Epic poetry and King (T.I. album): Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Album <!--See Wikipedia:WikiProject Albums-->
{{for|other meanings of epic|Epic}}
|Name = King
[[Image:GilgameshTablet.jpg|right|thumb|Tablet containing a fragment of the epic ''Gilgamesh'']]
|Type = studio
{{Literature}}
|Artist = [[T.I.]]
An '''epic''' is a lengthy [[narrative poem]], ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation.<ref>Michael Meyer, ''The Bedford Introduction to Literature'', Bedford/St. Martin's, 2005, p2128. ISBN 0-312-41242-8 </ref> [[Oral poetry]] may qualify as an epic, although even the works of such great poets as [[Homer]], [[Virgil]], [[Dante Alighieri]] and [[John Milton]] would be unlikely to have survived without being written down. The first epics are known as primary, or original, epics. Epics that attempt to imitate these like [[Virgil|Virgil's]] ''The Aeneid'' and [[John Milton|John Milton's]] ''Paradise Lost'' are known as literary, or secondary, epics. One such epic is the Anglo-Saxon story Beowulf.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia
|Cover = King_(album).jpg
| title = epic
|Released = [[March 28]], [[2006]] ([[United States|U.S.]])
| encyclopedia = The Columbia Encyclopedia
|Recorded = 2005–2006
| edition = 6
|Genre = [[Southern hip hop]]
| publisher = Columbia University Press
|Length = 75:41
| location = New York
|Label = [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]], [[Grand Hustle Records|Grand Hustle]] |
| date = 2004
|Producer = [[T.I.]] <small>([[Executive producer#Music|exec.]])</small>, Jason Geter <small>(co-exec.)</small>, [[Just Blaze]], [[Mannie Fresh]], [[Swizz Beatz]], [[Grand Hustle Records#DJ.27s.2F_Producers|Grand Hustle Team]], [[Travis Barker]], [[Pharrell]], Nick Fury, [[DJ Toomp]]
| accessdate = 2007-09-25 }}</ref>
|Reviews = * ''[[Allmusic]]'' {{rating|4.5|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:14rb288w055a link]
Another type of '''epic poetry''' is ''[[:wikt:epyllion|epyllion]]'' (plural: epyllia) which is a brief [[narrative]] [[poem]] with a [[romanticism|romantic]] or [[mythological]] [[Theme (literature)|theme]]. The term, which means 'little [[:wikt:epic|epic]]', came in use in the Nineteenth century. It refers primarily to the type of erotic and mythological long elegy of which [[Ovid]] remains the master; to a lesser degree, the term includes some poems of the [[English Renaissance]], particularly those influenced by Ovid. One suggested example of [[Classical antiquity|classical]] epyllion may be seen in the story of Nisus and Euryalus in Book IX of ''[[The Aeneid]]''.
* [[Okayplayer]] {{rating|4.5|5}} [http://www.okayplayer.com/reviews/index.php/weblog/more/king/ link]
* ''[[Pitchfork Media]]'' (8.4/10)[http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/record_review/22827/T_I_King link]
* ''[[Pop Matters]]'' {{rating|9.5|10}} [http://www.popmatters.com/pm/music/reviews/ti_king/ link]
* RapReviews.com {{rating|8.5|10}} [http://www.rapreviews.com/archive/2006_04F_king.html link]
* ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' {{rating|2|5}} [http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/9486084/review/9597773/king link]
* ''[[Stylus Magazine]]'' B<small>+</small> [http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/ti/king.htm link]
|Last album = ''[[Urban Legend (album)|Urban Legend]]''<br>(2004)
|This album = '''''King'''''<br>(2006)
|Next album = ''[[T.I. vs. T.I.P.]]''<br>(2007)
|Misc = {{Singles
|Name = King
|Type = studio
|single 1 = Ride With Me (promo)
|single 1 date = [[January 24]], [[2006]]
|single 2 = [[Front Back]] (promo)
|single 2 date =
|single 3 = [[What You Know]]
|single 3 date = [[February 28]], [[2006]]
|single 4 = [[Why You Wanna]]
|single 4 date = [[April 18]], [[2006]]
|single 5 = [[Live in the Sky]]
|single 5 date = [[September 4]], [[2006]]
|single 6 = [[Top Back]]
|single 6 date = [[December 12]], [[2006]]
}}}}


'''''King''''' is a [[Grammy]]-nominated album from [[hip hop music|hip hop]] artist [[T.I.]] It was released on [[March 28]], [[2006]] in the [[United States]].
==Oral epics or world folk epics==
The first epics were products of [[literacy|preliterate]] [[societies]] and [[oral history|oral poetic traditions]]. In these traditions, poetry is transmitted to the audience and from performer to performer by purely oral means.


