Arj Barker and Bernard Francis Law: Difference between pages
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{{Infobox Cardinal |
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| name = Arj Barker |
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| name = Bernard Francis Law |
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| title = [[Archbishop of Boston|Cardinal Archbishop Emeritus of Boston]] |
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| image = <!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:Cardinal_law_040502.jpg]] --> |
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| birthdate = {{birth date and age|1971|4|18}} |
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| caption = |
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| location = [[San Francisco, California]], [[United States|U.S.]] |
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| diocese = |
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| birthname = Arjun Singh |
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| see = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Boston]] ([[Emeritus]]) |
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| spouse = |
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| enthroned = [[11 January]] [[1984]] |
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| death_date = |
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| ended = [[13 December]] [[2002]] |
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| predecessor = [[Humberto Sousa Medeiros]] |
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| successor = [[Seán Patrick O'Malley]] |
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| salary = |
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| ordination = |
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| consecration = |
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| website = http://www.arjbarker.com |
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| cardinal = [[25 May]] [[1985]] |
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| notable role =''Dave'' on ''[[Flight of the Conchords]] |
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| rank = |
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| other_post = Bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau |
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| birth_name = |
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| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1931|11|4|df=y}} |
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| birthplace = [[Mexico]] |
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'''Arj Barker''' (born [[April 18]], [[1971]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[stand-up comedy|stand-up comedian]] from [[San Anselmo, California]]. He is relatively well-known among comedy fans in the [[United States]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Europe]]an countries, and many other parts of the world, continuing to tour venues in all these nations.<ref name="chortle">[http://www.chortle.co.uk/comics/a/624/arj_barker Arj Barker's Biography: Chortle :The UK Comedy Guide]</ref>He was born to an engineer father and artist mother, and is half-Indian, half-European.<ref name="chortle" /> His real name is 'Arjun Singh'.<ref>[http://current.com/items/88924508_a_conversation_with_arj_barker Real name and heritage]</ref> |
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'''Bernard Francis Law''' (born [[4 November]] [[1931]] in [[Torreón|Torreón, Mexico]]) is an [[United States of America|American]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. He is the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Archbishop emeritus of Boston]], member of the [[Roman Curia]], [[archpriest]] of the [[Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore]], and [[titular]] [[cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal Priest]] of [[Santa Susanna]], the American Catholic church in [[Rome]]. |
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==Works== |
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Arj Barker has appeared on several television comedy shows since his 1997 appearance on ''[[Premium Blend]]''. Most of his appearances are late-night shows such as ''[[Late Night with Conan O'Brien]]'' and ''[[The Glass House (TV series)|The Glass House]]''. He has had his own ''[[Comedy Central Presents]]'' episode on two occasions, first on 20th September, 2000 and again on 31st March, 2006. He also has appeared on the Australian show, ''[[Thank God You're Here]]'' on 18th October, 2006 and the 19th September, 2007 (the latter of which, he won). |
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He resigned as [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|archbishop of Boston]] on [[13 December]] [[2002]], in response to the [[Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal]]. |
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Barker also co-wrote ''[[The Marijuana-Logues]]'', an [[off-Broadway]] show currently showing in [[New York]] - the title is a parody of production ''[[The Vagina Monologues]]''. [[Doug Benson]] and [[Tony Camin]] also wrote the play, and all three perform in it as the original cast. |
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==Biography== |
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[[NBC]] had given him the lead role for ''[[Nearly Nirvana]]'', a [[sitcom]] originally scheduled for fall 2004. However, Barker was replaced in the lead role by the show's creator, [[Ajay Sahgal]], and then the show never aired.<ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr/television/brief_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000681766 The Vine: NBC finds new 'Nirvana' lead<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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===Early life=== |
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Law, an [[Only children|only child]], was born in [[Torreón|Torreón, Mexico]] on [[4 November]] [[1931]]. His father, a career [[United States Air Force|Air Force]] officer, was stationed at the Torreón United States Air Force base, making Bernard a so-called "[[military brat]]". His mother, Helen, was a [[Religious conversion|convert]] to [[Catholicism]] from [[Presbyterianism]]. |
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He attended schools in [[New York]], [[Florida]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and [[Barranquilla]] ([[Colombia]]), and graduated from Charlotte Amalie High School in [[Saint Thomas, United States Virgin Islands|St. Thomas]], [[Virgin Islands]]. |
