United violence colliery

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United violence colliery
General information about the mine
other names Colliery United Violence & New Luck
Colliery United New Luck & Violence
Colliery United Violence & Erbstollen
Funding / year Max. 106,802 t
Information about the mining company
Employees Max. 478
Start of operation 1813
End of operation 1886
Successor use Consolidation
colliery united violence & God trust
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Hard coal
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 26 '4.1 "  N , 7 ° 4' 41.8"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 26 '4.1 "  N , 7 ° 4' 41.8"  E
United Force Colliery (Ruhr Regional Association)
United violence colliery
Location United violence colliery
Location Overturn
local community eat
Independent city ( NUTS3 ) eat
country State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country Germany
District Ruhr area

The United Force colliery is a former coal mine in Essen-Überruhr -Hinsel. The coal mine was until 1820 under the name of United Mine Violence & Neuglück or colliery Neuglück & Violence known. From 1823 the mine was mainly known as the Zeche Kraft , until 1865 it was also called the Zeche Vereinigte Kraft & Erbstollen . The United Force colliery emerged from the consolidation of two previously independent mines. The mine was the largest colliery in the Ruhr area in the middle of the 19th century .

history

The first years

In July of 1813 consolidated the mine Neuglück below the Erbstollensohle with the bill violence for colliery violence. The colliery had the Franz and Lisette shafts and the Göpelschacht Conrad in operation that year, and extraction was via the main tunnel. In 1820, the art shaft of violence was sunk south of the Eigenstrasse . The shaft starting point was 100 meters south of the Conrad shaft. In 1821 the Conrad shaft was sunk deeper and the third level was set at a depth of 52 puddles . In the same year, a second steam engine for drainage was installed at the violence shaft . In 1823 a third water retention steam engine was put into operation. In 1825 only one water retention steam engine was in operation. The coal mining was carried out from the Conrad mine via a horse-drawn railway to the coal mine on the Ruhr.

The further operation

In 1830 Schacht Conrad received a new winder , which was powered by steam. In the years 1830/1831 there were increased water inflows. For this reason, a water retention steam engine was set up on the 4th level at a depth of 142 meters (−65 meters above sea ​​level ). In 1838 the art shaft in violence was sunk deeper and the 5th level was set at a depth of 180 meters (−95 meters above sea level). In the same year the Conrad shaft was sunk down to the fourth level. In 1840 the 6th level was set in the shaft at a depth of 242 meters (−157 meters above sea level), while the Conrad shaft was sunk deeper to the 5th level. In 1841 the shaft reached the 6th level and at a depth of 254 meters (−177 meters above sea level) the bottom of the swamp in the Conrad shaft was set. The swamp floor was later renamed the 6th northern floor. In 1842 the 7th level was set in the violence shaft at a depth of 311 meters (−226 meters above sea level). At this point in time, the United Force colliery was the deepest mine in the Ruhr area. In 1844 the Conrad shaft was sunk down to the 7th level. In 1847 the United Force colliery was the largest colliery in the Ruhr area. In 1852, a steam-powered driving art down to a depth of 123 laughs was put into operation in the Conrad shaft . It was a double-track art of driving and the first art of driving on a colliery in the Ruhr area. At that time the mine belonged to the Oberruhr-Hinsbeck mining area . In 1854 the cuckoo seam was examined over a falling distance . The seam was in the hanging wall of the olive branch seam and was 41 inches thick . The investigation revealed the worthiness of the Kuckuck seam. In addition, additions to the driving skills were made this year. At the end of the boom, which was located below the sixth foundation level , a missing safety roller was installed. At that time the mine belonged to the Essen Mining Authority.

In the following year, the alignment and fixture work continued rapidly. For the promotion of the coals from the tunnel floor by open pit , a water elevator was used. With this elevator the coal was transported from underground to the crash platform of the Prinz-Wilhelm-Bahn. In 1856 there was a strong water inflow below the Kuckuck seam while driving through a hollow , at 200 cubic feet per minute. In order to be able to raise the pit water from a depth of 150 ponds, several dewatering machines with a total output of 800 hp were used. Despite these problems, the alignment and fixture work continued quickly. In 1857 the water inflows increased to 216 cubic feet per minute. This ultimately led to the fact that the 7th sole had to be flooded and swamped . The water was up to eight puddles above the sole. As a result, it was not possible to implement the intended solution of the die construction of the colliery artwork. To the dewatering reinforce were installed from the fifth to the fourth and the fourth to the third new sole pumps. In 1858 a breakthrough was made on the 7th level between the Conrad shaft and the violence shaft . This measure served to improve the dewatering. In addition, further midsoles were added with the 5th northern sole and the 6th new southern sole. The 5th northern level was at a depth of 173 meters (−96 meters above sea level) and the 6th new southern level was at a depth of 261 meters (−184 meters above sea level). Above ground , another Esse was built this year. This enabled the steam boilers to generate more steam . With this measure, it was now possible to pump out the pit water better on the seventh underground level. In 1859 the pump system suffered major damage. At the 70-inch machine, there was a rupture of the cylinder piston , on the 91-inch machine broke of the balancing. Due to the damage to the dewatering machines, the pit water could not be pumped out and rose to the sixth underground level. Despite swamp work , the water level could not be brought back below level 7 by the end of the year. As a result, the main output did not have to come from the deep Oelzweig seam, but from the upper part of the mine .