==History==
Early twentieth-century study of living oral epic traditions in the [[Balkans]] by [[Milman Parry]] and [[Albert Lord]] demonstrated the [[Parataxis|paratactic]] model used for composing these poems. What they demonstrated was that oral epics tend to be constructed in short episodes, each of equal status, interest and importance. This facilitates memorization, as the poet is recalling each episode in turn and using the completed episodes to recreate the entire epic as he performs it.
It features guest appearances by [[Pharrell]], George Suchy, [[Common (rapper)|Common]], [[B.G. (rapper)|B.G.]], [[UGK]], [[Jamie Foxx]], [[Young Jeezy]], [[Grand Hustle Records|P$C]], [[Governor (singer)|Governor]] and [[Young Dro]] and production by [[Just Blaze]], Pharrell Williams, [[Mannie Fresh]], [[Swizz Beatz]], [[DJ Toomp]], [[Travis Barker]], Caviar, Stanley Jones and [[Grand Hustle Records|Khao]]. His close relative Dillon Weir a.k.a Dx3 Dillon Da Don produced many of the tracks.


===Chart performance===
Parry and Lord also showed that the most likely source for written texts of the epics of [[Homer]] was dictation from an oral performance.
''King'' debuted at number one on the [[Billboard 200]] selling over 523,407 copies on its first week from the promotion of his debut movie ''[[ATL (film)|ATL]]'' and smash single, [[What You Know|"What You Know"]] and went platinum in one month. It was one of few rap albums to go platinum in 2006.<ref>''Sound of the Summer'', [[The Source (magazine)|The Source]] #211, p53</ref> The album has sold over 2 million in the U.S.<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/2007/08/15/hip-hop-millionaires-biz-cx_lg_0816hiphop_slide_13.html?thisSpeed=30000 By The Numbers: Hip Hop Cash Kings]. Accessed [[December 22]], [[2007]].</ref>


The album was nominated for [[Best Rap Album]] at the [[Grammy Awards of 2007|2007 Grammy Awards]].
<blockquote>Epic: a long narrative poem in elevated stature presenting characters of high position in adventures forming an organic whole through their relation to a central heroic figure and through their development of episodes important to the history of a nation or race.</blockquote>


==Track listing==
Epics have nine main characteristics:
All skits are produced by Kannon "Caviar" Cross and Stan the Guitar Man. The clean version of the album comes with the skits removed due to explicity.
# opens [[In medias res|in Media Res]]
{| class="wikitable"
# The setting is vast, covering many nations, the world, or the universe.
!align="center"|#
# begins with an invocation to a muse
!align="center"|Title
# starts with a statement of the theme
!align="center"|Feature guest(s)
# the use of epithets.
!align="center"|Producer(s)
# includes long lists.
!align="center"|Length
# features long and formal speeches.
|-
# shows divine intervention on human affairs.
| 1. || "King Back" || || [[Just Blaze]] ||4:12
# "Star" heroes that embody the values of the civilization.
|-
| 2. || "[[Front Back]]" || [[UGK]] || [[Mannie Fresh]] || 3:42
|-
| 3. || "[[What You Know]]" || || [[DJ Toomp]] Co-produced by Wonder || 4:34
|-
| 4. || "I'm Talkin' to You/(Skit)"|| || Just Blaze/Dx3 || 5:40
|-
| 5. || "[[Live in the Sky]]" || [[Jamie Foxx]] || Keith Mack/Dx3 || 5:46
|-
| 6. || "Ride Wit Me" || || Keith Mack || 4:04
|-
| 7. || "The Breakup (Skit)" || |||| 1:58
|-
| 8. || "[[Why You Wanna]]" || || [[Grand Hustle Records|Khao]] || 3:37
|-
| 9. || "Get It" || || [[Swizz Beatz]] || 3:40
|-
| 10. || "[[Top Back]]" || || Mannie Fresh || 4:42
|-
| 11. || "I'm Straight/Pimp C (Skit)" ||[[B.G. (rapper)|B.G.]] & [[Young Jeezy]] || Nick Fury || 6:35
|-
| 12. || "Undertaker"|| [[Young Buck]] & [[Young Dro]] || Khao ||4:13
|-
| 13. || "Stand Up Guy" || || Dx3 || 3:16
|-
| 14. || "You Know Who" || || Tony Galvin, co-produced by [[Travis Barker]] || 2:54
|-
| 15. || "Goodlife/Phone Call (Skit)"|| [[Pharrell]] & [[Common (rapper)|Common]]|| [[The Neptunes]] || 4:28
|-
| 16. || "Hello" || [[Governor (singer)|Governor]] || Khao || 3:34
|-
| 17. || "Told You So" || || Dx3 || 4:22
|-
| 18. || "Bankhead"|| [[Grand Hustle Records|P$C]] and Young Dro || DJ Toomp || 4:26
|-
| 19. || "Drug Related" <br> <small>(bonus track for [[Japan]])</small>|| || Chad "Wes" Hamilton || 3:39
|}