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Arj Barker also appears in the [[HBO]] sitcom ''[[Flight of the Conchords (TV series)|Flight of the Conchords]]'', as Dave, Bret and Jemaine's friend, whom they meet after moving to New York.<ref>[http://www.hbo.com/conchords/cast/arj_barker.html HBO: Arj Barker as Dave: Flight of the Conchords<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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He graduated from [[Harvard University]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] with a major in medieval history, before entering priesthood studies at St. Joseph Seminary in St. Benedict, [[Louisiana]], from 1953 to 1955, and the [[Pontifical College Josephinum]] in [[Worthington, Ohio]], from 1955 to 1961. |
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==Style== |
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On [[May 21]] [[1961]] Law was ordained a priest and worked as a priest of [[Natchez, Mississippi|Natchez]]-[[Jackson, Mississippi]]. He served two years as an assistant pastor, and was made the editor of the ''Mismanisha is fatsissippi Register'', the diocesan newspaper. He also held several other diocesan posts from 1963 to 1968, including director of the family life bureau and spiritual director of the minor seminary. |
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Arj Barker could probably be best classified as an observational comedian. Unlike many other observational comics such as [[Jerry Seinfeld]], however, Arj Barker places the typical emphasis on an irrelevant portion of the joke. His actual punchlines are more akin to subtle or absurdist comedians, such as [[Mitch Hedberg]]. Arj is an acomplished piano acordianist, who followed in the footsteps of his Romanian born mother, Stella, who performed in the Bucharest symphany orchestra. |
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== |
===Civil rights activism=== |
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Law was a civil rights activist, and took part in some of the civil rights marches of the times{{when}}{{Fact|date=May 2008}}. He was a member of the Mississippi Leadership Conference and Mississippi Human Relations Council. For his civil rights activities and his strong editorial positions on civil rights in the Mississippi Register, he received death threats {{Fact|date=May 2008}}. |
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Arj also has his own [[Flash animation|Flash]] series, ''Arj and Poopy'', based on some of his stand-up material, that stars him and his cat, Poopy, who talks by farting.<ref>[http://arjandpoopy.com Arj and Poopy<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The series is animated by [[Bernard Derriman]]. The cat has acquired his own MySpace blog, which lists his hobbies as eating, watching TV, paper chains, star gazing, train spotting, golf caddying, bowling, fly fishing and chess.<ref>[http://www.myspace.com/poopythecat MySpace.com - Poopy - 101 - Garçon - San Francisco, CALIFORNIA - www.myspace.com/poopythecat<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The series has been syndicated to [[AtomFilms]].<ref>[http://www.atomfilms.com/films/arj_poopy.jsp AtomFilms: Arj & Poopy series<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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Law received national attention for his work for ecumenism in the Deep South in the 1960s and in 1968 he was tapped for his first national post, as executive director of the U.S. bishops' Secretariat for Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs {{Fact|date=May 2008}}. |
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The episode "Unlucky in Love" won the Annecy 2006 animated film festival Internet Selection.<ref>{{cite web |
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| last = |
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| title = "Unlucky in Love" |
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| work = Annecy 2006: Award Winning Films |
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| publisher = Annecy.org |
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| date = |
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| url = http://www.annecy.org/home/index.php?Page_ID=1655&film_id=20065019&PHPSESSID=62f56e7b6285700e83cdb63eb8ae7cf0 |
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| accessdate =2007-10-21}}</ref> The series also has a planned spin-off called Bouncy the Dog. |
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=== |
===Bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau=== |
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Pope Paul VI named him [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau|bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau]] on [[October 22]] [[1973]] and he was ordained as a [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]] on [[5 December]] [[1973]]. Law's predecessor in Springfield-Cape Girardeau was [[William Wakefield Baum]], another future [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]]. |
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#"Experimentation" |
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#"Venetian Rowing Machine" |
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#"Philosopher" |
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#"Brutally Ambushed" |
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#"Long Distance Relationship" |
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#"Shpants" |
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#"Unlucky in Love" |
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#"Yoga" |
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#"Oh, Christmas tree" |
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#"Congo Windfall" |
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In 1975, he made the news when he arranged for the resettlement in his diocese of one hundred and sixty-six Vietnamese refugees who had arrived in the United States, and who were members of the Vietnamese religious order, the '''Congregation of the Mother Co-Redemptrix'''. |
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== Arj and ''Last Comic Standing'' == |
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Arj was recently featured as a contestant on the first episode of the fifth season of ''[[Last Comic Standing]]'', where he most recently advanced to the Los Angeles semi-final round. He then failed to progress to the final 10 in the semi-final round. |