The last few years

In 1860 there was consolidation with the Glocke, Neuglück and Kuckuck collieries to form the Neuglück & Violence colliery . This year they were busy with the swamp work up to the seventh underground level . The water inflows were 208 cubic feet per minute. Due to the not yet completely swamped lower underground level, the extraction work was directed towards the higher seams . In the following year, the driveway to the east on the sixth building level in the saddle north wing of the Kuckuck seam reached the saddle turn with an driveway length of 188 laughs. The Donnergatt seam was prepared on the same level this year. In addition, the remaining clearing work could be carried out on the seventh underground level and the remaining pit water pumped out. The Oelzweig seam was then put back into construction. At that time the mine was part of the Steele mining district . In 1862, the Donnergatt seam was approached on the 6th level with the cross passage to the Mulde of Flöz Donnergatt. The seam here was 36 inches thick. On the 6th and 7th level, the rest of the jig work went smoothly. The mining on both levels was carried out according to the paragraph. The water inflows averaged 167 cubic feet per minute. In the following year, the mining of the 6th level and the 7th level was strongly promoted. Oelzweig was mined on both levels in the seam. The fixture work in the Kuckuck and Donnergatt seams also proceeded quickly. In the operation of the seam devil was basic line to the feeding operation by means of pit horses established. Mine water inflows averaged 174 cubic feet per minute that year.

In 1865, part of the lower-lying mine workings could not be used for operations due to high water inflows. This applied in particular to the deeper mine workings in the Oelzweig seam. In order to control the water inflow, a further dewatering machine was installed on the artificial shaft in addition to the already existing 70-inch dewatering machine. Further modifications were also made to the machines already in the other shafts, e.g. B. by installing a condensation device made. In 1869 the mine suffered a major disruption. Machine breaks had occurred on the dewatering machine that had to be rectified. In 1871 the colliery was only run as the United Force colliery, as shafts, the violence dewatering shaft and the Conrad shaft were still in operation. In the meantime, excavation was carried out on the 8th level at a depth of 330 meters (−253 meters above sea level) . The Berechtsame included at this time, a length field with great crossing . At the end of 1886, the United Force colliery was shut down due to heavy water inflows from the Ruhr. In 1890, negotiations about consolidation began with the Gottvertraut mine . In 1902, the United Force and God Trusted collieries were consolidated into the United Force & God Trusted mine .

Promotion and workforce

The first workforce at the mine dates back to 1813, when 20 miners were employed at the colliery. The first production figures of the mine come from the year 1827, in that year 280,455 bushels of hard coal were produced . In 1830 the production rose to 398,504 bushels, this production was provided by 126 miners. In 1834 245 miners were employed at the colliery. In 1836 115,584 Prussian tons of hard coal were mined. In 1840 the production rose to 34,059 tons of hard coal. In 1845 41,261 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1847 58,101 tons of hard coal were mined. In the following years the production rose continuously to over 84,013 tons in 1850 and up to 89,511 tons in 1855. The workforce also increased from 356 miners in 1850 to 461 miners in 1855. In 1858 the production decreased slightly to 82,385 tons Hard coal, the workforce also decreased to 412 miners. In 1865, a workforce of 282 produced 152,852 Prussian tons of hard coal. In 1871 the production rose to 92,763 tons, this production was provided by 478 miners. The maximum production of the mine was achieved in 1872. This year, 428 miners extracted 106,802 tonnes of hard coal. After that, the number of sponsors and employees fell again. In 1875 349 miners extracted 76,600 tons of hard coal and in 1880 317 miners extracted 65,952 tons of hard coal. The last known production and workforce figures for the mine are from 1885, when 334 miners produced 85,410 tonnes of hard coal.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Karlheinz Rabas, Karl Albert Rubacht: Mining historical atlas for the city of Essen . 1st edition, Regio Verlag, Werne 2008, ISBN 978-3-929158-22-9 .
  4. ↑ a b R. v. Carnall (Hrsg.): Journal for the mountain, hut and saltworks in the Prussian state. First volume, published by Wilhelm Hertz , Berlin 1854.
  5. ↑ R. v. Carnall (Hrsg.): Journal for the mountain, hut and saltworks in the Prussian state. Third volume, published by Wilhelm Hertz , Berlin 1856.
  6. ↑ R. v. Carnall (Hrsg.): Journal for the mountain, hut and saltworks in the Prussian state. Fourth volume, published by Wilhelm Hertz , Berlin 1857.
  7. ↑ R. v. Carnall (Hrsg.): Journal for the mountain, hut and saltworks in the Prussian state. Fifth volume, published by Wilhelm Hertz , Berlin 1858.
  8. ↑ a b Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Sixth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1858
  9. ↑ a b Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Seventh volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1859.
  10. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eighth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1860.
  11. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Ninth volume, publishing house of the royal secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1861
  12. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Tenth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1862.
  13. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eleventh volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1863.
  14. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Twelfth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1864
  15. ↑ a b Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume fourteenth, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1866
  16. ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eighteenth volume, published by Ernst & Korn, Berlin 1870

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