==Limited Edition DVD Release==
The hero generally participates in a cyclical journey or quest, faces adversaries that try to defeat him in his journey, and returns home significantly transformed by his journey. The epic hero illustrates traits, performs deeds, and exemplifies certain morals that are valued by the society from which the epic originates. Many epic heroes are [[recurring character]]s in the legends of their native culture.
The DVD includes:
*Live concert footage from Houston, Texas.
*Music Video of [[Front Back]] featuring [[UGK]].
*A special slide show to accompany the audio of '''Drive Slow Remix''' (featuring [[Kanye West]], [[Paul Wall]], & [[GLC (rapper)|GLC]]).


==Sample credits==
Conventions of Epics:
*[[What You Know]]: Contains interpolations from "Gone Away" [Donny Hathaway, Curtis Mayfield, & Leroy Hutson].
# ''[[Praepositio]]'': Opens by stating the theme or cause of the epic. This may take the form of a purpose (as in [[Milton]], who proposed "to justify the ways of God to men"); of a question (as in the [[Iliad]], where [[Homer]] asks the Muse which god it was who caused the [[Trojan War|war]]); or of a situation (as in the [[Chanson de Roland|Song of Roland]], with [[Charlemagne]] in Spain).
*[[Why You Wanna]]: The chorus samples [[Q-Tip (rapper)|Q-Tip]]'s vocals from [[Got 'Til It's Gone]] with [[Janet Jackson]] and it samples a slowed-down keyboard chord from [[Crystal Waters]]' "[[Gypsy Woman (She's Homeless)]]".
# ''[[Invocation]]'': Writer invokes a [[Muse]], one of the nine daughters of [[Zeus]]. The poet prays to the Muses to provide him with divine inspiration to tell the story of a great hero. (This convention is obviously restricted to cultures which were influenced by Classical culture: the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]], for example, or the [[Bhagavata Purana]] would obviously not contain this element)
*Hello: [[The Isley Brothers]]' song "Hello, It's Me".
# ''[[In medias res]]'': narrative opens "in the middle of things", with the hero at his lowest point. Usually flashbacks show earlier portions of the story.
*[[Front Back]]: Contains excerpts from "Front Back Side To Side" written by Chad Butler
# ''[[Enumeratio]]'': Catalogues and genealogies are given. These long lists of objects, places, and people place the finite action of the epic within a broader, universal context. Often, the poet is also paying homage to the ancestors of audience members.
*King Back: Samples the theme song from the film "The Exorcist" as well as "Sting Of The Serpent" written by Ray Davies.
# ''[[Epithet]]'': Heavy use of repetition or stock phrases: e.g., [[Epithets in Homer|Homer]]'s "rosy-fingered dawn" and "wine-dark sea."
* Get It: Contains samples from "Mollo Tutto" written by Enrico Simonetti, Antonio Murri, & Dino Verdi
*You Know Who: Contains samples from the composition "Fight Back", by [[Solomon Burke]], off the Cool Breeze OST (blaxploitation movie).
*Bankhead: Contains interpolations of "Exodus (Main Theme)"
*Drug Related: Contains excerpts from "Love Me Back" written by Willie Hutch.


==Album charts==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
Literate societies have often copied the epic format; the earliest European examples of which the text survives are the ''[[Argonautica]]'' of [[Apollonius of Rhodes]] and Virgil's ''[[Aeneid]]'', which follow both the style and subject matter of [[Homer]]. Other obvious examples are [[Nonnus|Nonnus' ''Dionysiaca'']], [[Tulsidas]]' ''[[Sri Ramacharit Manas]]''.
!align="left"|Chart (2006)

!align="left"|Position
==Notable epic poems==
|-
[[Image:Beowulf.firstpage.jpeg|right|300px|thumb|The first page of the ''[[Beowulf]]'' manuscript]]
|align="left"|U.S. [[Billboard 200]]
:''This list can be compared with two others, ''[[national epic]]'' and ''[[list of world folk-epics]]''.''<ref>According to that article, world folk epics are those which are not just literary [[masterpiece]]s but also an integral part of the [[world view]] of a people, originally oral, later written down by one or several authors.</ref>
|align="center"|1