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In continuing his ecumenical work, Law formed the Missouri Christian Leadership Conference. He was made a member of the [[Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity|Vatican's Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity]] and served from 1976 to 1981 as a consultor to its Commission for Religious Relations with the [[Jews]]. In the late 1970s, Law would also chair the U.S. bishops' Committee on Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs. |
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== Trivia == |
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Arj Barker used to play World of Warcraft, stopping when his Blood Elf Hunter hit Level 32.{{Fact|date=June 2008}} |
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In 1981, Law was named the Vatican delegate to develop and oversee a program instituted by the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] in which [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|U.S. Episcopal priests]] would be accepted into the Catholic priesthood. In the program's first year sixty-four Episcopal priests applied for acceptance. This brought married priests with their families into U.S. Roman Catholic dioceses for the first time (Eastern Catholic Churches, in keeping with their own traditions, have ordained married men to the priesthood for centuries). |
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== References == |
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In this period Law was also a [[pro-life]] activist and spoke out against abortion. During the [[United States presidential election, 1984|1984 presidential race]], when [[Geraldine Ferraro]], who was a Roman Catholic, was the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] [[Vice President of the United States|vice presidential]] candidate, Law and then Archbishop of New York [[John Joseph O'Connor]] both denounced her support of [[abortion]] rights for women. Law called abortion "the critical issue of the moment". |
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===Archbishop of Boston=== |
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[[Image:Cardinal Bernard Law-coa.jpg|thumb|left|Coat of arms of Cardinal Bernard Law, with his motto "To live is Christ", in front of [[Santa Susanna]].]] |
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{{infobox cardinalstyles| |
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cardinal name=Bernard Francis Law| |
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dipstyle=[[His Eminence]]| |
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offstyle=Your Eminence| |
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relstyle=| |
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See=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Boston]] ([[Emeritus]])|}} |
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On [[January 11]] [[1984]], Cardinal Law was appointed Archbishop of Boston, [[prelate]] [[bishop]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Archdiocese of Boston]] by Pope John Paul II. He was installed as Archbishop on [[March 23]] [[1984]]. |
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Only a little over a year later on [[May 25]] [[1985]], he was elevated in consistory as a member of the [[College of Cardinals]], where he was also appointed the [[Cardinal-Priest]] of the ''Titulus [[Santa Susanna|S. Susannae]]''. |
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It was his speech at the 1985 Synod of Bishops marking the 20th anniversary of the end of the Second Vatican Council, that led to development of the '''Catechism of the Catholic Church''' in which Law oversaw the first draft of the English translation. |
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In the mid-1980s, Law chaired the bishops' Committee on Pastoral Research and Practices at the time it distributed a major study report on [[Freemasonry]]. The bishops' report concluded that "the principles and basic rituals of Masonry embody a naturalistic religion, active participation in which is incompatible with Christian faith and practice." |
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In 1989 and 1990 Law visited Cuba. He met with [[Fidel Castro]] in 1990 and in January 1998 he led a delegation of two hundred and forty Bostonians to Cuba during the papal visit there. In 2000 he was part of an inter-American delegation of bishops that met with Castro for more than four hours. |
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During his time as Archbishop he continued to be a constant advocate of the right to life of the unborn. However, in 1995, when [[John Salvi]] attacked two Boston abortion clinics, he urged a moratorium on clinic protests. |
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===Sexual abuse scandal=== |
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Cardinal Law's reign as Archbishop of Boston began in popularity but quickly declined into turbulence towards the end of his term. Allegations and reports of sexual misconduct by priests of the Archdiocese of Boston became widespread causing Roman Catholics in other [[List of the Roman Catholic dioceses of the United States|dioceses of the United States]] to investigate similar situations there. Cardinal Law's actions and inactions prompted public scrutiny of all members of the [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops]] and the steps they had taken in response to past and current allegations of sexual misconduct at the hands of priests. The events in the Archdiocese of Boston exploded into a national [[Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal]]. |
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Grassroots public advocacy groups like [[Voice of the Faithful]] focused on Cardinal Law after documents revealed his extensive role in covering up incidents of sexual misconduct of his priests. For example, Cardinal Law moved [[Paul Shanley]] and [[John Geoghan]] from parish to parish within the diocese despite repeated allegations of molestation of children under the priests' care. Later, it was discovered that Father Shanley even advocated the [[North American Man-Boy Love Association]]. The cardinal in questioning restated the official Vatican position of what has been termed a "sex abuse scandal" in American; that when a priest committed a sex crime the cardinal said his practice was to seek the analysis of [[psychiatrist]]s, clinicians, and therapists in residential treatment centers before deciding whether a priest accused of sexually abusing a child should be returned to the pulpit. |
