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The Committee on the Present Danger (CPD) is the name used by a succession of American anti-communist foreign policy interest groups.^[1] Throughout its four iterations—in the 1950s, the 1970s, the 2000s, and 2019—it has influenced foreign policy since the administration of Harry S. Truman.^[2] Its first iteration disbanded as its leading members joined the Dwight Eisenhower administration, leading for it to be reformed in 1976 to counter the Soviet Union during the cold war.^[3] This iteration achieved notable success during the Reagan administration. The third iteration was formed by veterans of the Cold War in 2004 in support of the war on terror.^[4] The fourth iteration, the Committee on the Present Danger: China (CPDC) returned the group to its anti-communist roots with a focus on the threat posed to the United States by the China Communist Party.^[3]

Overview[edit]

The committee first met in 1950, founded by Tracy Voorhees, to promote the plans proposed in NSC 68 by Paul Nitze and Dean Acheson. It lobbied the government directly and sought to influence public opinion through a publicity campaign, notably a weekly radio broadcast on the Mutual Broadcasting System throughout 1951.^[5] This iteration was effectively disbanded after 1952, following the appointment of Voorhees and others to senior positions in the administration.^[6]

It was privately revived in March 1976 to try to influence the presidential candidates and their advisors.^{[citation needed]} After Jimmy Carter won the election, CPD went public again and spent the next four years lobbying, particularly against détente and the SALT II agreement. Its hawkish conclusions influenced the CIA's future reporting on the Soviet threat.^{[citation needed]} This iteration of the CPD provided 33 officials to the Ronald Reagan administration, plus Reagan himself.^[7]

History[edit]

First CPD (1950s)[edit]

On December 12, 1950, James Conant, Tracy Voorhees and Vannevar Bush announced the creation of the committee on the Present Danger.^[5] The group was formed in order to support the Truman Administration's remilitarization plans contained within NSC 68.^[5] The 'present danger' to which the group's title referred was "the aggressive designs of the Soviet Union", the CPD announced.^[5]

Members of the First CPD[edit]

James B. Conant (Chairman)
Tracy S. Voorhees (Vice Chairman)

Second CPD (1970s)[edit]

On November 11, 1976, the second iteration was announced. The name of this version of the committee was "borrow[ed]" from the 1950s version, and was not a direct successor.^[8]

Some of its members lobbied for, and were members of, the 1976 Team B, providing an opposing view to the CIA's Team A.

Thirty-three officials of the Reagan administration were CPD members, including Director of Central Intelligence William Casey, National Security Advisor Richard V. Allen, United States Ambassador to the United Nations Jeane Kirkpatrick, Secretary of the Navy John Lehman, Secretary of State George Shultz, and Assistant Secretary of Defense Richard Perle. Reagan himself was a member in 1979.

Founding members of the second CPD[edit]

Third CPD (2004)[edit]

Logo of the third incarnation of the Committee on the Present Danger

In June 2004, The Hill reported that a third incarnation of CPD was being planned, to address the War on Terrorism.^[4] This incarnation of the committee was still active as of 2008. The head of the 2004 CPD, PR pro and former Reagan adviser Peter D. Hannaford, explained, "we saw a parallel" between the Soviet threat and the threat from terrorism. The message that CPD will convey through lobbying, media work and conferences is that the war on terror needs to be won, he said.^[4]

Members of the 2004 CPD included Vice President for Policy Larry Haas, Senator Joseph I. Lieberman, former CIA director R. James Woolsey Jr., former National Security Advisor to President Reagan, Robert C. McFarlane, and Reagan administration official and 1976 Committee founder Max Kampelman.^[4] At the July 20, 2004, launching of the 2004 CPD, Lieberman and Senator Jon Kyl were identified as the honorary co-chairs.^[9]

Fourth CPD (2019)[edit]

The fourth CPD was established on March 25, 2019 as the Committee on the Present Danger: China (CPDC).^[10] It is focused on education and advocacy on the existential and ideological threat to the United States posed by Communist China.^[11] It has been described as hawkish.^[12]

In a statement on the launch of the committee, the Population Research Institute stated:

"The United States is in a new cold war. The Chinese Communist Party poses the greatest threat to both the United States and the world since the fall of the Soviet Union. Then, as now, the threat of a totalitarian regime with an evil ideology – one that is willing to kill 400 million of its own unborn children – must be stopped."^[13]

Members of the Fourth CPD[edit]

Source:^[14]

Criticisms[edit]

The CPDC has been criticized as promoting a revival of Red Scare politics in the United States, and for the involvement of Frank Gaffney and activist Steve Bannon.^[10]^[15] David Skidmore, writing for The Diplomat, described it as the latest instance of "what was once referred to as the 'military-industrial complex'” influencing policy.^[15]

References[edit]

^ Bronner, Stephen Eric (2005). Blood in the sand: imperial fantasies, right-wing ambitions, and the erosion of American democracy. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-7168-7. OCLC 65562600.
^ Christopher I., Xenakis (2002). What happened to the Soviet Union?. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. ISBN 978-0-275-97527-2.
^ ^a ^b "Steve Bannon helps revive US cold war-era committee to target China". South China Morning Post. March 26, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Kirchick, James (June 30, 2004). "Cold warriors return for war on terrorism". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 19, 2006.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Sanders, Jerry (1983). Peddlers of Crisis: The Committee on the Present Danger and the Politics of Containment. South End Press. pp. 54. ISBN 0896081818.
^ Wells, Samuel F. (1979). "Sounding the Tocsin: NSC 68 and the Soviet Threat". International Security. 4 (2): 116–158. doi:10.2307/2626746. ISSN 0162-2889. JSTOR 2626746. S2CID 155072379.
^ Shribman, David; Times, Special To the New York (November 23, 1981). "Group Goes from Exile to Influence". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
^ Kampelman, Max M. (1984). Tyroler, II, Charles (ed.). Alerting America: The Papers of the Committee on the Present Danger. Pergamon Brassey's. pp. xviii. ISBN 0080319254.
^ Lieberman, Joe and Jon Kyl (July 20, 2004). "The Present Danger". The Washington Post.
^ ^a ^b Swanson, Ana (July 20, 2019). "A New Red Scare Is Reshaping Washington". The New York Times. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
^ Wu, Wendy (March 26, 2019). "Cold War is back: Bannon helps revive U.S. committee to target 'aggressive totalitarian foe' China". Politico. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
^ Rogin, Josh (April 10, 2019). "China hawks call on America to fight a new Cold War". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
^ "Distinguished Team Launches the Committee on the Present Danger: China". PRI. March 28, 2019. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
^ "Members". Committee on the Present Danger. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
^ ^a ^b Skidmore, David (July 23, 2019). "The US Scare Campaign Against China: The political calculations behind exaggerating the 'present danger' – from the Cold War to today". The Diplomat. Retrieved December 31, 2020.

External links[edit]

[1] Bronner, Stephen Eric (2005). Blood in the sand: imperial fantasies, right-wing ambitions, and the erosion of American democracy. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-7168-7. OCLC 65562600.

[soviet_book-2] Christopher I., Xenakis (2002). What happened to the Soviet Union?. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. ISBN 978-0-275-97527-2.

[:1-3] "Steve Bannon helps revive US cold war-era committee to target China". South China Morning Post. March 26, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2024.

[TheHill_Kirchick_20040630-4] Kirchick, James (June 30, 2004). "Cold warriors return for war on terrorism". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 19, 2006.

[Peddlers-5] Sanders, Jerry (1983). Peddlers of Crisis: The Committee on the Present Danger and the Politics of Containment. South End Press. pp. 54. ISBN 0896081818.

[6] Wells, Samuel F. (1979). "Sounding the Tocsin: NSC 68 and the Soviet Threat". International Security. 4 (2): 116–158. doi:10.2307/2626746. ISSN 0162-2889. JSTOR 2626746. S2CID 155072379.

[7] Shribman, David; Times, Special To the New York (November 23, 1981). "Group Goes from Exile to Influence". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 1, 2020.

[AlertingAmerica-8] Kampelman, Max M. (1984). Tyroler, II, Charles (ed.). Alerting America: The Papers of the Committee on the Present Danger. Pergamon Brassey's. pp. xviii. ISBN 0080319254.