|-
===Ancient epics (to 500)===
|align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]]
*20th to 18th century BC:
|align="center"|1
**''[[Epic of Gilgamesh]]'' ([[Mesopotamian mythology]])
|-
**''[[Atra-Hasis|Atrahasis]]'' (Mesopotamian mythology)
|align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' Top Rap Albums
*8th to 6th century BC:
|align="center"|1
**''[[Enuma Elish]]'' ([[Babylonian mythology]])
|-
**''[[Iliad]]'', ascribed to [[Homer]] ([[Greek mythology]])
|align="left"|New Zealand Top 40
**''[[Odyssey]]'', ascribed to Homer (Greek mythology)
|align="center"|2
**''[[Works and Days]]'', ascribed to [[Hesiod]] (Greek mythology)
|-
**Lost Greek epics ascribed to the [[Cyclic poets]]:
|align="left"|[[Canadian Albums Chart]]
***[[Epic Cycle]] including ''[[Cypria]]'', ''[[Aethiopis]]'', ''[[Little Iliad]]'', ''[[Sack of Troy]]'', ''[[Nostoi|Return from Troy]]'', ''[[Telegony]]''
|align="center"|24
***[[Theban Cycle]] including ''Oedipodea'', ''[[Thebaid (Greek poem)|Thebaid]]'', ''[[Epigoni (epic)]]'', ''[[Alcmeonis]]''
|-
***Others: ''[[Titanomachy]]'', ''Heracleia'', ''Capture of Oechalia'', ''[[Naupactia]]'', ''Phocais'', ''[[Minyas (poem)|Minyas]]'', ''Danais'
|align="left"|French Album Chart
*5th to 4th century BC:
|align="center"|36
**''[[Mahabharata]]'', ascribed to [[Vyasa]] (Hindu mythology) (5th to 1st century BC)
|-
**''[[Ramayana]]'', ascribed to [[Valmiki]] (Hindu mythology) (5th century BC to 4th century AD)
|align="left"|Japanese Album Chart
**Lost Greek epics: poems by [[Aristeas]] (''Arimaspeia''), [[Asius|Asius of Samos]], Chersias of [[Orchomenus]]
|align="center"|26
**The [[Book of Job]]
|-
*3rd century BC:
|align="left"|Switzerland Album Chart
**''[[Argonautica]]'' by [[Apollonius of Rhodes]]
|align="center"|99
*2nd century BC:
|-
**''[[Annales]]'' by [[Ennius]] (lost)
|align="left"|[[UK Albums Chart]]
*1st century BC:
|align="center"|83
**''[[Aeneid]]'' by [[Virgil]]
|-
**''[[Táin Bó Cúailnge]]{{Fact|date=September 2008}}
|align="left"|United World Chart
*1st century AD:
|align="center"|1
**''[[Metamorphoses (poem)|Metamorphoses]]'' by [[Ovid]]
|}
**''[[Pharsalia]]'' (''Bellum Civile'' or [[Roman Republic#The Civil War and Caesar.27s dictatorship|Civil War]]) by [[Marcus Annaeus Lucanus|Lucan]]
**''Punica'' (''Bellum Punicum'' or [[Second Punic War|Punic War]]) by [[Silius Italicus]]
**''[[Argonautica]]'' by [[Gaius Valerius Flaccus]]
**''[[Thebaid (Latin poem)|Thebaid]]'' by [[Statius]]
*2nd century:
**''[[Buddhacarita]]'' by {{unicode|[[Asvaghosa|Aśvaghoṣa]]}} ([[Indian epic poetry]])
**''Saundaranandakavya'' by {{unicode|Aśvaghoṣa}} (Indian epic poetry)
*2nd to 5th century:
**[[The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature]]:
***''[[Cilappatikaram]]'' by Prince [[Ilango Adigal]]
***''[[Manimekalai]]'' by Seethalai Saathanar
***''[[Civaka Cintamani]]'' by [[Tirutakakatevar]]
***''[[Kundalakesi]]'' by a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] poet
***''Valayapati'' by a [[Jainism|Jaina]] poet
*3rd to 4th century:
**''[[Posthomerica]]'' by [[Quintus of Smyrna]]
*4th century:
**''Evangeliorum libri'' by [[Juvencus]]
**''[[Kumaarasambhavam|Kumārasambhava]]'' by [[Kālidāsa]] ([[Indian epic poetry]])
**''[[Raghuvamsa]]'' by Kālidāsa (Indian epic poetry)
*5th century:
**''[[Dionysiaca]]'' by [[Nonnus]]