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In 1987, after at least 23 years of child molesting by Father Joseph Birmingham during which time he was shuffled to various parishes, the mother of an altar boy at St. Anns wrote to Law asking if Birmingham had a history of molesting children. Cardinal Law wrote back "I contacted Father Birmingham. ... He assured me there is absolutely no factual basis to your concern regarding your son and him. From my knowledge of Father Birmingham and my relationship with him, I feel he would tell me the truth and I believe he is speaking the truth in this matter." <ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/handofgod/etc/cron.html Hand of God - PBS.org]</ref> |
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As a result of the unlawful sex, the Archdiocese of Boston lost millions of dollars in fines and settlements. It also funded the legal defense of accused priests. The archdiocese slipped into large financial deficits {{Fact|date=May 2008}}. The Archdiocese closed sixty-five parishes before Cardinal Law stepped down from service. |
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In response to the scandal, over fifty priests signed a letter declaring no confidence in Cardinal Law and asking him to resign - something that had never before happened in the history of the Catholic Church in America {{Fact|date=May 2008}}. |
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Some of Law's statements during the crisis have not been fully questioned. Law's public statements and depositions during the abuse crisis claimed that the Cardinal and RCAB did not initially have the expertise to understand pedophilia and ephebophilia and relied upon doctors' recommendations<ref name=autogenerated3>[http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse/documents/law_depositions.htm Boston Globe / Spotlight / Abuse in the Catholic Church<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. In January 2002, Law stated, "I promulgated a policy to deal with sexual abuse of minors by clergy. This went into effect on Jan. 15, 1993," and also noted that the, "policy has been effective."<ref>[http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse/stories/011002_law_text.htm Boston Globe / Spotlight / Abuse in the Catholic Church / Cardinal Law and the laity<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> His depositions echoed those sentiments.<ref name=autogenerated3 /> |
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However, examples can be found of the failure of this policy. One is the case of the notorious predator priest [[Robert V. Gale]], who was sentenced to 4.5-5 years in prison in 2004 after pleading guilty to repeatedly raping a boy in Waltham during the 1980s.<ref>[http://www.nashuatelegraph.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20041202/NEWS02/112020053/-1/news Nashuatelegraph.com: Priest sentenced for raping altar boy<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref name=autogenerated4>[http://www.dailynewstranscript.com/archive/x491961956 Priest who raped altar boy gets 4 to 5 years in jail - Norwood, MA - The Daily News Transcript<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Shortly before the 1993 policy took effect, Gale (who had been treated in 1987 following years of abusing children<ref>[http://www.dailycollegian.com/home/index.cfm?event=displayArticlePrinterFriendly&uStory_id=5b2fd9dd-7084-4ee1-8e46-70b003545714 The Daily Collegian - Former priest, convicted rapist sentenced to 4 1/2 to 5 years<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref name=autogenerated2>[http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse/stories3/082802_priest.htm Boston Globe / Spotlight / Abuse in the Catholic Church / Scandal and coverup<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>http://www.bishop-accountability.org/ma-boston/archives/PatternAndPractice/0033-SchultzAffadavit.pdf</ref><ref>[http://www.bishop-accountability.org/NH-Manchester/archives/archives.html Bishop Accountability<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>) had begun a restricted ministry<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.foxnews.com/projects/pdf/072303_mass_ag_church.pdf The Sexual Abuse of Children in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>, living at St. Monica's in South Boston while studying at UMass. Documents that have been released<ref>[http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse/stories3/091302_records.htm Boston Globe / Spotlight / Abuse in the Catholic Church / Scandal and coverup<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> show that Gale's placement was one of the first reviewed after the initiation of the 1993 policy. Cardinal Law, who had the ultimate authority, signed off on letting Gale remain at St. Monica's. An adolescent reported that Gale abused him in his room/office in the rectory just a few months after Law's decision was made.<ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref name=autogenerated1 /> <ref name=autogenerated4 /> Though Law's later apologies were marginally more substantial<ref>[http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse/stories3/110402_text.htm Boston Globe / Spotlight / Abuse in the Catholic Church / Cardinal Law and the laity<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>, he has not answered questions about how examples like these provide evidence of the 1993 policy being "effective". |
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===Resignation=== |
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Law submitted his resignation to the [[Holy See|Vatican]] and [[Pope John Paul II]] accepted his resignation on [[December 13]], [[2002]]. |
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In a statement and apology Cardinal Law said, "To all those who have suffered from my shortcomings and mistakes I both apologize and from them beg forgiveness". He remained cardinal, which is a separate appointment, and participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]]. |
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==Papal promotion == |