[WashingtonPost_Lieberman_20040719-9] Lieberman, Joe and Jon Kyl (July 20, 2004). "The Present Danger". The Washington Post.

[Swanson-10] Swanson, Ana (July 20, 2019). "A New Red Scare Is Reshaping Washington". The New York Times. Retrieved July 21, 2019.

[11] Wu, Wendy (March 26, 2019). "Cold War is back: Bannon helps revive U.S. committee to target 'aggressive totalitarian foe' China". Politico. Retrieved July 12, 2020.

[12] Rogin, Josh (April 10, 2019). "China hawks call on America to fight a new Cold War". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 12, 2020.

[13] "Distinguished Team Launches the Committee on the Present Danger: China". PRI. March 28, 2019. Retrieved January 27, 2024.

[CPD_Members-14] "Members". Committee on the Present Danger. Retrieved June 9, 2023.

[:0-15] Skidmore, David (July 23, 2019). "The US Scare Campaign Against China: The political calculations behind exaggerating the 'present danger' – from the Cold War to today". The Diplomat. Retrieved December 31, 2020.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Series of US foreign policy interest groups}}
+{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2024}}
-[[File:Committee on the Present Danger (logo).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Logo of the committee on the Present Danger.]]
-The '''Committee on the Present Danger''' ('''CPD''') is the name used by a succession of [[United States|American]] [[neoconservative]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bronner |first=Stephen Eric |date=2005 |title=Blood in the sand: imperial fantasies, right-wing ambitions, and the erosion of American democracy |location=Lexington, Ky. |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=0-8131-7168-7 |oclc=65562600}}</ref> and [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] [[foreign policy interest group]]s. Throughout its four iterations—in the 1950s, the 1970s, the 2000s, and 2019, it has tried to influence all the presidential administrations since [[Harry S. Truman]],<ref name=soviet_book>{{cite book |last=Christopher I. |first=Xenakis|title=What happened to the Soviet Union?|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gmdyC4wDPqwC&pg=PA111 |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-275-97527-2}}</ref> achieving notable success during the [[Presidency of Ronald Reagan|Reagan administration]].
+The '''Committee on the Present Danger''' ('''CPD''') is the name used by a succession of American [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] [[foreign policy interest group]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bronner |first=Stephen Eric |date=2005 |title=Blood in the sand: imperial fantasies, right-wing ambitions, and the erosion of American democracy |location=Lexington, Ky. |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=0-8131-7168-7 |oclc=65562600}}</ref> Throughout its four iterations—in the 1950s, the 1970s, the 2000s, and 2019—it has influenced foreign policy since the administration of [[Harry S. Truman]].<ref name="soviet_book">{{cite book |last=Christopher I. |first=Xenakis|title=What happened to the Soviet Union?|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gmdyC4wDPqwC&pg=PA111 |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-275-97527-2}}</ref> Its first iteration disbanded as its leading members joined the Dwight Eisenhower administration, leading for it to be reformed in 1976 to counter the Soviet Union during the cold war.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-03-26 |title=Steve Bannon helps revive US cold war-era committee to target China |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3003283/cold-war-back-steve-bannon-helps-revive-us-committee-target |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> This iteration achieved notable success during the [[Presidency of Ronald Reagan|Reagan administration]]. The third iteration was formed by veterans of the [[Cold War (1979–1985)|Cold War]] in 2004 in support of the [[war on terror]].<ref name="TheHill_Kirchick_20040630" /> The fourth iteration, the Committee on the Present Danger: China (CPDC) returned the group to its anti-communist roots with a focus on the threat posed to the United States by the [[China Communist Party]].<ref name=":1" />
 ==Overview==
