Ypiranga
 View of the roll tank on deck (to the left of the officer)
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The Ypiranga was a German combined ship . She was one of the South America liners of the Hamburg-American Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG). Her sister ship was the Corcovado, launched in 1907 . The ships had two masts, a chimney and a large deckhouse.
The sister ships King Wilhelm II and King Friedrich August , as well as Prince Bismarck and Crown Princess Cecilie also looked similar.
Service at HAPAG
The launch of the Ypiranga took place on August 18, 1908 at the Krupp- Germania shipyard in Kiel and on October 14, 1908 she started her maiden voyage from Hamburg to Brazil (so-called Central Brazil voyage). She had a service speed of 13 knots and space for 136 passengers in the first class, 126 in the second class and 1,049 between deck passengers.
The Ypiranga was very rough in heavy seas. This was remedied by installing Frahm swaying tanks at the height of the masts . The Corcovado also received this modification. After that, both ships were considered extremely stable in heavy seas.
On March 15, 1911, it was used for a round trip between Hamburg and Philadelphia and then transferred to the Hamburg-Cuba-Mexico route. Together with Fürst Bismarck , she provided the so-called express service from Hamburg via Le Havre and Southampton, Santander, La Coruña, Vigo to Havana and Veracruz (24 days). The ships then continued to Tampico and Puerto México (today Coatzacoalcos , Veracruz) and back via Veracruz. One cycle should take place in 50 to 56 days. There were freight restrictions for express service (e.g. for Cuba) to limit port times.
On the new route, the Ypiranga was involved in the Mexican Revolution several times . On the voyage in May 1911, the Ypiranga brought the abdicated Mexican President Porfirio Díaz into exile in La Coruña. Díaz had resigned on May 25 and fled by train to Veracruz ; there he went on board with his family on May 31st.
The 26th trip of the Ypiranga in April 1914 from Hamburg to Veracruz was the most remarkable, which led to the so-called Ypiranga Incident on April 21st. US troops who had just occupied Veracruz confiscated the ship because it had weapons and ammunition on board for the Mexican government of Victoriano Huerta , which the US government had imposed an arms embargo on. Since the USA had neither declared war on Mexico nor formally blocked the Mexican ports, they had to release the ship again, which then called at Puerto México. This port was not under the control of the Americans. The Ypiranga was able to unload its cargo and hand it over to representatives of the Huerta government. Three months later, in July 1914, General Huerta was also overthrown and left Mexico on board the Ypiranga .
War effort
In August 1914, which was Ypiranga in Hamburg launched . She was delivered to Southend on March 28, 1919 and was taken over by the Shipping Controller. The White Star Line managed the Ypiranga for the return of Allied troops to Australia.
Post-war service under foreign flags
In 1920 the ship was laid up in Hull . Then the Ypiranga was sold to the Anchor Line , overhauled (8142 GRT) and renamed Assyria . After a first deployment from Liverpool to Bombay in January 1921, she was deployed from Glasgow to New York from June 1921 to August 1925 and then switched back to the Scottish shipping company's Bombay line.
In 1929 she was transferred to the Portuguese Cia. Colonial de Navegacao sold in Lisbon, renamed Colonial and used on their line from Lisbon to Angola and Mozambique . From 1930, her sister ship Corcovado was also used as a Mauzinho next to her, which had been bought by the Portuguese company from Italy.
In September 1950 the ship was sold to the British Iron and Steel Corporation as the Brisco 9 . On September 17, the former HAPAG ship was stranded on the way to being scrapped near Campbeltown when the tow broke.
Sister ship Corcovado (1907)
later: Sueh, Guglielmo Pierce, Corcovado, Maria Christina, Mauzinho
The Corcovado (8,099 GRT) was also built at the Germania shipyard in Kiel for the South America / Brazil service. Her launch took place on December 21, 1907 and her maiden voyage from Hamburg to South America. From 1911 she was used like her sister ship to Central America. On October 19, 1912 she drove from Hamburg to New York for the first time and on March 15, 1914 for the first time from Hamburg to Philadelphia.
On April 15, 1914, she opened a new HAPAG line from New York to the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, on which she was used with the two older steamers Barcelona ex Arabia (5,446 GRT) and Pisa (4,967 GRT) from 1896. When the Corcovado arrived in Constantinople , there was a large banquet on board with the US Ambassador Morgenthau . On May 20, she began her first return trip from Odessa via Batumi to Constantinople, Smyrna , Piraeus and New York. On July 26, 1914, the Corcovado reached Odessa again and was able to reach Constantinople before the outbreak of the First World War . For the duration of the war, it served as a residential ship and headquarters of the German Mediterranean division .
In 1915 it was sold to Turkey and renamed Sueh .
On December 6, 1918, the Allied occupying powers interned the German and Austrian nationals living in Istanbul on the Sueh before they were expelled.
In 1919 the ship came to France as spoils of war and was given its old name back.
In 1920 she was sold to the Italian shipping company Sicula Americana in Naples and renamed Gugliemo Pierce . The ship was first used on the Naples - South America route and sailed for the first time from Naples to New York on December 9, 1920. Her 14th and last trip to New York began on November 5, 1923. In 1926 she was chartered to the Cosulich Line , Trieste. In 1927 the Sicula sold it to Lloyd Sabaudo in Genoa, who renamed it Maria Christina .
In 1930 the Portuguese Cia Colonial bought the ship and renamed it Mouzinho . The ship was now used again together with her sister ship Colonial formerly Ypiranga on the Lisbon - Angola - Mozambique route. In June and August 1941 she made two trips between Lisbon and New York. In 1954 the former Corcovado was scrapped in Savona .
literature
- Carl Herbert: War voyages of German merchant ships . Broschek & Co, Hamburg 1934.
- Arnold Kludas : The history of German passenger shipping, Vol. 3: Leap growth: 1900 to 1914 (= writings of the German Maritime Museum, Vol. 18). Ernst Kabel Verlag, Hamburg 1986. ISBN 3-8225-0039-9 .
- Claus Rothe: German ocean passenger ships 1896 to 1918 . Steiger Verlag, Moers 1986, ISBN 3-921564-80-8 .
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ Color picture of the Ypiranga
- ^ Anti-Rolling Tank of 12,600-Ton Liner , Popular Mechanics Magazine. November 1911. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
- ^ John Womack: Zapata and the Mexican Revolution . Vintage, New York 1968.
- ↑ Michael C. Meyer: The Arms of the Ypiranga , in: The Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol. 50, No. 3 (Aug 1970), pp. 543-556, Duke University Press
- ↑ Thomas Baecker: The Arms of the Ypiranga: The German Side , in: The Americas , Vol. 30, No. 1 (July 1973), pp. 1-17, Academy of American Franciscan History
- ^ John Womack: Zapata and the Mexican Revolution . New York: Vintage, 1968.
- ↑ Color picture of Assyria
- ^ Image of the Corcovado
- ↑ old photo of the Corcovado (year certainly wrong)
- ^ Friedrich Schrader , A Refugee Journey Through Ukraine. Journal pages of my escape from Constantinople. JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1919 online , p. 13