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After his resignation, John Paul appointed Law to several authoritative positions in [[Rome]] and the Vatican.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DEEDA103EF93BA15756C0A9629C8B63 "Cardinal Law Given Post In Rome"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[May 28]], [[2004]]. Accessed [[April 11]], [[2008]].</ref> He is currently the [[archpriest]] of the [[Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore]]. He is also a member of the Congregations of [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches|Oriental Churches]], [[Congregation for the Clergy|Clergy]], [[Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments|Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments]], [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples|Evangelisation of Peoples]], [[Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life|Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life]], [[Congregation for Catholic Education|Catholic Education]], [[Congregation for Bishops|Bishops]] as well as the [[Pontifical Council for the Family]]. This is a large number of organisations for any cardinal to be involved in and is partly due to residing in Rome. |
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== Episcopal Succession == |
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{{Episcopal_Succession | |
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| date of consecration=[[December 5]] [[1973]] |
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| consecrated by=[[Joseph Bernard Brunini]] |
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| bishopconsecrated1 = bishopconsecrated1 |
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| bishop 1=[[Tomás Andrés Mauro Muldoon]] |
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| consecration date 1=[[October 8]] [[1984]] |
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| bishopconsecrated2 = bishopconsecrated2 |
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| bishop 2=[[Robert Joseph Banks (Catholic Bishop)|Robert Joseph Banks]] |
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| consecration date 2=[[September 19]] [[1985]] |
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| bishopconsecrated3 = bishopconsecrated3 |
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| bishop 3=[[Roberto González Nieves]] |
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| consecration date 3=[[October 3]] [[1988]] |
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| bishopconsecrated4 = bishopconsecrated4 |
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| bishop 4=[[John Richard McNamara]] |
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| consecration date 4=[[May 21]] [[1992]] |
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| bishopconsecrated5 = bishopconsecrated5 |
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| bishop 5=[[John Patrick Boles]] |
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| consecration date 5=[[May 21]] [[1992]] |
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| bishopconsecrated6 = bishopconsecrated6 |
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| bishop 6=[[John Brendan McCormack]] |
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| consecration date 6=[[December 27]] [[1995]] |
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| bishopconsecrated7 = bishopconsecrated7 |
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| bishop 7=[[William Murphy (Bishop)|William Francis Murphy]] |
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| consecration date 7=[[December 27]] [[1995]] |
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| bishopconsecrated8 = bishopconsecrated8 |
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| bishop 8=[[Francis Xavier Irwin]] |
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| consecration date 8=[[September 17]] [[1996]] |
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| bishopconsecrated9 = bishopconsecrated9 |
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| bishop 9=[[Emilio Simeon Alluè]] |
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| consecration date 9=[[September 17]] [[1996]] |
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| bishopconsecrated10 = bishopconsecrated10 |
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| bishop 10=[[Richard Joseph Malone]] |
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| consecration date 10=[[March 1]] [[2000]] |
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| bishopconsecrated11 = bishopconsecrated11 |
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| bishop 11=[[Walter James Edyvean]] |
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| consecration date 11=[[September 14]] [[2001]] |
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| bishopconsecrated12 = bishopconsecrated12 |
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| bishop 12=[[Richard Lennon|Richard Gerard Lennon]] |
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| consecration date 12=[[September 14]] [[2001]] |
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| bishopconsecrated13 = null |
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| bishop 13= |
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| consecration date 13= |
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| bishopconsecrated14 = null |
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| bishop 14= |
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| bishopconsecrated15 = null |
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| bishopconsecrated16 = null |
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| bishop 16= |
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| consecration date 16= |
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| bishopconsecrated17 = null |
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| bishop 17= |
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| consecration date 17= |
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| bishopconsecrated18 = null |
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| bishop 18= |
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| consecration date 18= |
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| bishopconsecrated19 = null |
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| bishop 19= |
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| consecration date 19= |
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| bishopconsecrated20 = null |
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| bishop 20= |
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| consecration date 20= |
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}} |