 The committee first met in 1950, founded by [[Tracy Voorhees]], to promote the plans proposed in [[NSC 68]] by [[Paul Nitze]] and [[Dean Acheson]]. It lobbied the government directly and sought to influence [[public opinion]] through a publicity campaign, notably a weekly radio broadcast on the [[Mutual Broadcasting System]] throughout 1951.<ref name="Peddlers" /> This iteration was effectively disbanded after 1952, following the appointment of Voorhees and others to senior positions in the administration.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wells |first=Samuel F. |date=1979 |title=Sounding the Tocsin: NSC 68 and the Soviet Threat |journal=International Security |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=116–158 |doi=10.2307/2626746 |jstor=2626746 |s2cid=155072379 |issn=0162-2889}}</ref>
-It was privately revived in March 1976 to try to influence the [[United States Presidential election, 1976|presidential candidates]] and their advisors.{{citation needed|date=September 2008}} After [[Jimmy Carter]] won the election, CPD went public again and spent the next four years lobbying, particularly against [[détente]] and the [[SALT II]] agreement. Its [[War Hawk|hawkish]] conclusions influenced the [[CIA]]'s future reporting on the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] threat.  This iteration of the CPD provided 33 officials to the [[Presidency of Ronald Reagan|Ronald Reagan administration]], plus Reagan himself.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Shribman |first1=David |last2=Times |first2=Special To the New York |date=1981-11-23 |title=Group Goes from Exile to Influence |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/23/us/group-goes-from-exile-to-influence.html |access-date=2020-05-01 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
+It was privately revived in March 1976 to try to influence the [[United States Presidential election, 1976|presidential candidates]] and their advisors.{{citation needed|date=September 2008}} After [[Jimmy Carter]] won the election, CPD went public again and spent the next four years lobbying, particularly against [[détente]] and the [[SALT II]] agreement. Its [[War Hawk|hawkish]] conclusions influenced the [[CIA]]'s future reporting on the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] threat.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} This iteration of the CPD provided 33 officials to the [[Presidency of Ronald Reagan|Ronald Reagan administration]], plus Reagan himself.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Shribman |first1=David |last2=Times |first2=Special To the New York |date=November 23, 1981 |title=Group Goes from Exile to Influence |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/23/us/group-goes-from-exile-to-influence.html |access-date=May 1, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
 ==History==
 === First CPD (1950s) ===
-On 12 December 1950, [[James Bryant Conant|James Conant]], [[Tracy Voorhees]] and [[Vannevar Bush]] announced the creation of the committee on the Present Danger.<ref name="Peddlers">{{Cite book |last=Sanders |first=Jerry |url=https://archive.org/details/peddlersofcrisis0000sand/page/54 |title=Peddlers of Crisis: The Committee on the Present Danger and the Politics of Containment |publisher=South End Press |year=1983 |isbn=0896081818 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/peddlersofcrisis0000sand/page/54 54]}}</ref> The group was formed in order to support the Truman Administration's remilitarization plans contained within [[NSC 68]].<ref name="Peddlers" /> The 'present danger' to which the group's title referred was "the aggressive designs of the Soviet Union", the CPD announced.<ref name="Peddlers" />
+On December 12, 1950, [[James Bryant Conant|James Conant]], [[Tracy Voorhees]] and [[Vannevar Bush]] announced the creation of the committee on the Present Danger.<ref name="Peddlers">{{Cite book |last=Sanders |first=Jerry |url=https://archive.org/details/peddlersofcrisis0000sand/page/54 |title=Peddlers of Crisis: The Committee on the Present Danger and the Politics of Containment |publisher=South End Press |year=1983 |isbn=0896081818 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/peddlersofcrisis0000sand/page/54 54]}}</ref> The group was formed in order to support the Truman Administration's remilitarization plans contained within [[NSC 68]].<ref name="Peddlers" /> The 'present danger' to which the group's title referred was "the aggressive designs of the Soviet Union", the CPD announced.<ref name="Peddlers" />
 ==== Members of the First CPD ====