===Medieval epics (500-1500)===
*8th to 10th century:
**''[[Beowulf]]'' (retelling of Anglo-Saxon legends)
**''[[Waldere]]'', Old English version of the story told in ''Waltharius'' (below), known only as a brief fragment
**''[[David of Sasun]]'' ([[Armenian language]])
*9th century:
**''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'' ([[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] "''Stories of the Lord''") written from earlier sources
*10th century:
** ''[[Shahnameh]]'' ([[Persian mythology]]) (epic poem detailing [[Persian Empire|Persian]] legend and history from prehistoric times to the fall of the [[Sassanid Empire]])
**''[[Waltharius]]'' by Ekkehard of St Gall, Latin version of the story of [[Walter of Aquitaine]]
**''[[The Battle of Maldon]]'', brief Old English epic describing a recent battle
*11th century:
**''[[Poetic Edda]]'' ([[Norse mythology]]) (collection of poems of Norse mythology from various sources; dates of composition vary within the collection, but the majority of poems existed before the 12th century based on the excerpts in the [[Prose Edda]])
**''[[Ruodlieb]]'', Latin epic by a German author
**''[[Digenis Acritas|Digenis Akritas]]'' ([[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] epic poem)
**''[[La Chanson de Roland]]'' (''[[The Song of Roland]]'')
**''[[Epic of King Gesar]]'' ([[Tibetan language|Tibetan]] epic; compiled from earlier sources)
**''[[Epic of Manas]]'' ([[Kyrgyz]] epic, possibly later)
*12th century:
**''[[The Knight in the Panther Skin]]'' by [[Shota Rustaveli]]
**''[[Alexandreis]]'', Latin epic by [[Walter of Châtillon]]
**''[[De bello Troiano]]'' and the lost ''[[Antiocheis (Joseph of Exeter)|Antiocheis]]'' by [[Joseph of Exeter]]
**''[[Carmen de Prodicione Guenonis]]'' (Latin version of the story of the ''Song of Roland'')
**''[[Architrenius]]'', satirical Latin epic by [[John of Hauville]]
**''[[Liber ad honorem Augusti]]'' by [[Peter of Eboli]], Latin narrative of the conquest of [[Sicily]] by [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor]]
*13th century:
**''[[Nibelungenlied]]'' ([[Germanic mythology]])
**''[[Brut (Layamon)|Brut]]'' by [[Layamon]]
**''[[Chanson de la Croisade Albigeoise]]'' ("Song of the Albigensian Crusade"; [[Occitan language|Occitan]])
**''[[Sundiata|Epic of Sundiata]]''
**''[[Cantar de Mio Cid|El Cantar de Mio Cid]]'', Spanish epic of the [[Reconquista]]
**''[[De triumphis ecclesiae]]'', Latin literary epic by [[Johannes de Garlandia (philologist)|Johannes de Garlandia]]
**''[[Parzival]]'' by [[Wolfram von Eschenbach]]
**''[[The Secret History of the Mongols]]
*14th century:
**''[[Cursor Mundi]]'' by an [[anonymity|anonymous]] cleric (c. 1300)
**''[[The Divine Comedy|Divina Commedia]]'' (''The Divine Comedy'') by [[Dante Alighieri]]
**''[[Africa (Petrarch)|Africa]]'', Latin literary epic by [[Petrarch]]
**''[[The Tale of the Heike]]'' ([[Japanese people|Japanese]] epic war tale)
*15th century:
**''[[Alliterative Morte Arthure]]''
**''[[Orlando innamorato]]'' by [[Matteo Maria Boiardo]] (1495)