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==See also== |
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*[[Roman Catholic sex abuse cases]] |
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*[[Roman Catholic sex abuse cases#Roman Catholic priests accused of sex offenses|Roman Catholic priests accused of sex offenses]] |
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*[[Crimen sollicitationis]] |
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*[[Pontifical Secret]] |
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*[[Deliver Us from Evil (2006 film)]] |
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*[[Panorama (TV series)#Sex Crimes and the Vatican|Sex Crimes and the Vatican]] (Panorama Documentary Episode) |
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*[[Barbara Blaine]] founder of SNAP (Survivors Network for those Abused by Priests) |
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*[[Red Hot Catholic Love]], ''South Park'' television episode |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.catholicherald.com/cns/law-bio.htm Cardinal Bernard Law Biography] |
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*[http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse/ The Boston Globe] |
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*[http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_law_bf_en.html The Vatican's official site for him] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{start box}} |
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== External links == |
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{{succession box | |
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*[http://arjbarker.com Official website] |
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title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau|Bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau]] | |
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*{{myspace|arjbarker|Arj Barker}} |
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before=[[William Wakefield Baum]] | |
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*{{imdb name|id=0054826|name=Arj Barker}} |
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after=[[John Joseph Leibrecht]] | |
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*[http://onetrickpony.ws/arj_barker Interview From October 2005] |
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years=1973–1984 }} |
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*[http://onetrickpony.ws/arjbarker2 Interview From January 2007] |
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{{succession box | |
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*[http://www.wickedinfo.com/content/view/87/61/ Interview with WickedInfo.com] |
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title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston|Archbishop of Boston]] | |
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*[http://current.com/items/88924508_a_conversation_with_arj_barker Interview with Arj Barker. Confirms heritage and real name] |
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before=[[Humberto Sousa Medeiros]] | |
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{{Flight of the Conchords}} |
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after=[[Sean O'Malley]], [[OFM Cap]] | |
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years=1984–2002 }} |
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title=[[Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore|Archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore]] | |
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[[Category:1931 births|Law, Bernard Francis]] |
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Revision as of 02:28, 13 October 2008
Bernard Francis Law | |
|---|---|
| Cardinal Archbishop Emeritus of Boston | |
| See | Boston (Emeritus) |
| Installed | 11 January 1984 |
| Term ended | 13 December 2002 |
| Predecessor | Humberto Sousa Medeiros |
| Successor | Seán Patrick O'Malley |
| Other post(s) | Bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau |
| Orders | |
| Created cardinal | 25 May 1985 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 4 November 1931 |
Bernard Francis Law (born 4 November 1931 in Torreón, Mexico) is an American Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the Archbishop emeritus of Boston, member of the Roman Curia, archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, and titular Cardinal Priest of Santa Susanna, the American Catholic church in Rome.
He resigned as archbishop of Boston on 13 December 2002, in response to the Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal.
Biography
Early life
Law, an only child, was born in Torreón, Mexico on 4 November 1931. His father, a career Air Force officer, was stationed at the Torreón United States Air Force base, making Bernard a so-called "military brat". His mother, Helen, was a convert to Catholicism from Presbyterianism.
He attended schools in New York, Florida, Georgia, and Barranquilla (Colombia), and graduated from Charlotte Amalie High School in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands.
He graduated from Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts with a major in medieval history, before entering priesthood studies at St. Joseph Seminary in St. Benedict, Louisiana, from 1953 to 1955, and the Pontifical College Josephinum in Worthington, Ohio, from 1955 to 1961.
On May 21 1961 Law was ordained a priest and worked as a priest of Natchez-Jackson, Mississippi. He served two years as an assistant pastor, and was made the editor of the Mismanisha is fatsissippi Register, the diocesan newspaper. He also held several other diocesan posts from 1963 to 1968, including director of the family life bureau and spiritual director of the minor seminary.
Civil rights activism
Law was a civil rights activist, and took part in some of the civil rights marches of the times[when?][citation needed]. He was a member of the Mississippi Leadership Conference and Mississippi Human Relations Council. For his civil rights activities and his strong editorial positions on civil rights in the Mississippi Register, he received death threats [citation needed].
Law received national attention for his work for ecumenism in the Deep South in the 1960s and in 1968 he was tapped for his first national post, as executive director of the U.S. bishops' Secretariat for Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs [citation needed].
Bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau
Pope Paul VI named him bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau on October 22 1973 and he was ordained as a bishop on 5 December 1973. Law's predecessor in Springfield-Cape Girardeau was William Wakefield Baum, another future cardinal.
In 1975, he made the news when he arranged for the resettlement in his diocese of one hundred and sixty-six Vietnamese refugees who had arrived in the United States, and who were members of the Vietnamese religious order, the Congregation of the Mother Co-Redemptrix.
In continuing his ecumenical work, Law formed the Missouri Christian Leadership Conference. He was made a member of the Vatican's Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity and served from 1976 to 1981 as a consultor to its Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews. In the late 1970s, Law would also chair the U.S. bishops' Committee on Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs.
In 1981, Law was named the Vatican delegate to develop and oversee a program instituted by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in which U.S. Episcopal priests would be accepted into the Catholic priesthood. In the program's first year sixty-four Episcopal priests applied for acceptance. This brought married priests with their families into U.S. Roman Catholic dioceses for the first time (Eastern Catholic Churches, in keeping with their own traditions, have ordained married men to the priesthood for centuries).
In this period Law was also a pro-life activist and spoke out against abortion. During the 1984 presidential race, when Geraldine Ferraro, who was a Roman Catholic, was the Democratic vice presidential candidate, Law and then Archbishop of New York John Joseph O'Connor both denounced her support of abortion rights for women. Law called abortion "the critical issue of the moment".
Archbishop of Boston
| Styles of Bernard Francis Law | |
|---|---|
.svg) | |
| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Informal style | Cardinal |
| See | Boston (Emeritus) |
On January 11 1984, Cardinal Law was appointed Archbishop of Boston, prelate bishop of the Archdiocese of Boston by Pope John Paul II. He was installed as Archbishop on March 23 1984.
Only a little over a year later on May 25 1985, he was elevated in consistory as a member of the College of Cardinals, where he was also appointed the Cardinal-Priest of the Titulus S. Susannae.
It was his speech at the 1985 Synod of Bishops marking the 20th anniversary of the end of the Second Vatican Council, that led to development of the Catechism of the Catholic Church in which Law oversaw the first draft of the English translation.
In the mid-1980s, Law chaired the bishops' Committee on Pastoral Research and Practices at the time it distributed a major study report on Freemasonry. The bishops' report concluded that "the principles and basic rituals of Masonry embody a naturalistic religion, active participation in which is incompatible with Christian faith and practice."
In 1989 and 1990 Law visited Cuba. He met with Fidel Castro in 1990 and in January 1998 he led a delegation of two hundred and forty Bostonians to Cuba during the papal visit there. In 2000 he was part of an inter-American delegation of bishops that met with Castro for more than four hours.
During his time as Archbishop he continued to be a constant advocate of the right to life of the unborn. However, in 1995, when John Salvi attacked two Boston abortion clinics, he urged a moratorium on clinic protests.
Sexual abuse scandal
Cardinal Law's reign as Archbishop of Boston began in popularity but quickly declined into turbulence towards the end of his term. Allegations and reports of sexual misconduct by priests of the Archdiocese of Boston became widespread causing Roman Catholics in other dioceses of the United States to investigate similar situations there. Cardinal Law's actions and inactions prompted public scrutiny of all members of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and the steps they had taken in response to past and current allegations of sexual misconduct at the hands of priests. The events in the Archdiocese of Boston exploded into a national Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal.
Grassroots public advocacy groups like Voice of the Faithful focused on Cardinal Law after documents revealed his extensive role in covering up incidents of sexual misconduct of his priests. For example, Cardinal Law moved Paul Shanley and John Geoghan from parish to parish within the diocese despite repeated allegations of molestation of children under the priests' care. Later, it was discovered that Father Shanley even advocated the North American Man-Boy Love Association. The cardinal in questioning restated the official Vatican position of what has been termed a "sex abuse scandal" in American; that when a priest committed a sex crime the cardinal said his practice was to seek the analysis of psychiatrists, clinicians, and therapists in residential treatment centers before deciding whether a priest accused of sexually abusing a child should be returned to the pulpit.