@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 === Second CPD (1970s) ===
-On 11 November 1976, the second iteration was announced. The name of this version of the committee was "borrow[ed]" from the 1950s version, and was not a direct successor.<ref name="AlertingAmerica">{{Cite book |last=Kampelman |first=Max M. |title=Alerting America: The Papers of the Committee on the Present Danger |publisher=Pergamon Brassey's |year=1984 |isbn=0080319254 |editor-last=Tyroler, II |editor-first=Charles |pages=xviii}}</ref>
+On November 11, 1976, the second iteration was announced. The name of this version of the committee was "borrow[ed]" from the 1950s version, and was not a direct successor.<ref name="AlertingAmerica">{{Cite book |last=Kampelman |first=Max M. |title=Alerting America: The Papers of the Committee on the Present Danger |publisher=Pergamon Brassey's |year=1984 |isbn=0080319254 |editor-last=Tyroler, II |editor-first=Charles |pages=xviii}}</ref>
 Some of its members lobbied for, and were members of, the 1976 [[Team B]], providing an opposing view to the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]'s ''Team A''.
@@ Line 167: / Line 167: @@
 ===Third CPD (2004)===
-In June 2004, ''[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]'' reported that a third incarnation of CPD was being planned, to address the [[War on Terrorism]].<ref name=TheHill_Kirchick_20040630>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/news/063004/coldwar.aspx|title=Cold warriors return for war on terrorism|author=Kirchick, James|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|date=June 30, 2004|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219045322/http://www.thehill.com/news/063004/coldwar.aspx|archivedate=2006-12-19}}</ref> This incarnation of the committee was still active as of 2008. The head of the 2004 CPD, PR pro and former [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] adviser [[Peter D. Hannaford]], explained, "we saw a parallel" between the Soviet threat and the threat from terrorism. The message that CPD will convey through lobbying, media work and conferences is that the war on terror needs to be won, he said.<ref name="TheHill_Kirchick_20040630" />
+[[File:Committee on the Present Danger (logo).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Logo of the third incarnation of the Committee on the Present Danger]]In June 2004, ''[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]'' reported that a third incarnation of CPD was being planned, to address the [[War on Terrorism]].<ref name="TheHill_Kirchick_20040630">{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/news/063004/coldwar.aspx|title=Cold warriors return for war on terrorism|author=Kirchick, James|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|date=June 30, 2004|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219045322/http://www.thehill.com/news/063004/coldwar.aspx|archivedate=December 19, 2006}}</ref> This incarnation of the committee was still active as of 2008. The head of the 2004 CPD, PR pro and former [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] adviser [[Peter D. Hannaford]], explained, "we saw a parallel" between the Soviet threat and the threat from terrorism. The message that CPD will convey through lobbying, media work and conferences is that the war on terror needs to be won, he said.<ref name="TheHill_Kirchick_20040630" />
-Members of the 2004 CPD included Vice President for Policy [[Larry Haas]], Senator [[Joseph I. Lieberman]], former CIA director [[R. James Woolsey Jr.]], former National Security Advisor to President Reagan, [[Robert C. McFarlane]], and Reagan administration official and 1976 Committee founder [[Max Kampelman]].<ref name="TheHill_Kirchick_20040630"/> At the July 20, 2004 launching of the 2004 CPD, Lieberman and Senator [[Jon Kyl]] were identified as the honorary co-chairs.<ref name=WashingtonPost_Lieberman_20040719>{{cite news|author=Lieberman, Joe and Jon Kyl|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A63067-2004Jul19.html|title=The Present Danger|work=The Washington Post|date=July 20, 2004}}</ref>
+Members of the 2004 CPD included Vice President for Policy [[Larry Haas]], Senator [[Joseph I. Lieberman]], former CIA director [[R. James Woolsey Jr.]], former National Security Advisor to President Reagan, [[Robert C. McFarlane]], and Reagan administration official and 1976 Committee founder [[Max Kampelman]].<ref name="TheHill_Kirchick_20040630"/> At the July 20, 2004, launching of the 2004 CPD, Lieberman and Senator [[Jon Kyl]] were identified as the honorary co-chairs.<ref name=WashingtonPost_Lieberman_20040719>{{cite news|author=Lieberman, Joe and Jon Kyl|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A63067-2004Jul19.html|title=The Present Danger|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=July 20, 2004}}</ref>