===Modern epics (from 1500)===
*16th century:
**''[[Orlando furioso]]'' by [[Ludovico Ariosto]] (1516)
**''[[Os Lusíadas]]'' by [[Luís de Camões]] (c.1555)
**''[[La Araucana]]'' by [[Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga]] (1569-1589)
**''[[La Gerusalemme liberata]]'' by [[Torquato Tasso]] (1575)
**''[[Ramacharitamanasa]]'' (based on the ''[[Ramayana]]'') by Goswami [[Tulsidas]] (1577)
**''Lepanto'' by King [[James VI of Scotland]] (1591)
**''Matilda'' by [[Michael Drayton]] (1594)
**''[[The Faerie Queene]]'' by [[Edmund Spenser]] (1596)
*17th century:
**''[[The Barons' Wars]]'' by [[Michael Drayton]] (1603; early version 1596 entitled ''Mortimeriados'')
**''The Purple Island'' by Phineas Fletcher (1633)
**''[[Peril of Sziget|Szigeti veszedelem]]'', also known under the Latin title '' Obsidionis Szigetianae'', a [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] epic by [[Nikola Zrinski|Miklós Zrínyi]] (1651)
**''[[Paradise Lost]]'' by [[John Milton]] (1667)
**''[[Paradise Regained]]'' by [[John Milton]] (1671)
**''Prince Arthur'' by [[Richard Blackmore]] (1695)
**''King Arthur'' by [[Richard Blackmore]] (1697)
*18th century:
**''Eliza'' by [[Richard Blackmore]] (1705)
**''Columbus'' by Ubertino Carrara (1714)
**''Redemption'' by [[Richard Blackmore]] (1722)
**[[Henriade]] by [[Voltaire]] (1723)
**''La Pucelle d'Orléans'' by [[Voltaire]] (1756)
**''Alfred'' by [[Richard Blackmore]] (1723)
**''[[Utendi wa Tambuka]]'' by Bwana Mwengo (1728)
**''Leonidas'' by [[Richard Glover]] (1737)
**''Epigoniad'' by [[William Wilkie]] (1757)
**''The Highlander'; by [[James Macpherson]] (1758)
**''The Works of [[Ossian]]'' by [[James MacPherson]] (1765)
**''[[O Uraguai]]'' by Basílio da Gama (1769)
**''[[Caoineadh Airt Uí Laoghaire]]''** by [[Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill]] (1773)
**''Der Messias'' by [[Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock]] (1773)
**''Rossiada'' by [[Mikhail Matveyevich Kheraskov]] (1771-1779)
**''Vladimir'' by [[Mikhail Matveyevich Kheraskov]] (1785)
**''Athenaid'' by [[Richard Glover]] (1787)
**''Joan of Arc'' by [[Robert Southey]] (1796)
*19th century:
**''Thalaba the Destroyer'' by [[Robert Southey]] (1801)
**''Madoc'' by [[Robert Southey]] (1805)
**''Columbiad'' by [[Joel Barlow]] (1807)
**''[[Milton: a Poem]]'' by [[William Blake]] (1804-1810)
**''The Curse of [[Kehama]]'' by [[Robert Southey]] (1810)
**''Roderick, the Last of the Goths'' by [[Robert Southey]] (1814)
**''[[The Revolt of Islam (Laon and Cyntha)]]'' by [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]] (1817)
**''[[Endymion]]'', (1818) by [[John Keats]]
**''[[Hyperion (poem)|Hyperion]]'', (1818), and ''[[The Fall of Hyperion]]'', (1819) by [[John Keats]]
**''L'Orléanide, Poème national en vingt-huit chants'', by [[Philippe-Alexandre Le Brun de Charmettes]] (1821)
**''[[Don Juan (Byron)|Don Juan]]'' by [[George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron|Lord Byron]] (1824)
**''[[Pan Tadeusz]]'' by [[Adam Mickiewicz]] (1834)
**''Smrt Smail-age Čengića'' by [[Ivan Mažuranić]] (1846)
**''[[Kalevala]]'' by [[Elias Lönnrot]] (1849 [[Finnish mythology]])
**''[[Kalevipoeg]]'' by [[Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald]] (1853 [[Estonian mythology]])
**''[[The Prelude]]'' by [[William Wordsworth]]
**''[[The Song of Hiawatha]]'' by [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]] (1855)
**''[[La fin de Satan|La Fin de Satan]]'' by [[Victor Hugo]] (written between 1855 and 1860, published in 1886)
**''[[La Légende des siècles|La Légende des Siècles]]'' (''The Legend of the Centuries'') by [[Victor Hugo]] (1859-1877)
**''[[Martín Fierro]] by [[José Hernández]] (1872)
**''[[Clarel]]'' by [[Herman Melville]] (1876)
**''[[The City of Dreadful Night]]'' by [[James Thomson (B.V.)]] (finished in 1874, published in 1880)
**''Canigó'' by [[Jacint Verdaguer]] (1886)
**''[[Lāčplēsis]]'' ('The Bear-Slayer') by [[Andrejs Pumpurs]] (1888; Latvian Mythology)
*20th century:
**''Lahuta e Malcís'' by [[Gjergj Fishta]] (composed 1902-1937)
**''[[The Ballad of the White Horse]]'' by [[G. K. Chesterton]] (1911)
**''[[Fernando Pessoa#Mensagem|Mensagem]]'' by [[Fernando Pessoa]]
**''The Hashish-Eater; Or, The Apocalypse of Evil'' by [[Clark Ashton Smith]] (1920)
**''[[Kurukshetra]]''(1946), ''[[Rashmirathi]]''(1952), ''[[Urvashi]]'' (1961) by [[Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar']]
**''[[Savitri (book)|Savitri]]'' by [[Aurobindo Ghose]] (1950)
**''Astronautilía-Hvězdoplavba'' by [[Jan Kresadlo|Jan Křesadlo]]
**''[[The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel]]'' by [[Nikos Kazantzakis]] ([[Greek language|Greek]] verse, composed 1924-1938)
**''[[The Cantos]]'' by [[Ezra Pound]] (composed 1915-1969)
**''[[Cycle of the West|A Cycle of the West]]'' by [[John Neihardt]] (composed 1921-1949)
**''"A"'' by [[Louis Zukofsky]] (composed 1928-1968)
**''[[Paterson (poem)|Paterson]]'' by [[William Carlos Williams]] (composed c.1940-1961)
**''Victory for the Slain'' by [[Hugh John Lofting]] (1942)
**''The Maximus Poems'' by [[Charles Olson]] (composed 1950-1970)
**''[[Aniara (poem)|Aniara]]'' by [[Harry Martinson]] (composed 1956)
**''Libretto for the Republic of Liberia'' by [[Melvin B. Tolson]] (1953)
**''Mountains and Rivers Without End'' by [[Gary Snyder]] (composed 1965-1996)
**''[[The Changing Light at Sandover]]'' by [[James Merrill]] (composed 1976-1982)
**''[[Omeros]]'' by [[Derek Walcott]] (1990)
**''The Levant'' by [[Mircea Cărtărescu]] (1990)
**''The Descent of Alette'' by [[Alice Notley]] (1996)
**''Cheikh Anta Diop: Poem for the Living'' by [[Mwatabu S. Okantah]] (1997)
**''The Dream of Norumbega: Epic on the U.S.'' by [[James Wm. Chichetto]] (c. 1990; p. 2000- )