In 1987, after at least 23 years of child molesting by Father Joseph Birmingham during which time he was shuffled to various parishes, the mother of an altar boy at St. Anns wrote to Law asking if Birmingham had a history of molesting children. Cardinal Law wrote back "I contacted Father Birmingham. ... He assured me there is absolutely no factual basis to your concern regarding your son and him. From my knowledge of Father Birmingham and my relationship with him, I feel he would tell me the truth and I believe he is speaking the truth in this matter." [1]
As a result of the unlawful sex, the Archdiocese of Boston lost millions of dollars in fines and settlements. It also funded the legal defense of accused priests. The archdiocese slipped into large financial deficits [citation needed]. The Archdiocese closed sixty-five parishes before Cardinal Law stepped down from service.
In response to the scandal, over fifty priests signed a letter declaring no confidence in Cardinal Law and asking him to resign - something that had never before happened in the history of the Catholic Church in America [citation needed].
Some of Law's statements during the crisis have not been fully questioned. Law's public statements and depositions during the abuse crisis claimed that the Cardinal and RCAB did not initially have the expertise to understand pedophilia and ephebophilia and relied upon doctors' recommendations[2]. In January 2002, Law stated, "I promulgated a policy to deal with sexual abuse of minors by clergy. This went into effect on Jan. 15, 1993," and also noted that the, "policy has been effective."[3] His depositions echoed those sentiments.[2]
However, examples can be found of the failure of this policy. One is the case of the notorious predator priest Robert V. Gale, who was sentenced to 4.5-5 years in prison in 2004 after pleading guilty to repeatedly raping a boy in Waltham during the 1980s.[4][5] Shortly before the 1993 policy took effect, Gale (who had been treated in 1987 following years of abusing children[6][7][8][9]) had begun a restricted ministry[10], living at St. Monica's in South Boston while studying at UMass. Documents that have been released[11] show that Gale's placement was one of the first reviewed after the initiation of the 1993 policy. Cardinal Law, who had the ultimate authority, signed off on letting Gale remain at St. Monica's. An adolescent reported that Gale abused him in his room/office in the rectory just a few months after Law's decision was made.[7][10] [5] Though Law's later apologies were marginally more substantial[12], he has not answered questions about how examples like these provide evidence of the 1993 policy being "effective".
Resignation
Law submitted his resignation to the Vatican and Pope John Paul II accepted his resignation on December 13, 2002.
In a statement and apology Cardinal Law said, "To all those who have suffered from my shortcomings and mistakes I both apologize and from them beg forgiveness". He remained cardinal, which is a separate appointment, and participated in the 2005 papal conclave.
Papal promotion
After his resignation, John Paul appointed Law to several authoritative positions in Rome and the Vatican.[13] He is currently the archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. He is also a member of the Congregations of Oriental Churches, Clergy, Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments, Evangelisation of Peoples, Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, Catholic Education, Bishops as well as the Pontifical Council for the Family. This is a large number of organisations for any cardinal to be involved in and is partly due to residing in Rome.
Episcopal Succession
Ordination history of Bernard Francis Law | |||||||||
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See also
- Roman Catholic sex abuse cases
- Roman Catholic priests accused of sex offenses
- Crimen sollicitationis
- Pontifical Secret
- Deliver Us from Evil (2006 film)
- Sex Crimes and the Vatican (Panorama Documentary Episode)
- Barbara Blaine founder of SNAP (Survivors Network for those Abused by Priests)
- Red Hot Catholic Love, South Park television episode
External links
References
- ^ Hand of God - PBS.org
- ^ a b Boston Globe / Spotlight / Abuse in the Catholic Church
- ^ Boston Globe / Spotlight / Abuse in the Catholic Church / Cardinal Law and the laity
- ^ Nashuatelegraph.com: Priest sentenced for raping altar boy
- ^ a b Priest who raped altar boy gets 4 to 5 years in jail - Norwood, MA - The Daily News Transcript
- ^ The Daily Collegian - Former priest, convicted rapist sentenced to 4 1/2 to 5 years
- ^ a b Boston Globe / Spotlight / Abuse in the Catholic Church / Scandal and coverup
- ^ http://www.bishop-accountability.org/ma-boston/archives/PatternAndPractice/0033-SchultzAffadavit.pdf
- ^ Bishop Accountability
- ^ a b The Sexual Abuse of Children in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston
- ^ Boston Globe / Spotlight / Abuse in the Catholic Church / Scandal and coverup
- ^ Boston Globe / Spotlight / Abuse in the Catholic Church / Cardinal Law and the laity
- ^ "Cardinal Law Given Post In Rome", The New York Times, May 28, 2004. Accessed April 11, 2008.