 ===Fourth CPD (2019)===
+{{Main article|Committee on the Present Danger: China (CPDC)}}
-The fourth CPD was established on March 25, 2019, branding itself "Committee on the Present Danger: China" (CPDC).<ref name = Swanson>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/20/us/politics/china-red-scare-washington.html|title=A New Red Scare Is Reshaping Washington|last=Swanson|first=Ana|date=2019-07-20|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref> Members include both China-focused specialists and others without specific experience related to the country,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wu |first1=Wendy |title=Cold War is back: Bannon helps revive U.S. committee to target 'aggressive totalitarian foe' China |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/03/26/steve-bannon-china-1238039 |accessdate=12 July 2020 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |date=26 March 2019 }}</ref> and are predominantly conservative.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rogin |first1=Josh |title=China hawks call on America to fight a new Cold War |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/04/10/china-hawks-call-america-fight-new-cold-war/ |accessdate=12 July 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=10 April 2019}}</ref>
+[[File:Committee on the Present Danger- China.png|alt=Committee on the Present Danger: China|thumb|200x200px|Logo of the Committee on the Present Danger: China]]
+The fourth CPD was established on March 25, 2019 as the [[Committee on the Present Danger: China (CPDC)|'''Committee on the Present Danger: China''' (CPDC)]].<ref name="Swanson">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/20/us/politics/china-red-scare-washington.html|title=A New Red Scare Is Reshaping Washington|last=Swanson|first=Ana|date=July 20, 2019|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=July 21, 2019}}</ref> It is focused on education and advocacy on the existential and ideological threat to the United States posed by Communist China.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wu |first1=Wendy |title=Cold War is back: Bannon helps revive U.S. committee to target 'aggressive totalitarian foe' China |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/03/26/steve-bannon-china-1238039 |accessdate=July 12, 2020 |newspaper=[[Politico]] |date=March 26, 2019 }}</ref> It has been described as [[Hawk (foreign policy)|hawkish]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rogin |first1=Josh |title=China hawks call on America to fight a new Cold War |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/04/10/china-hawks-call-america-fight-new-cold-war/ |accessdate=July 12, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=April 10, 2019}}</ref>
+In a statement on the launch of the committee, the [[Population Research Institute (organization)|Population Research Institute]] stated: <blockquote>"The United States is in a new cold war. The Chinese Communist Party poses the greatest threat to both the United States and the world since the fall of the Soviet Union. Then, as now, the threat of a totalitarian regime with an evil ideology – one that is willing to kill 400 million of its own unborn children – must be stopped."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-03-28 |title=Distinguished Team Launches the Committee on the Present Danger: China |url=https://www.pop.org/distinguished-team-launches-the-committee-on-the-present-danger-china/ |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=PRI |language=en-US}}</ref></blockquote>
+==== Members of the Fourth CPD ====
+Source:<ref name="CPD_Members">{{cite web
+|url=https://presentdangerchina.org/members
+|website=Committee on the Present Danger
+|access-date=June 9, 2023
+|title=Members
+}}</ref>
-==== Members of the Fourth CPD====
 * Brian Kennedy, Chairman
 * [[Frank Gaffney]], Vice Chairman
+* [[Greg Autry]]
-{{div col|colwidth=12em}}
 * [[Steve Bannon]]
+* [[Kyle Bass|J. Kyle Bass]]
 * [[William Bennett]]
 * [[William G. Boykin]]
-* [[Gordon G. Chang]]
+* [[José Cardenas]]
+* [[Robert B. Charles|Robert Charles]]