<!--Other epic POETRY traditions:
Portuguese -
African?-->

== Other epics ==
*''The Anathemata'' by [[David Jones (poet)|David Jones]] (1952)
*''Canto general'' by [[Pablo Neruda]]
*''[[Four Quartets]]'' by [[T. S. Eliot]]
*''[[Der Ring des Nibelungen]]'' by [[Richard Wagner]] (opera)
*''[[Parsifal]]'' by [[Richard Wagner]] (opera)
*''Fredy Neptune: A Novel in Verse'' by [[Les Murray (poet)|Les Murray]]


==References==
==References==
* [http://www.poetry-portal.com/styles10.html]
* [http://members.optushome.com.au/kazoom/poetry/epic.html]
* [http://www.findpoetry.com/searchnow/Epic/]

==See also==
{{portal|Poetry|Quill silver.PNG}}
* [[Chanson de geste]]
* [[Duma (epic)|Duma]] (Ukrainian epic)
* [[Bylina]] (Russian epic)
* [[Hebrew and Jewish epic poetry]]
* [[Tanakh]]
* [[Indian epic poetry]]
* [[Serbian epic poetry]]
* [[Yukar]] (Ainu epic)
* [[List of world folk-epics]]
* [[Monomyth]]
* [[National epic]]
* [[Bible]]
* [[Calliope]] (Greek muse of epic poetry)
* [[Epic Hero]]
* [[Alpamysh]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{start box}}
==External links==
{{succession box
* [http://WorldChronicle.net WorldChronicle.net]
|before = ''[[3121_%28album%29|3121]]'' by [[Prince_%28artist%29|Prince]]
* [http://www.claysanskritlibrary.org Clay Sanskrit Library] publishes classical Indian literature, including the Mahabharata and Ramayana, with facing-page text and translation. Also offers searchable corpus and downloadable materials.
|title = [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] [[Number-one albums of 2006 (USA)|number-one album]]
* [http://humx.org/epic_poetry Humanities Index] has notes on epic poetry.
|years = [[April 9]], [[2006]] - [[April 15]], [[2006]]
*[http://www.worldofdante.org/ World of Dante] Multimedia website that offers Italian text of Divine Comedy, Allen Mandelbaum's translation, gallery, interactive maps, timeline, musical recordings, and searchable database for students and teachers.
|after = ''[[Me and My Gang]]'' by [[Rascal Flatts]]

}}
==Bibliography==
{{end box}}
*Jan de Vries: ''Heroic Song and Heroic Legend'' ISBN 0-405-10566-5
*Cornel Heinsdorff: ''Christus, Nikodemus und die Samaritanerin bei Juvencus. Mit einem Anhang zur lateinischen Evangelienvorlage'', Untersuchungen zur antiken Literatur und Geschichte 67, Berlin/New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-017851-6


{{T.I.}}
'''


[[Category:Epics|*]]
[[Category:2006 albums]]
[[Category:Poetic form]]
[[Category:Atlantic Records albums]]
[[Category:Narrative poems|*]]
[[Category:Grand Hustle albums]]
[[Category:Fiction]]
[[Category:T.I. albums]]
[[Category:Fiction forms]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Swizz Beatz]]
[[Category:Albums produced by The Neptunes]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Just Blaze]]
[[Category:Albums produced by DJ Toomp]]


[[bs:Epika]]
[[de:King (Album)]]
[[br:Meurgan]]
[[es:King (álbum)]]
[[bg:Епос]]
[[fr:King (album)]]
[[ca:Poema èpic]]
[[it:King (album T.I.)]]
[[no:King (album av T.I.)]]
[[cs:Epos]]
[[pt:King (álbum de T.I.)]]
[[da:Epos]]
[[de:Epos]]
[[el:Έπος]]
[[es:Epopeya]]
[[eo:Epopeo]]
[[fa:حماسه]]
[[fr:Épopée]]
[[io:Epiko]]
[[id:Wiracarita]]
[[ia:Epos]]
[[it:Poema epico]]
[[he:שירה אפית]]
[[la:Poësis epica]]
[[lv:Liroepika]]
[[lb:Epik]]
[[lt:Epas]]
[[hu:Epika]]
[[nl:Epiek]]
[[ja:叙事詩]]
[[no:Epos]]
[[pl:Epos]]
[[pt:Poesia épica]]
[[ru:Эпос]]
[[sk:Epos]]
[[sl:Ep]]
[[sq:Poezia epike]]
[[sr:Епика]]
[[fi:Epiikka]]
[[sv:Epik]]
[[tl:Epiko]]
[[th:มหากาพย์]]
[[vi:Sử thi]]
[[wa:Epopêye]]
[[zh:史詩]]

Revision as of 01:55, 13 October 2008

Untitled

King is a Grammy-nominated album from hip hop artist T.I. It was released on March 28, 2006 in the United States.

