑ today: Perlino, Gmina Gniewino , Powiat Wejherowski , Pomeranian Voivodeship
  18. ^ Genealogy. Handbuch des Adels, Volume A XXIX, p. 435. Genealogy. Handbuch, Adelslexikon, Volume XVI, p. 296.
  19. ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility. Adelslexikon Volume XVI, Volume 137 Complete Series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 2005, ISBN 3-7980-0837-X , page 470
  20. ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility. Adelslexikon Volume XVI, Volume 137 Complete Series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 2005, ISBN 3-7980-0837-X , pp. 439, 452.
  21. ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility. Adelslexikon Volume XVI, Volume 137 Complete Series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 2005, ISBN 3-7980-0837-X , illustration on p. 448.
  22. ↑ State Archives Stettin, 1883
  23. ↑ Friedrich v. Dreger: Codex diplomaticus , Stettin 1748
  24. ↑ Stettin 1868, II No. 725, 781.
  25. ↑ George von Wittken: To the origin of the Pomeranian sex v. Wittken and v. Wittke. Tambach-Dietharz 1932.
  26. ↑ Festival newspaper for the 250th anniversary of the homage , Lauenburg 1908, original in the Secret State Archive of Prussian Cultural Heritage, Berlin