Zombeck Tower

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Zombeck tower at Barmbek train station in Hamburg

A Zombeck tower (officially: Zombeck air protection tower , colloquially also "round bunker") is a standardized German high-rise bunker type from the Second World War . In 1937 the designer Paul Zombeck patented the type of round tower named after him .

Construction and design

Ascending ramp

A special feature of the Zombeck towers is the ramp inside the tower, which is placed in a spiral around a cylinder core, whereby the internal structure of the towers resembles a snail shell. The gently rising ramp has no steps and is used both for access and as a place to stay. Washrooms and toilets are located in the cylinder core. Due to this design, the Zombeck Towers could accommodate significantly more people in a limited time compared to high bunkers with access via stairwells. Zombeck towers were primarily erected at traffic junctions such as train stations and bridges, where they picked up passengers from stopped trains in the event of an air alarm.

The type B I towers were designed for 500 people, but accommodated more than 1,000 people. The towers were considered splinter-proof and explosion-proof and had a gas lock .

camouflage

Zombeck towers are made of concrete, but mostly have a clinker brick facade . The conical concrete roof, which is supposed to repel bombs, is clad with roof tiles. They gave the population the feeling of a stronghold and were less noticeable in the residential area during air raids. In particular, at prominent locations, stone was used to surround doors ; there was an imperial eagle with a swastika above the main entrance, and on the Hamburg tower on the baumall it is still visible today as an empty area in a wreath.

Locations

Imperial eagle with the swastika removed at Hasselbrook station

Most of the Zombeck towers are still in Hamburg today (see also: Bunker in Hamburg ). Eleven air defense towers of the Zombeck type were built here. There are currently nine of them, all of which are listed :

  • Wiesendamm 7, near the Barmbek train station , built in 1939, the ramp temporarily served as an exhibition space for a furniture company. It has been a listed building since 2003.
  • Vorsetzen 70 on baumall , across from Cap San Diego , built in 1940, has been a listed building since 2003.
  • Rothenbaumchaussee / Moorweide near the Dammtorbahnhof , built in 1940 with a neoclassical facade design, has been a listed building since 2003. The tower is used as a bar.
  • Peutestraße 1, on the south bank of the Norderelbe between Peute and A 255 , built in 1940, has been a listed building since 2004.
  • Prielstraße 9, on the south bank of the Norderelbe between the driveway to the Freihafenelbbrücke (railway) and the A 255 , built in 1941, has been a listed building since 2004.

Not available anymore:

  • The tower built in 1940 at the central bus station in Hamburg (Brockesstraße) was demolished in 2002 as part of the renovation work.
  • Bismarckstrasse (today: Ottenser Hauptstrasse), Ottensen

Towers outside of Hamburg:

The southern Zombeck tower in the Trollseeweg in Flensburg (2014)

literature

Web links

Commons : Zombeck Towers  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Jochen Lambernd: Hamburg is a bunker stronghold. Round bunker with a new function. In: ndr.de. Norddeutscher Rundfunk, December 20, 2016, accessed on February 21, 2017 .
  2. ↑ a b Ndr: Hamburg is a bunker stronghold (page 2). In: ndr.de. June 28, 2014, accessed October 9, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Christina Busse: The history of the stronghold. In: Hamburger Wochenblatt, July 1, 2020, p. 5.
  4. ↑ List of monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, as of April 13, 2010 (PDF; 915 kB) ( Memento from June 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 915 kB), as of March 23, 2009, Monument Protection Office in the Authority for Culture, Sport and Media, p. 209, list of monuments no. 1368. Position: 53 ° 35 ′ 11.6 "  N , 10 ° 2 ′ 41.6"  E
  5. ↑ List of monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, as of April 13, 2010 (PDF; 915 kB) ( Memento from June 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 915 kB), as of March 23, 2009, Monument Protection Office in the Authority for Culture, Sport and media, p. 205, list of monuments no. 1366. Position: 53 ° 32 ′ 38.7 "  N , 9 ° 58 ′ 35.2"  E
  6. ↑ List of monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, as of April 13, 2010 (PDF; 915 kB) ( Memento from June 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 915 kB), as of March 23, 2009, Monument Protection Office in the Authority for Culture, Sport and media, p. 177, list of monuments no. 1367. Position: 53 ° 33 ′ 44 "  N , 9 ° 59 ′ 25.3"  E
  7. ↑ List of monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, as of April 13, 2010 (PDF; 915 kB) ( Memento from June 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 915 kB), as of March 23, 2009, Monument Protection Office in the Authority for Culture, Sport and media, p. 168, list of monuments no. 1442. Position: 53 ° 31 ′ 40.8 "  N , 10 ° 1 ′ 29.2"  E
  8. ↑ List of monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, as of April 13, 2010 (PDF; 915 kB) ( Memento from June 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 915 kB), as of March 23, 2009, Monument Protection Office in the Authority for Culture, Sport and media, p. 170, list of monuments no. 1421. Position: 53 ° 31 ′ 48.9 "  N , 10 ° 1 ′ 18.8"  E
  9. ^ ZOB demolition: Everything went wrong on the first day , Hamburger Abendblatt from June 19, 2001, p. 9
  10. ↑ Jürgen Müller: The underground facilities of the former Reichsbahn repair shop "Franz Stenzer" ( Memento from February 27, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) . In: "Schattenwelt", bulletin of the Berliner Unterwelten eV association, No. 4/2002, ZDB -ID 2138301-7 , pp. 6-9. Position: 52 ° 30 ′ 25.7 ″  N , 13 ° 27 ′ 16.2 ″  E
  11. ↑ The Zombeck Tower: A brief introduction to the Wilhelmshaven air raid shelter . Position: 53 ° 31 ′ 0.4 ″  N , 8 ° 7 ′ 41 ″  E