+* [[Gordon G. Chang]]{{cn|date=June 2023}}
+* Henry Cooper
+* [[Kenneth E. deGraffenreid|Kenneth DeGraffenreid]]
+* [[Paula A. DeSutter|Paula DeSutter]]
 * [[Nicholas Eftimiades]]
+* [[Sam Faddis]]
-* [[Kevin Freeman (business leader)|Kevin Freeman]]
+* James Fanell
+* [[Kevin Freeman (businessman)|Kevin Freeman]]
 * [[Bob Fu]]
-* [[David P. Goldman]]
+* [[Richard W. Fisher|Richard Fisher]]
 * [[Mark Helprin]]
+* [[Rosemary Gibson]]
+* [[Sasha Gong]]
+* [[Chadwick Gore|Chadwick R. Gore]]
+* [[Lianchao Han]]
+* [[Peter Huessy]]
+* Bradley Johnson
+* [[Phillip Karber]]
 * [[Steven L. Kwast]]
+* [[Ratko Knezevic]]
+* [[Xiaoxu Sean Lin]]
 * [[Tidal W. McCoy|Tidal McCoy]]
 * [[Bob McEwen]]
+* [[Robert Maness]]
+* Richard Manning
+* Rod Martin
+* [[Tidal W. McCoy|Tidal McCoy]]
+* [[Faith McDonnell]]
+* [[Bob McEwen|Robert McEwen]]
 * [[Thomas McInerney]]
+* John Mills
 * [[Steven W. Mosher]]
+* [[Reggie Littlejohn]]
+* [[Jay Lucas]]
 * [[Scott Perry (politician)|Scott Perry]]
 * [[Benedict Peters]]
@@ Line 200: / Line 238: @@
 * [[R. James Woolsey Jr.]]
 * [[Yang Jianli]]
-{{div col end}}
 ===Criticisms===
-The fourth iteration of CPD, focused on China, has been criticized as promoting a revival of [[Red scare]] politics in the United States, and for its ties to conspiracy theorist Frank Gaffney and conservative activist [[Steve Bannon]].<ref name = "Swanson"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Skidmore |first1=Davod |title=The US Scare Campaign Against China |url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/07/the-us-scare-campaign-against-china/ |accessdate=July 12, 2020 |work=The Diplomat |date=July 23, 2019}}</ref> David Skidmore, writing for ''[[The Diplomat]]'', saw it as another instance of "adolescent hysteria" in US diplomacy, as another of the "fevered crusades [which] have produced some of the costliest mistakes in American foreign policy".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/07/the-us-scare-campaign-against-china/ |first=David |last=Skidmore |newspaper=[[The Diplomat]] | title=The US Scare Campaign Against China: The political calculations behind exaggerating the 'present danger' – from the Cold War to today |date=July 23, 2019 |accessdate=December 31, 2020}}</ref>
+The CPDC has been criticized as promoting a revival of [[Red Scare]] politics in the United States, and for the involvement of [[Frank Gaffney]] and activist [[Steve Bannon]].<ref name = "Swanson"/><ref name=":0" /> David Skidmore, writing for ''[[The Diplomat]]'', described it as the latest instance of "what was once referred to as the 'military-industrial complex'” influencing policy.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/07/the-us-scare-campaign-against-china/ |first=David |last=Skidmore |newspaper=[[The Diplomat]] | title=The US Scare Campaign Against China: The political calculations behind exaggerating the 'present danger' – from the Cold War to today |date=July 23, 2019 |accessdate=December 31, 2020}}</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 212: / Line 249: @@
 * [[Foreign policy interest group]]
 * [[Institute on Religion and Democracy]]
-* [[Neoconservative]]
+* [[Neoconservatism]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 219: / Line 256: @@
 ==Further reading==
 {{Library resources box}}
-* Boies, John, and Nelson A. Pichardo (1993–1994). "The Committee on the Present Danger: A Case for the Importance of Elite Social Movement Organizations to Theories of Social Movements and the State". ''Berkeley Journal of Sociology'' 38: 57-87. {{jstor|41035466}}.
+* Boies, John, and Nelson A. Pichardo (1993–1994). "The Committee on the Present Danger: A Case for the Importance of Elite Social Movement Organizations to Theories of Social Movements and the State". ''Berkeley Journal of Sociology'' 38: 57-87. {{JSTOR|41035466}}.
 * Singh, Robert. [http://www.kropfpolisci.com/obama.foreign.policy.singh.pdf "Neoconservatism in the Age of Obama"], in  Inderjeet Parmar, ed., ''Obama and the World'' (Routledge, 2014). pp. 51–62.
 * {{Cite book |last=Vaïsse |first=Justin |year=2010 |title=Neoconservatism: The Biography of a Movement|chapter=Chapter 5: Nuclear Alarm: The Committee on the Present Danger |publisher=Belknap |isbn=978-0-674-06070-8}}
@@ Line 235: / Line 272: @@
 [[Category:United States political action committees]]
 [[Category:Anti-communist organizations in the United States]]
+[[Category:Neoconservatism]]

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