History

It features guest appearances by Pharrell, George Suchy, Common, B.G., UGK, Jamie Foxx, Young Jeezy, P$C, Governor and Young Dro and production by Just Blaze, Pharrell Williams, Mannie Fresh, Swizz Beatz, DJ Toomp, Travis Barker, Caviar, Stanley Jones and Khao. His close relative Dillon Weir a.k.a Dx3 Dillon Da Don produced many of the tracks.

Chart performance

King debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 selling over 523,407 copies on its first week from the promotion of his debut movie ATL and smash single, "What You Know" and went platinum in one month. It was one of few rap albums to go platinum in 2006.[1] The album has sold over 2 million in the U.S.[2]

The album was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 2007 Grammy Awards.

Track listing

All skits are produced by Kannon "Caviar" Cross and Stan the Guitar Man. The clean version of the album comes with the skits removed due to explicity.

# Title Feature guest(s) Producer(s) Length
1. "King Back" Just Blaze 4:12
2. "Front Back" UGK Mannie Fresh 3:42
3. "What You Know" DJ Toomp Co-produced by Wonder 4:34
4. "I'm Talkin' to You/(Skit)" Just Blaze/Dx3 5:40
5. "Live in the Sky" Jamie Foxx Keith Mack/Dx3 5:46
6. "Ride Wit Me" Keith Mack 4:04
7. "The Breakup (Skit)" 1:58
8. "Why You Wanna" Khao 3:37
9. "Get It" Swizz Beatz 3:40
10. "Top Back" Mannie Fresh 4:42
11. "I'm Straight/Pimp C (Skit)" B.G. & Young Jeezy Nick Fury 6:35
12. "Undertaker" Young Buck & Young Dro Khao 4:13
13. "Stand Up Guy" Dx3 3:16
14. "You Know Who" Tony Galvin, co-produced by Travis Barker 2:54
15. "Goodlife/Phone Call (Skit)" Pharrell & Common The Neptunes 4:28
16. "Hello" Governor Khao 3:34
17. "Told You So" Dx3 4:22
18. "Bankhead" P$C and Young Dro DJ Toomp 4:26
19. "Drug Related"
(bonus track for Japan)		 Chad "Wes" Hamilton 3:39

Limited Edition DVD Release

The DVD includes:

  • Live concert footage from Houston, Texas.
  • Music Video of Front Back featuring UGK.
  • A special slide show to accompany the audio of Drive Slow Remix (featuring Kanye West, Paul Wall, & GLC).

Sample credits

  • What You Know: Contains interpolations from "Gone Away" [Donny Hathaway, Curtis Mayfield, & Leroy Hutson].
  • Why You Wanna: The chorus samples Q-Tip's vocals from Got 'Til It's Gone with Janet Jackson and it samples a slowed-down keyboard chord from Crystal Waters' "Gypsy Woman (She's Homeless)".
  • Hello: The Isley Brothers' song "Hello, It's Me".
  • Front Back: Contains excerpts from "Front Back Side To Side" written by Chad Butler
  • King Back: Samples the theme song from the film "The Exorcist" as well as "Sting Of The Serpent" written by Ray Davies.
  • Get It: Contains samples from "Mollo Tutto" written by Enrico Simonetti, Antonio Murri, & Dino Verdi
  • You Know Who: Contains samples from the composition "Fight Back", by Solomon Burke, off the Cool Breeze OST (blaxploitation movie).
  • Bankhead: Contains interpolations of "Exodus (Main Theme)"
  • Drug Related: Contains excerpts from "Love Me Back" written by Willie Hutch.

Album charts

Chart (2006) Position
U.S. Billboard 200 1
U.S. Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums 1
U.S. Billboard Top Rap Albums 1
New Zealand Top 40 2
Canadian Albums Chart 24
French Album Chart 36
Japanese Album Chart 26
Switzerland Album Chart 99
UK Albums Chart 83
United World Chart 1

References

  1. ^ Sound of the Summer, The Source #211, p53
  2. ^ By The Numbers: Hip Hop Cash Kings. Accessed December 22, 2007.
Preceded by Billboard 200 number-one album
April 9, 2006 - April 15, 2006 		Succeeded by
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